• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4939-4944
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was through a survey of awareness of cancer and cancer screening of Korean community residents to identify the stereotypes of cancer and bases for development of improved screening programs for early detection. Subjects were residing in South Korea Gangwon-Province and were over 30 years and under 69 years old. The total was 2,700 persons which underwent structured telephone survey questionnaires considered with specific rates of gender, region, and age. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistics 17.0 WIN was utilized. Frequency analysis, the Chi-square (${\chi}^2$) test for univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The awareness of cancer and cancer screening in subjects differed by gender, region and age. For the idea of cancer, women thought about death less than men (OR: 0.73, p<0.001). On the other hand, women had negative thoughts - fear/terror/suffering/pain/pain - more than their male counterparts (OR: 2.04, p<0.001). Next, for the idea of cancer screening, women recognized fear/terror more than men (OR: 1.38, p<0.01). The higher age, the more tension/anxiety/worry/burden/irritated/pressure (OR: 1.43, p<0.01, OR: 2.15, p<0.001, OR: 2.49, p<0.001)). People may be reminded of fear and death for cancer and of fear, terror, tension and anxiety for cancer screening. To change vague fear and negative attitudes of cancer could increase the rate of cancer screening as well as help to improve the quality of life for community cancer survivors and facilitate return to normal social life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide promotion and education to improve the awareness of cancer and cancer screening.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2013

This study was performed to model the effects of ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and the effects these concepts have upon children's peer relationships. Data were collected from 580 fifth and six graders in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. In summary, the results indicated the following. Firstly, there were significant correlations between ego strength, stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation, and peer relationships. Secondly, the ego strength of children was found to have direct influences upon their stress coping styles, fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Thirdly, out of stress coping styles of children affected by ego strength, only the negative coping style was found to significantly influence the fear of negative evaluation and peer relationships. Fourth, the fear of negative evaluation on the part of children was affected by ego strength and negative stress coping styles, and in particular, negative stress coping styles influenced peer relationships through the anxiety induced from interpersonal relationships.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the influential factors on the fear that college students and elderly people feel during the dental treatment and provide basic data needed to develop a plan which can lead them to have a positive perspective on dentistry. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 241 outpatients (39 college students, 202 elderly people) visiting dental clinic of 'K' University Hospital in Seoul from January to April, 2013. It was filled in a self-administered manner and collected right away. Results: factor analysis, three factors were configured when the factors with 1.0 or higher of eigenvalue were extracted using 19 questions through which dental fear and anxiety were measured against college students and elderly people. The questionnaires were classified into three categories: Factor I (stimulus response), Factor II (avoidance of the treatment) and Factor III (physiological response which occurs when a patient feels fear). As a result, it was confirmed that the questionnaire tool is highly feasible. In college students, the responses they felt during the dental treatment in the said three factors were as follows: 52.00% in Factor II, 14.14% in Factor II and 6.99% in Factor III (73.129% in total). In elderly people, on the contrary, they were 52.41% in Factor I, 10.57% in Factor II and 7.98% in Factor III (70.958% in total), lower than the college student group. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it confirmed complex relations between dental fear and related variables against college students and elderly people.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2024

Background: Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children. Methods: Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.265-290
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• 2009

The present data-driven study attempted to explicate nonnative English teacher trainees' foreign language teaching anxiety in microteaching settings from their perspectives. It is assumed that nonnative English teachers or teacher trainees may experience anxiety not only as foreign language learners but also as foreign language teachers. In order to inquire into their anxiety, the researcher had 172 teacher trainees perform extended microteaching tasks and reflect on their teaching and anxiety through group discussion. Based on the analysis of their discussion, three aspects related to nonnative English teacher trainees' anxiety were identified. First, teacher trainees identified three main types of anxiety-provoking situations: communicative-competence-threatening situations, unexpected situations, and instruction-hindering situations. Second, they identified three sources of anxiety: limited ability to use English, lack of English teaching skills, and fear of criticism. Third, they were aware that they used diverse strategies to lower anxiety before and while teaching for different purposes. From their identification and awareness of anxiety-provoking situations, sources of anxiety, and anxiety-lowering strategies, they could reflect on professional qualifications as a foreign language teacher.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.327-348
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• 2010

