• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2001

The Cretaceous granite, andesite and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the northern Pusan area. The present study investigates mineralogical and geochemical charateristics of residual and cultivated soils derived from these rocks. The soils of granite area contain a large amount of quartz relative to clay minerals, whereas the soils of the andesite area contain more clay minerals than quartz. Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals illite hydroxy interlayered vermiculite interstratified mica/vermiculite and chlorite. Kaolin minerals are abundant in paddy soils while illite is abundant in less weathered soils. Si and K are major elements in the soils of granite area while Fe and Al in the soils of andesite area. In all the soils Ca, Mg and Na were generally depleted in comparison to those in parent rocks. Analysis data of trace element show that the enrichment pattern in soils depends on parent rock type with high oncentration of some elements over 100 ppm: Ba and Rb in granite area Zn, Bn, and V in andesite area, and Ba and V in sedimentary rock. In granite area, Rb and Th were greatly enriched in soil than in parent rocks. However, Cr, Ni and Sr commonly decrease, whereas Pb increases in all the soils. Exchangeable cation capacity(CEC) is relatively high in the soils of andesite are including abundant clay minerals. Collective evidences prove that the mineralogical and chemical compositions of soils are strongly dependent on the parent rock type. The mineralogy and chemistry of long cultivated soils are not significantly different from those of residual soils.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

In a study of the optimum operational condition for a melting decontamination, the effects of the basicity, slag type and slag composition on the distribution of depleted uranium were investigated for radioactively contaminated metallic wastes of iron-based metals such as stainless steel (SUS 304L) in a direct current graphite arc furnace. Most of the depleted uranium was easily moved into the slag from the radioactive metal waste. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was influenced by the amount of added slag former and the slag basicity. The composition of the slag former used to capture contaminants such as depleted uranium during the melt decontamination process generally consists of silica ($SiO_2$), calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$). Furthermore, calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$), magnesium oxide (MgO), and ferric oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) were added to increase the slag fluidity and oxidative potential. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was increased as the amount of slag former was increased. Up to 97% of the depleted uranium was captured between the ingot phase and the slag phase. The partitioning ratio of the uranium was considerably dependent on the basicity and composition of the slag. The optimum condition for the removal of the depleted uranium was a basicity level of about 1.5. The partitioning ratio of uranium was high, exceeding $5.5{\times}10^3$. The slag formers containing calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$) and a high amount of silica proved to be more effective for a melt decontamination of stainless steel wastes contaminated with depleted uranium.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.22
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• pp.17-56
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• 1990

Cheju Island, which was formed by volcanic activity, is an oval in its shape with the major axis of 80km and the minor axis of 40km. The island holds in its heart Mt. Hanla rising 1,950m above the sea. Petrological study of this volcanic island has been made actively by Sang-Man Lee, Chong-Kwan won and Moon-Won Lee. The chronological measurements of the island by Chong-Kwan Won and Moon-Won Lee showed that it is composed of Sanbangsan trachytes and Backlokdam trachytes(25,000 year ago). These reports are based on the chemical analysis and the rediometric chronological measurements on the ground. However, there has been no reports about the inside of caves. We made an (composition) analysis of the inside of Manjang Cave by the fundamental parameter method in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The fundamental parameter method in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is nondestructive analysis, and it enables us to make the values processed by a computer. The results obtained by this methods are as follows : SiO$_2$(49％), $Al_2$O$_3$(17％), Fe$_2$O$_3$(13％), CaO(8.1％), MgO(5.5％), Na$_2$O(3.6％), TiO$_2$(2.1％), $K_2$O(0.86％), P$_2$O$_{5}$(0.28％), and MnO(0.20％), respectively. The data obtained by the fundamental parameter method in X-ray fluorescence was compared with the data provided by Chong-Kwan and Moon-Won Lee. Our measurement was made by K-Ar-method in cooperation with T.ITAYA. The samples are of 30,000～420,000 year ago. The composition of the values of our underground analysis with the existing values obtained by the analyses on the ground produced new data about Cheju volcanic island.d.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 1998

