• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2011

Virtual colonoscopy is favored over conventional colonoscopy because its non-invasive procedure can avoid complications that may happen in a conventional approach and because it can cleanse colon electronically instead of uncomfortable conventional colon cleansing. Electronic Colon Cleansing(ECC) has to deal with not only removing tagged fecal material but also recovering Partial Volume Effect(PVE) due to tagging material. This paper proposes an ECC method restoring inherent natural PVE while previous approaches focused only on reducing PVE due to tagged fecal material. The proposed method reduces PVE using 3-dimensional adaptive density correction and then replaces tagged fecal material into air. Next, it generates natural PVE for the replaced air adjacent to soft tissue and finally makes smooth transition of gray values for soft tissue adjacent to the replaced air. The proposed method applied to eleven patient data, and showed promising results.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3105-3105
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• 2001

Ingests and fecal contamination on a poultry carcass is a food safety hazard due to potential microbiological contamination. A visible/near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer was used to discriminate among pure ingesta and fecal material, breast skin contaminated with ingesta or fecal material and uncontaminated breast skin. Birds were fed isocaloric diets formulated with either maize, mile, or wheat and soybean meal for protein requirements. Following completion of the feeding period (14 days), the birds were humanely processed and eviscerated to obtain ingests from the crop or proventriculus and feces from the duodenum, ceca, and colon portion of the digestive tract. Pure feces and ingesta, breast skin, and contaminated breast skin were scanned from 400 to 2500 nm and analyzed from 400 to 900 nm. Principal component analysis (PCA) of reflectance spectra was used to discriminate between contaminates and uncontaminated breast skin. Results indicate that visible (400 to 760 nm) and NIR 760-900 nm spectra can detect contaminates. From PCA analysis, key wavelengths were identified for discrimination of uncontaminated skin from contaminates based the evaluation of loadings weights.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 1999

건강한 한국성인의 분에서 분리된 Lactobacillus acidophilus SNUL 01과 SNUL 02가 각각 $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$ 수준으로 함유된 애시도필루스우유를 자원한 20명의 건강한 성인에게 하루에 두 번, 3주일간 음용하도록 하면서, 분의 pH, 총 lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, 그리고 Clostridium perfringens 수의 변화를 시험 연구하였다 두 균주로 제조된 애시도필루스우유를 섭취하기 전초기 분의 pH는 pH 7수준이었으며, 섭취 21일 후 분의 pH는 약 pH 5 수준으로 낮아졌고, 분의 총 lactobacilli 수는 약 $10^7\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 4일 후에는 $10^8\;cfu/$분 g 수준까지 증가하여 시험 후반기까지 안정적으로 유지하였다. 한편, 분의 E. coli 수는 약 $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 21일 후에는 약 $10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준으로 감소하였고, 분의 C. perfringens 수도 $10^5{\sim}10^6\;cfu/g$ 수준에서 $10^3\;cfu/$분 g 수준으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이 L. acidophilus 균주들로 제조된 발효유를 계속해서 섭취할 때 장내 정상 균총의 유지에 도움이 되면서 장내 유해 미생물의 생장을 억제하는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권26호
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• pp.103-126
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• 2005

Coprostanol is a metabolic product of cholesterol, formed by microbial action in the mammalian gut. This chemical compound is the major sterol in human and has been routinely studied as a biomarker of sewage pollution in marine and lacustrinesediments. This has led to the search for coprostanol as a biomarker in archaeologicalsoils, in order to detect the presence of fecal material. In this study, five samples of archaeological soils excavated at Wanggung ri, Iksancity, were used to assess the possibility of using coprostanol as indicators of ancient human activity in archaeological areas. The sampled soils were analyzed MXRD,EDXRF for their physical and chemical properties. And coprostanol was analysed byGC/MSD, using SIM method to detect and quantify specific compound. The results showed the soils were composed of quartz and feldspars, inorganicelement such as $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ etc. Moreover, the result from the analysis wasindicated that the specific compound is coprostanol. The coprostanol was determined at $0.16~1.01\mug$/g in the range of concentrations. This finding indicate that clear promise exists for the exploitation of coprostanol as biomarker of ancient human activity inarchaeological survey. Therefore such studies can serve to increase the confidence we place on biomarker-based methodologies for assessing fecal pollution. The application of this methodology has proved a simple and effective way of searching for that pattern in successively more aged deposits either known or suspected to contain fecal material. And the more scientific analysis of the soils will be showed to utility of the area ancient dietary life style, ancient environment.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2016

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a treatment designed to correct gut dysbiosis by administration of feces from a healthy volunteer. It is still unclear whether FMT for children with ulcerative colitis (UC) is effective or hazardous. Here we describe a young patient to have received FMT for UC. A three-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with severe active UC, and treated with aminosalicylates and various immunosuppressive drugs. As remission was not achieved, we decided to try FMT before colectomy. We administered donor fecal material a total of six times by retention enema (${\times}2$) and via a nasoduodenal tube (${\times}4$) within 10 days. The patient developed abdominal pain and pyrexia after each FMT session. Analyses revealed the transferred donor fecal microbiota had not been retained by the patient, who ultimately underwent colectomy. The severity of the UC and/or timing of FMT may have partly accounted for the poor outcome.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2019