This study aims to understand whether the effect of poverty is translated to adolescents' mental health though their exposure to violence, which is aggravated by the dangerous environments of the neighborhoods. For this purpose, the study analyzes whether poor adolescents tend to reside on neighborhoods with toxic environments, and whether living in the disadvantageous neighborhood causes the poor adolescents to experience greater violence victimization and fear of violence, and eventually, greater depression and anxiety. The study utilizes secondary analysis of longitudinal data of the Korea Youth Panel Survey. Structural Equation Modeling is used as an analysis method. The study results reveals that poverty has both direct and indirect effects on the level of adolescents' symptoms of depression and anxiety. Especially, poverty affects adolescents' depression and anxiety indirectly through increasing the possibility to reside in more dangerous neighborhoods. Explaining more in detail, living in dangerous neighborhoods seems to expose adolescents more to violence and fear of violence in the neighborhoods and this experience increases the level of depression and anxiety. The study argues that the negative effects of poverty on adolescents should be examined from the view of neighborhood environments. Finally, the study discusses the importance of increasing neighborhood competency as practice and policy implication.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the aging anxiety, factors of successful aging, and preparation for aging in early and late middle-aged people. Methods: The study subjects were 140 middle-aged people aged from 40 to 59. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from August 16 to September 30, 2013. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using IBM SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Between early and late middle age, there were statistically significant differences in the subcategories of aging anxiety: fear of loss (t=2.93, p=.004), fear of old people (t=-2.33, p=.021), physical appearance (t=2.32, p=.022), and psychological concerns (t=2.04, p=.043). A statistically significant difference was found between two groups in one subscale of preparation for aging: physical preparation (t=-2.02, p=.045). In early midlife, significant associations were observed between preparation for aging and both aging anxiety (r=.56, p<.001) and factors of successful aging (r=.54, p<.001). In late midlife, preparation for aging and factors of successful aging showed positive correlation (r=.50, p<.001) Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that programs for successful transition to old age in middle-aged people should consider their aging anxiety level and preparation for aging at their stage of life.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to measure the dental anxiety, the factors associated with dental anxiety and the utilization behavior of dental treatment. Modified dental anxiety scale(MDAS) and Dental fear survey(DFS) were used as measurement, where through the mean and the standard deviation were worked out and also the T-test and ANOVA were performed. In relation to MDAS, females and males showed the mean, '$2.86{\pm}0.06$' and '$2.49{\pm}0.06$' (p=0.000). Also, less than 20 and more than 21 showed the mean, '$2.81{\pm}1.01$' and '$2.61{\pm}0.99$' (p=0.023). In relation to dental utilization behavior, the subjects were classified into three groups, a group who uses dental clinics periodically, a group who uses them only when problems arise, and a group who has not ever used them. MDAS indicated a higher value in the group who use dental clinics only when problems arise, which was significant statistically (p=0.000). In the case of MDAS, many respondents answered that they felt anxious in the process of actual treatment; in the case of DFS, they felt anxious due to the factors that cause irritation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2006

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the prescriptions and herbs about Keongke(驚悸), Cheongchung and fear affection(恐證) related to the anxiety disorder Method : 9 main texts in oriental medicine were selected and investigated for this study. And then the results of research were analyzed. Result : 87 prescriptions and 123 herbs were described in 9 books. Especially Chusaanshinhwan(朱砂安神丸), Ginseng Radix(人蔘), Poria(茯神), and Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸) were mainly used. Conclusion : The results suggest that the prescriptions and herbs frequently described about Keongke(驚悸), Cheongchung and fear affection(恐證) might have antianxiety effect.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after the application of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with Hwa-Byung. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with Hwa-Byung which arose as a result of their spouse's affair. The patient mainly reported chest pains, breathing difficulties, fear, and anxiety as symptoms. To address these, we administered a combination of M&L psychotherapy and Korean therapy including Herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion. Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), Beck's Anxiety Inventory(BAI), and Hwa-Byung scale were evaluated before and after the treatment, to assess the clinical effect. Results: Following treatment, the patient's overall clinical symptoms of chest pain, breathing discomfort, fear, and anxiety were significantly reduced. Additionally, their scores on the BDI, BAI, and Hwa-Byung scales decreased. Conclusions: M&L psychotherapy and Korean therapy can be effective in treating Hwa-Byung.