The sericite ore is formed by the hydrothermal alteration of rhyodacitic welded tuff. The alteration zone of the host rock can be classified into four types based on the mineral assemblages ; sericite, quartz-sericite, silicified and propylite zone. The sericite ore mainly occurs as vein types and fault clay along the fault plane in the quartz-sericite zone. Mineral components of the sericite ore are mainly sericite with minor diaspore, corundum and pyrite. The sericitic porcelaineous ore is mainly composed of quartz and sericite. Accessory minerals are muscovite, diaspore, sphene, corundum, pyrite, iron-oxides and etc. The chemical compositions of K2O, Al2O3, and ignition loss in the sericite ore increase largely than that of the host rock, while the compositions of SiO2, Na2O and Fe2O3 decrease. XRD patterns of the heat-treated sericite ores show the formation of mullite at $1,200^{\circ}C$. and the diaspore-bearing sericite ore forms mullite and corundum at $1,200^{\circ}C$. The differential thermal analysis of the sericite ores show small endothermic peak at 645~668$^{\circ}C$. and the diaspore-bearing sericite ore shows a strong endothermic peak at $517^{\circ}C$. It indicates that the decomposition of diaspore appear at lower temperature than that of sericite. The thermal expansivity of the sericite ores show the similar pattern. The sericite ores show the thermal expansivity of 3.3~4.7% at 900$^{\circ}C$ and 0.39~0.75% at 1,20$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. DTA-TG curves of the sericite ores show closely relations with the thermal expansivity.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.45 no.46
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• pp.9-31
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• 1996

The Mt. Peakdu is situated in north of the main peninsula, commanding geographically coordinated between longitude W($127^{\circ}$ 15' - $128^{\circ}$ 00') to E($128^{\circ}$ 15'- $129^{\circ}$ 00'), between latitude from S($41^{\circ}$ 15'- $42^{\circ}$ 00') to N($42^{\circ}$ 10'- $42^{\circ}$ 40'). The Manjyang-Gul in Cheju volcanic island is situated in the south of the main peninsula, commanding the Korean Strait, geographically coordinated longitude N($33^{\circ}$ 32' 26") and E($126^{\circ}$ 46' 48"). The quantitative analysis using XRF of volcanic rock samples for the north of Lu- Ming- Feng in Mt. Peakdu Group and the Manjang-Gul in Cheju island was Performed. The major chemical components by group analysis are as follows; Peakdu-Mt. Cheju Peakdu-Mt. Cheju (1) $Na_2O$(3.29Wt% and 3.27Wt%) (2) MgO (3.95Wt% and 6.l5Wt%) (3) $Al_2O_3$((17.64Wt% and 15.l7Wt%) (4) $SiO_2$((50.62Wt% and 50.99Wt%) (5) $P_2O_5$ (0.36Wt% and 0.30Wt%) (6) $K_2O$ (1.37Wt% and 1.04Wt%) (7) CaO (8.56Wt% and 8.06Wt%) (8) $TiO_2$ (2.37Wt% and 2.l5Wt%) (9) MnO (0.llWt% and 0.l6Wt%) (10) $Fe_2O_3$(9.l2Wt% and 12.56Wt%) The Group analysis data were compared in the relation within the age of formation for $0.16{\pm}0.08Ma$ in Mt. Peakdu Group, and $0.42{\pm}42Ma$ or $0.42{\pm}42Ma$ in Cheju island for K-Ar age. The crystal structure are mixed crystal of monoclinic, hexagonal and triclinic system in Mt. Peakdu Group and mixed structure of triclinic and cubic system in Cheju volcanic island.ic island.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2001

Pozzolan is to improve the strength and the durability of concrete as a result of the pozzolanic reaction, Broadly speaking, pozzolanic materials can be artificial materials, such as slica fume and fly ash, and natural material, such as rice husk ash, clay, volcanic ash, clayish pozzolan. Hwangtoh is a mineral which belongs to a group of matakaolin, especially halloysite, and the main elements is SiO$_2$, Al$_2$O$_3$, Fe$_2$O$_3$. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of Hwangtoh for the concrete admixtures, the composition of this study is shown as follows. Chapter I is analysis for properties of concrete as the kinds of admixture, and Chapter H is analysis for properties of concrete as the replacement ratio of activated Hwangtoh. As a result of this study, Hwangtoh is found to have high practical use as pozzolanic material, and the pertinent range of replacement ratios of Hwangtoh on cement are 10∼20 %.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Lime was the solidifier mostly used at the fields of construction and civil works in the past. however, the development of Portland cement remarkably reduced the use of it. Recently as the concernment on circumstances gets higher, lime wined attention again as an eco-friendly material and was used at earth-using construction. This study examined the physical and chemical capacity of lime complexes with lime capacity improved, and performed fundamental study on the way to concretize by mixing it with earth. As a result, lime complex pressure strength was lower than cement pressure strength but it showed the possibility that its strength was improved by W/B control. The measurement of XRD after paste formation confirmed a compound generated by the reaction of Ca2+ion and Si, Al, and Fe from pozzolan reaction. A earth wall experiment by using lime complexes and earth showed that the higher, WB or the lower the quantity of unit combined materials, the lower the pressure strength was. The maximum pressure strength was maximum 11MPa when the quantity of unit combined materials was 450. It is because the composed earth particles had a high content of micro powder less than silt, so a lot of combination are demanded to secure fluidity. As a result of peptization experiment, after hardening, the material was not dissolved, which informed of the possibility of use as an outer subsidiary material. If the material is hardened by mold formation method, natural hardening crack appears. Cast expresses smart surface quality and enables to design for multiple purpose. The result shows the possibility of construction of low-story structures by using earth wall made of lime complexes and earth.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

