• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1977

메밀 전분의 이화학적 성질을 살펴본바, 입자의 크기는 4.3-11.4 미크론(평균 7.8미크론)이었다. 전분의 물결합능력은 103.7%, 아밀로스 함량은 25%이었다. 복굴절성 소실의 측정법에 의한 호화개시 및 호화 종료 온도는 각각 $61^{\circ}$ 및 $65^{\circ}C$이었고 아밀로그라프에 의한 초기 호화온도는$64.5^{\circ}C$이었다. 전분의 노화속도는 $21^{\circ}C$에서 밀 전분보다 다소 빨랐다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate whether adding different levels of raw or differently processed chickpea into different diets of laying quails affected live weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, egg weight and internal and external egg quality. Chickpea was used as raw, autoclaved or microwave-processed, and it was involved in the diets on two different levels (20% and 40%). The sample was divided into 7 groups including the control, 20% and 40% raw, 20% and 40% autoclaved, and 20% and 40% microwave-processed groups. 336 ten-week-old female laying quails were used in the study, and the experiment continued for 19 weeks. In the study, the differences among the groups were insignificant in terms of live weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, egg weight and egg quality characteristics such as shell thickness, shell weight, yolk weight, yolk color and albumin index. The differences were significant in terms of the shape index, Haugh unit (p<0.05) and yolk index (p<0.01). Consequently, it was observed that different thermal processes on chickpeas did not usually have a significant effect on the yield performance of the quails, and the results that were obtained were similar to the other groups. However, it was determined that some egg quality characteristics were affected by the autoclaving and microwaving processes. Between the thermal processes, it may be stated that autoclaving provided better results.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1992

Steam defiberated pulp and steam exploded wood(birch chip) were extracted with solvents (hot-water, 1% NaOH, MeOH, hot water, 1% NaOH). The properties of residual fiber were examined for the utilization as ruminants feed. The digestibility is 38% in steam defiberated pulp(10kg /$cm^2$-15min) and 62-77% in exploded wood(17-18kg/$cm^2$-2~10min), respectively. The more steam pressure and time increase, the more the digestibility increase. The sugars obtained from extractives is amount from 7% to 13% in asplund pulp and from 7% to 10% in exploded pulp. The sugars was mainly composed of 70-80% xylose. The digestibility of residual fiber which is extracted with solvents is low than these of original fibers. Considering the yield and digestibility as ruminant feed, exploded pulp under 17kg /$cm^2$ for 10min has the best efficiency. The exploded wood gives 75.3% on yield(O. D. chip) and 48% on the digestibility.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2022

From independent swab samples of the cloaca of indigenous gamecocks (CIG), anus of healthy baby goats (AHG), and vagina of goats (VG) originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand, a total of 263 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected. Only three isolates, designated C707, G502, and V202, isolated from CIG, AHG, and VG, respectively, exhibited an excellent inhibitory zone diameter against foodborne pathogenic bacteria when evaluated by agar spot test. Isolates C707 and G502 were identified as Enterococcus faecium, whereas V202 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. When foodborne pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with chosen LAB in mixed BHI-MRS broth at 39℃, their growth was suppressed. These LAB were found to be capable of surviving in simulated stomach conditions. Only the isolate G502 was able to survive in the conditions of simulated intestinal juice. This research suggests that selected LAB could be used as a food/feed supplement to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria and improve the safety of animal-based food or feed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.952-960
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes. Four, 4-yr old rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and CC+rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was level of cottonseed meal (CM); 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) in isonitrogenous diets (490 g CP/kg). Buffaloes received urea-treated rice straw ad libitum and supplemented with 5 g concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient intake, digested nutrients, nutrient digestibility, ammonia nitrogen concentration, fungi and bacterial populations, or microbial protein synthesis (p>0.05). Ruminal pH at 6 h after feeding and the population of protozoa at 4 h after feeding were higher when buffalo were fed with CC than in the CR3:1 treatment (p<0.05). Buffalo fed with HCM had a lower roughage intake, nutrient intake, population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria and microbial nitrogen supply than the LCM fed group (p<0.05). However, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, population of protozoa and fungi, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by cottonseed meal levels (p>0.05). Based on this experiment, concentrate with a low level of cottonseed meal could be fed with cassava chips as an energy source in swamp buffalo receiving rice straw.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1235-1239
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• 2013