Portulaca oleracea L. (PL) has been used in traditional medicine herb for treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the PL regulates the inflammation by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although PL might have improvement effects of intestinal function and bioactive effects, there are not enough studies to demonstrate. This study investigated the effects of KDC16-2 on the improvement of intestinal function and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. The improvement effect of intestinal function was measured fecal amount, water content and intestinal transit rate in KDC16-2 treated ICR mice. As results, compared with the control group, the KDC16-2 group showed a significant increase in wet fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content. The intestinal transit rate of KDC16-2 group was significantly increased. Based on the results, KDC16-2 is considered to have effects on improving intestinal function. The effect of anti-inflammatory demonstrated by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. The mice were administered 3% DSS along with KDC16-2 (100, 300 mg/kg) for 14 days. DSS-induced colitis mice were significantly ameliorated in KDC16-2 treated group, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, tight junction protein of colon and histological colon injury. The levels of inflammatory mediators (IgG2a, IgA, C-reactive protein and Myeloperoxidase) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, Interleukin (IL)-6) which are involved in inflammatory responses were increased in the DSS-treated group as compared to those in the control group, and the levels were significantly decreased in the KDC16-2 groups. In addition, we investigated the impact of KDC16-2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 cells. KDC16-2 inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggested that the KDC16-2 could effectively alleviate the dysfunction of intestinal and inflammatory mediators. Thus, these KDC16-2 can be potentially used as health functional food of intestinal.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1984

Fecal material from cattle, which was confirmed to be infected with Johne's disease by clinical and pathological symptoms, was decontaminated with 4% NaOH and inoculated into the $L{\ddot{o}}wenstein$-Jensen media supplemented with 1% of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis. After 2-4 week-incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, typical acid-fast mycobacteria was isolated. With the results of staining properties, morphological characteristics, the requirement of mycobactin for growth and the other biochemical properties, isolated mycobacteria was identified as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Female guinea pigs were sensitized with the isolates, and skin test was done with purified protein derivatives (PPDs) of M. avium, M. bovis and M. paratuberculosis 4 weeks after sensitization. Animals showed the largest reaction to the PPDs of M. avium and M. paratuverculosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2003

Gross energy intake fecal, nitrogen excretory and metabolized energy of snotted halibut juvenile, Eopsetta grigorjewi, fed on Tigriopus iaponicus (Group A) and the enriched Artemia nauplii (Group B), were quantitatively investigated and represented as balance equations of energy and material. Absorption efficiency (AE), gross conversion efficiency $(K_1)$ and net conversion efnciency $(K_2)$ were also estimated to understand the changes in efficiency by the prey Gross energy intake, fecal, nitrogen excretory, metabolized and growth energy of Group A were $2.790\pm0.247,\;0.495\pm0.046,\;0.018\pm0.003,\;0.214\pm0.047\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and $2.063\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1},$ respectively. The same parameters of Group B were $4.801\pm0.165,\;0.579\pm0.031,\;0.055\pm0.010,\;0.306\pm0.048\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and $3.861\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1},$ respectively. Energy budget of Group A and B were represented as 100 C= 7.67 M+17.7 F+0.65 U+73.94 G and 100C=6.37 M+ 12.1 F+1.15 U+80.42 G, respectively, where C, M, F, U, and G represent gross energy intake, metabolized energy, fecal energy, nitrogen excretory (non-fecal) energy and growth energy, respectively. AEs of Croup A and B were $81.52\pm1.89,\;86.79\pm0.70\%,$ respectively, with significant difference at p=0.01 level. However, $K_1\;and K_2$ of Group A and B showed no significant difference at p=0.01 level, with $74.21\pm6.57,\;80.48\pm2.76\%\;and\;91.17\pm7.26,\;92.74\pm2.69\%$ respectively. These results suggest that T. japonicus is a possible substitute for Artemia nauplii for the snotted halibut juvenile.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2016

BACKDROUND/OBJECTIVE: Constipation is a condition that can result from intestinal deformation. Because humans have an upright posture, the effects of gravity can cause this shape deformation. Oligosaccharides are common prebiotics and their effects on bowel health are well known. However, studies of the physiological functionality of a product that contains both lactulose and galactooligosaccharides are insufficient. We investigated the constipation reduction effect of a dual-type oligosaccharide, Dual-Oligo, in loperamide-treated rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Dual-Oligo consists of galactooligosaccharides (15.80%) and lactulose (51.67%). Animals were randomly divided into four groups, the normal group (normal), control group (control), low concentration of Dual-Oligo (LDO) group, and high concentration of Dual-Oligo (HDO) group. After 7 days of oral administration, fecal pellet amount, fecal weight, watercontent of fecal were measured. Blood chemistry, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), gastrointestinal transit ratio and length and intestinal mucosa were analyzed. RESULTS: Dual-Oligo increased the fecal weight, and water content of feces in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Gastrointestinal transit ratio and length and area of intestinal mucosa significantly increased after treatment with Dual-Oligoin loperamide-induced rats. A high concentration of Dual-Oligo tended to produce more acetic acid than that observed for the control group, and Dual-Oligo affected the production of total SCFA. Bifidobacteria concentration of cecal contents in the high-concentration oligosaccharide (HDO) and low-concentration oligosaccharide (LDO) groups was similar to the result of the normal group. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that Dual-Oligo is a functional material that is derived from a natural food product and is effective in ameliorating constipation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2005

The present study investigated the feces production rate and fecal nitrogen production ratio of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai fed seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida. The abalone, with shell lengths of 3 cm, 5 cm, and 7 cm, were tested at temperatures of $12^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$ in a semi-recirculating aquaculture system. Under the given experimental conditions, the weight specific feces production rate (FPw) of the abalone increased with the decrease of shell length and the increase of temperature. The relationship of the FPw was. $FPw=-3.092+206.573/T - 1916.8/T^2+0.141L -0.037L^2(r^2=0.9412)$. In addition the abalone produced 17.8-22.5% of fecal material against ingested seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, and $18.4-22.4\%$ of nitrogen ingested total nitrogen.