In this study, it was analyzed the soil components and elution characteristics of heavy metal ions in sediment samples to examine the effect of sediments embedded in Andong and Imha reservoirs on water quality. Major elements of sediments were shown to be Al, Si, K, and Fe by EDS analysis and major soil components of the collected 6 different sediments were illite (I), kaolinite (Ka), quartz (Q) and feldspar (F). And especially quartz took up a considerable part of sediments by XRD analysis. The total concentrations of Zn, As, Cr, Cu and Pb in sediments of Andong reservoir were relatively higher than those of Imha reservoir. The elution property of heavy metal from sediments had various aspects according to pH. Among the heavy metals in Andong reservoir sediments, As and Zn were significantly eluted at pH 6 compared with the other heavy metals. In the case of the adsorption tests using the sediments, the adsorptive capacities of Zn, Cd and Cu were very weak, on the while those of Pb and Cr were high.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1970

The purpose of this report is to prepare a data for the economic evaluation on the Goobong Limestone Mine which is located at the south-eastern corner of the Yongchun Quadrangle scaled in 1:50,000. The accessibility from the mine to railroad was considered in two ways. One is to Dodam Station on Central Railway Line and the other is to reach Songjung-ni village which is near Sangyong Station on Hamback Railway Line. The distance of the former way is 26.7km and the later is 24.2km. Geologically the mine is situated near the base of the Greast Limestone Series which strikes generally $N25^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}E$. The series comprises six different formations from older to younger; Pungchon Limestone Formation and Whajol Formation of Cambrian age, and Dongjum Quartzite Formation, Dumudong Formation, Maggol Limestone Formation and Goseong Formation of lower to middle Ordovician age. 82 samples; 48 from Pungchon Limestone Formation, 11 from Dumudong Formation, 15 from Maggol Limestone Formation and 8 from Goseong Formation, were taken from the series in the crossed direction to the general trend of the series as shown in geological map. They were chemically analyzed on the components of CaO, MgO, $SiO_2$, $R_2O_3(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)$ and ignition loss as shown in table 2, table 3, table 4, and table 5. As seen from the tables, among the formations of the series, middle to upper parts of the Pungchon Limestone Formation and middle and upper parts of the Dumudong Formation have chemical composition as available source for the raw material of cement industry, not only that but also the part of the Pungchon Formation was highly evaluated as source for the flux of iron smelting and the raw material of carbide manufacturing because of its high purity of calcium carbonate.

• Geosciences Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.921-938
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• 2018

The Motzfeldt intrusions in the Gardar Province, southern Greenland, split into syenitic plutonic and hypabyssal rocks, in which the latter include ring dykes and sheet intrusions. Sheet intrusions, considered as the source for rare earth elements (REE) and high field strength elements (HFSE), comprise sheets of peralkaline microsyenite (SPM), syenitic pegmatite (SP), and peralkaline microsyenite (PM). SP exhibits extremely high concentrations of REE and HFSE, which are positively correlated with increasing alkalinity from early towards late intrusion, caused by magmatic processes. In contrast, some of the SPM and PM are also significantly enriched in REE and HFSE, caused by post-magmatic fluids. The REE- and HFSE-rich phases in SP consist mainly of zircon and allanite with smaller amounts of pyrochlore in pseudomorph from the inferred eudialyte, whereas some of the PM and SPM consist of pyrochlore, REE-carbonate, and zircon in the matrix. The zircon grains in the Motzfeldt Sø Formation (MSF) syenite occur in interstitial spaces, exhibiting an association with magnetite and a bipyramidal form in texture. They are characterized by a highly fractured and embayed rim. Zircons from PM and SP are clearly enriched in Fe, Al, Ca, Na, Y, P, Hf, Y, P, Nb, Ta, and REE, and are depleted in Zr and Si in comparison with magmatic zircon. They also show a clear trend of higher LREE/HREE and $Eu/Eu^{\star}$ ratios, and lower $Ce/Ce^{\star}$ ratios, which define them as typical hydrothermal zircons. In contrast, zircons from the MSF syenite show a relatively lower LREE/HREE ratio and Eu and Ce anomalies of a similar magnitude compared with those from SP and PM. The occurrence and mineral composition of the zircon suggest that post-magmatic fluids have played an important role in the remobilization of REE and HFSE as well as the primary concentration of REE and HFSE, caused by magmatic processes.