The effects of probiotic additions to feed and manure on temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emissions in Hanwoo manure during summer (4 weeks) were evaluated. Fifteen Hanwoo (24-mo-old, $580{\pm}20kg$) were housed in individual pens ($5{\times}8m$) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 5 cattle per treatment). Hanwoo were fed experimental rations as follows: control (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate); T1 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis); and T2 (10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate, 2% probiotics on as-fed basis + 7 kg probiotics as top-dressing on the surface of Hanwoo manure). In comparison to the control, the addition of probiotics to feed or feed and manure had an effect (P < 0.05) on temperature and humidity over the 4 weeks, except for humidity at 0 weeks. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in $CO_2$ emission was among all treatments at 3 and 4 weeks (but not at 0 through 2 weeks). These results indicated that use of probiotics as feed and manure additives did not have a significant effect on environmental parameters.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1995

음식쓰레기를 고속발효시켜 동물사료로서 이용할 수 있는가의 여부를 검토하고자 인하대학교 병원과 한양대학교 병원에서 환자급식용으로 제공하는 음식쓰레기를 일정량 채취하여 140L들이의 고속발효기에서 발효시켰다. 첨가제로서는 수분조절 및 영양분의 균형을 위하여 건조한 비지와 톱밥을 습중량으로 약 40~50% 섞었고 종균제를 내용물 총량의 1/300 정도 넣었으며 $46{\sim}52^{\circ}C$의 발효온도에서 40~48시간 발효시켰다. 건조비지를 수분조절제로 사용한 경우는 조단백질과 조회분, 칼슘, 인의 함량이 시판되는 돼지사료보다 약간 떨어졌으며, 톱밥을 수분조절제로 사용한 경우는 조섬유의 함량만 크게 높았고, 기타 다른 성분은 크게 낮았다. 이러한 사실로 미루어 볼때 건조비지를 첨가제로 사용했을 때만이 보조사료로서의 가치가 인정된다고 하겠다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding values of food and other organic wastes, and to determine their dietary effects on performance and carcass yield in ducks. A total of 156 meat type ducklings at the age of 25 days were housed in 12 pens and assigned to 4 treatments, in which the birds were fed for 21 days. One of 4 diets, commercial duck feed, raw food waste (RFW), fermented food waste(FFW) and mixture of 50% RFW and 50% FFW (R+FFW). Feed consumption was significantly higher (p＜0.05) in the RFW groups. Body weight gain showed no significant differences between the control and other treatments. The feed consumption ratio was significantly higher in the RFW groups (p＜0.05) than that of the other groups. Carcass yield was significantly higher in the R+FFW groups (p＜0.05) than the other groups. The weight of liver per live body weight showed significant differences among the treatment groups (p＜0.05). The length of intestine was significantly different from those of the treated groups(p＜0.05).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2017

Fermented Rhus verniciflua (FRV) as feed additives act as excellent anti-diarrheal drugs as they increase the intestinal absorption rate therefore being indirectly associated with enhancing growth performance and increasing digestibility in livestock. A total of 80 weaned pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of $6.82{\pm}1.11kg$ were used to evaluate a diet supplemented with FRV meal in a 6 week feeding trial with two dietary treatments [CON - basal diet; TRT - CON + 0.2% FRV] on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), blood profiles, fecal microflora, and fecal score. Our results showed that the dietary supplementation of FRV improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain and gain : feed (G : F) ratio during days 15 - 42 and the overall experiment period and also increased the ATTD of dry matter (p < 0.05) at days 14 and 42. On the contrary, there was no effect (p > 0.05) on average daily feed intake, ATTD of nitrogen and energy, and blood profiles during the entire experiment. Moreover, dietary inclusion of FRV significantly increased fecal Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) counts and reduced the diarrhea during days 22 - 42. Thus, the results suggest that FRV can be used as a potential additive to improve growth performance and dry matter and to reduce diarrhea while having beneficial effects on fecal microflora in weanling pigs.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.404-408
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of laying productivity and egg quality according to providing germinated and fermented soybean (GFS) as feed additive. Among the strain, we selected Monascus purpureus KCCM 12002 so that inoculated in soybean and fermented for 48 h at $20^{\circ}C$. A total of two-hundred forty 70-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into four groups (4 treatment${\times}$6 replication${\times}$10 birds each) and fed diets containing 0 (as control) (T1), 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3) or 2.0% GFS (T4) for 6 wk. The laying productivity, egg quality and blood property in the egg yolk were experimented. There were no significant differences in the laying productivity, relative liver and spleen weights, egg yolk color and eggshell strength among another groups. The eggshell color, eggshell thickness and haugh unit significantly increased in the GFS-supplemented group (p<0.05) compared to control. However, no significant differences were observed in the blood property after supplementation. The amount of lactic acid bacteria present during storage increased by providing of GFS (p<0.05) compare to control group. Our study results suggested that GFS can be used as a favorable feed additive and feedstuff for the productivity of high quality eggs and promoted relative industry.