• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of yogurt containing spirulina. Yogurt base was prepared from skim milk added with $0.25{\sim}1%(w/v)$ spirulina powder and fermented with lactic acid bacteria (S. thermophilus : L. bulgaricus = 1 : 1) at $40^{\circ}C$ for 12 hr. Kiwi puree and oligosaccharides were then added. The addition of 1% spirulina powder stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria, which showed the highest viable cell count ($3.4{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL), and increased the titratable acidity (1.10%). The viscosity range of the yogurt was 6,000 to 9,000 cP, and the sugar content of the yogurt was around 18 $^{\circ}Brix$. The antioxidant activities were determined using the DPPH method, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the yogurt containing spirulina was higher than that of the control. The sensory evaluation scores for appearance, odor, taste, overall acceptability and buying intention were higher in the yogurt containing 0.25% spirulina than in the other groups. The amount of macronutrients in the yogurt containing spirulina was higher than that in the control. In addition, the amounts of micronutrients in the yogurt containing spirulina was significantly increased. According to these results, the optimum concentration of spirulina powder is around 0.25%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

It has been observed that, after long term storage, some ammunitions are misfired by tamping (combustionstopping) due to aging of the chemicals loaded in the ammunitions. Used in ammunitions are percussion powder which provides the initial energy, igniter which ignites the percussion powder, and a delay system that delays the combustion for a period of time. The percussion powder is loaded first, followed by the igniter and then the delay system, and the ammunitions explode by the energy being transferred in the same order. Tamping occurs by combustion-stopping of the igniter or insufficient energy transfer from the igniter to the delay system or the combustion-stopping of the delay system, which are suspected to be caused by low purity of the components, inappropriate mixing ratio, size distribution of particulate components, type of the binder, blending method, hydrolysis by the humidity penetrated during the long term storage, and chemical changes of the components by high temperature. Goal of this study is to find the causes of the combustion-stopping of the igniter and the delay system of the ammunitions after long term storage. In this study, a method was developed for testing of the combustion-stopping, and the size distributions of the particulate components were analyzed with field-flow fractionation (FFF), and then the mechanism of chemical change during long term storage was investigated by thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry), XRD (X-ray diffractometry), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). For the ignition system, M (metal)-O (oxygen) and M-OH peaks were observed at the oxygen's 1s position in the XPS spectrum. It was also found by XRD that $Fe_3O_4$ was produced. Thus it can be concluded that the combustion-stopping is caused by reduction in energy due to oxidation of the igniter.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of animal by-product mixture (ABPM) as a dietary animal protein source of fish meal replacer, and to determine the effect of dietary chromic oxide in growing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. ABPM is a mixture of five anmial by-products such as meat and bone meal (MBM) feather meal (FM), squid live, powder(SLP), poultry by-product (PBP) and blood- meal (BM) at a specific weight based ratio. Diet 1 and 2 were formulated on a isonitrogenous and a isocaloric basis of $46.5\%$ crude protein and 16.7 KJ/g diet; diet 1 (WFM 100), $100\%$ of the animal protein source came from white fish meal; diet 2 (ABPM 40), $60\%$ WFM+$40\%$ ABPM as the animal protein source; diet 3 (-Cr) commercial diet without chromic oxide; diet 4 (+Cr), commercial diet with chromic oxide. After eight weeks of feeding trials, fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower body weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than that of fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). When comparing diet 3 with diet 4, no significant differences were found in WG and FE (P>0.05). There were no significant differences on condition factor, hematocrit level, serum phosphorus, bone phosphorus, whole body phosphorus, and bone ash among fish from all four diet groups. Fish fed diet 4 had a significantly higher whole body lipid than that of fish fed the other diets (P<0.05), These results indicated that ABPM could be used less than $40\%$ in growing rainbow trout with a sufficient period of acclimation, In addition, the $0.5\%$ of chromic oxide can be used to determine the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in the feed without any adverse effects on growth and body composition.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.409-415
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• 1993

For the use of sea mustard in snack food as the supplement of minerals and nutrients, three types of product like sweet jelly, jam and candy were prepared adding fresh sea mustard homogenates, dried sea mustard powder and sea mustard extract, respectively. That were prepared by four different ways, cold water extract, hot water extract, $1\%$ NaOH extract and $95\%$ ethanol extract. The extract contains plenty of particulary iodine and calcium in hot water extract and other nutrients. Judging by sensory evaluation, color, flavor and taste of jam, sweet jelly and candy added with sea mustard, products were satisfactory to attractive snack food for children and these could be useful as the source of minerals and nutrients.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2011

