Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology (대한치과마취과학회)
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Efficacy of kaleidoscope, virtual reality, and video games to alleviate dental anxiety during local anesthesia in children: a randomized clinical trial

  • Karthik Anchala (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital) ;
  • Voppathotty Tirumala (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital) ;
  • Kanamarlapudi Venkata Saikiran (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital) ;
  • Niharika Reddy Elicherla (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital) ;
  • Shaik Rahul (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital) ;
  • Sivakumar Nuvvula (Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital)
  • Received : 2024.04.16
  • Accepted : 2024.05.21
  • Published : 2024.06.01
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Abstract

Background: Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children. Methods: Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

Keywords

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