This study is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris (CM${\alpha}$) strain on orotic acid (OA)-induced fatty liver in rats. OA treatment induced the retardation of body weight gain and enlargement of the liver. The activities of liver marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Alk. phosphatase and Cholinesterase were increased when treated with OA, but these parameters were significantly decreased in the CM${\alpha}$ group. The current study observed significant elevations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels. However, among the OA groups, the CM${\alpha}$ group showed significantly low TBARS levels of hepatic homogenate. The OA group resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of plasma and hepatic glutathione, but these reductions were significantly increased in the CM${\alpha}$ group. These effects were more pronounced in the CM${\alpha}$ group than in the PJ or CM groups in Orotic acid treated rats. Accordingly, Cordycepin-enriched Cordyceps militaris (CM${\alpha}$) may be an ideal candidate for hepatoprotective effects in animal models.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

The antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied with respect to Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli by observing the bacterial cells treated or not with Ag-NPs by FE-SEM as well as measuring the growth curves, formation of bactericidal ROS, protein leakage, and lactate dehydrogenase activity involved in the respiratory chain. Bacterial cells were treated with Ag-NPs powder, and the growth rates were investigated under varying concentrations of Ag-NPs, incubation times, incubation temperatures, and pHs. As a result, S. aureus and E. coli were shown to be substantially inhibited by Ag-NPs, and the antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs did not fluctuate with temperature or pH. These results suggest that Ag-NPs could be used as an effective antibacterial material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1351-1357
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• 2007

"Hae-Songi" mushroom is a kind of Hypsizigus marmoreus, one of the edible mushrooms. Powder and hot water extracts of the mushroom fruit-body were investigated for their proximate composition, amino acid contents, ${\beta}-glucan$ contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. The measured antioxidant activity included free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, reducing power $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability and SOD activity. Mushroom extracts exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity. This mushroom contained high protein (29%, total amino acid contents 204.86 mg/g), free amino acids (46.53 mg/g) and ${\beta}-glucan$(0.11%). At a concentration of 1% extracts solutions (w/v) according to different extraction times, DPPH free radical-scavenging activities were found to exhibit $89%{\sim}92%$ inhibition. Positive correlations $(R^2=0.9901{\sim}0.7424)$ were found between total phenolic content in the mushroom hot water extracts and their antioxidant activity. In this study, it is demonstrated that "Hae-Songi" mushroom may possess potential for use as a health food, due to theirantioxidant capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

In this study, the FE analysis has been presented for the leakage safety of $9\%$ nickel type LNG storage tank based on the thermal resistance effects between insulation panels, comer protection and prestressed concrete(PC) structures. The FEM calculated results show that the leakage safety of fiber glass blanket, perlite powder and cellular glass insulators does not guarantee any more due to a strength failure of the insulation structure. But the corner protection and PC structure of outer tank may delay or sustain the leaked LNG of 10 days even though the inner tank and insulation structure are simultaneously failed. This means that $9\%$ nickel steel type LNG storage tank may be safe because of a high strength of the corner protection and outer tank structures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.769-774
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• 1993

Defatted rice bran was microparticulated using fluidized bed opposed jet mill and air-classified at different air classifying wheel speed (ACWS) in Turboplex classifier. The median particle size and the standard deviation decreased, and concomitantly the specific surface area increased generally with increasing ACWS. The protein, fat and ash contents of the recovered rice bran increased with ACWS. The contents of minerals; magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese; increased positively with ACWS. The phytic acid content, however, was slightly higher at middle ACWS. The dietary fiber content was highest in the ACWS 15,000 rpm fraction showing 31.47%. Higher ACWS resulted in lighter colored powder. The water holding capacity (WHC) showed the maximum value at ACWS 12,000 rpm and decreased with increasing ACWS, while the oil holding capacity (OHC) increased with ACWS. The rheological property of the microparticulated rice bran/water suspension fitted to the linear model. The yield stress and viscosity of the suspension increased with ACWS. The shape of microparticulated rice bran at ACWS 21,000 rpm was spherical, and the median particle size was $3.7{\mu}m$. When cake was prepared with substitution of microparticulated rice bran at 5%, the cake height and volume increased remarkably.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-99
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• 2019

In the modified atmosphere packaging of powdered infant formula, the oxygen inside the package may cause its quality deterioration and needs to be minimized for quality preservation. A way of oxygen scavenger inclusion in the single-serve package without contacting the product was devised for removing oxygen residing initially and permeating through the seal layer during the storage. A polyethylene/pulp multi-layer porous filter bag of 5 × 7 cm containing 13 g of powdered infant formula was packaged in an 8 × 9 cm size aluminium laminated film package with a Fe-based oxygen scavenger of 1.8 g. After nitrogen flushed packaging, the active packages were stored at 30℃ for 254 days with periodical quality measurement. The active package could remove the initial residual oxygen of 1.4% completely and maintain absence of oxygen for the whole storage, which contributed to reduced oxidation observed in lower product peroxide value compared to that of the product in the control package. There was no influence of packaging treatment on content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reaction product of initial nonenzymatic browning. The devised oxygen-scavenging single-serve package showed a potential to improve the preservation of infant formula powder and extend the shelf life.