• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

본 연구는 철기(Fe based) $Fe_{73.5}Si_{13.5}B_9Nb_3Cu_1$ 나노결정 합금의 분말코어(powder core)의 연자기적 특성 향상을 위한 기초연구로서, 절연 코팅제의 첨가량 및 분말입도에 따른 투자율, 코어손실 및 DC 바이어스 특성을 주로 조사하였다. 우선 합금조성을 PFC 장치를 이용하여 비정질 합금리본을 제조한 후, 열처리, 미분쇄 및 분급하여 얻어진 합금분말에 절연 코팅제(PEI)의 첨가량을 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 wt%로 변화시켜 $16ton/cm^2$으로 압축성형 및 결정화 열처리하여 제조한 토로이달 나노결정 분말코어($OD12.7mm{\times}ID7.62mm{\times}H4.75mm$)는 절연 코팅제 함량이 증가할수록 투자율은 감소하였지만, 코어손실 및 DC 바이어스 특성은 향상됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 이유는 합금분말 절연 코팅제 첨가량이 증가할수록 비정질 합금분말 입자가 적어져 분말코어의 성형밀도가 낮아지기 때문으로 추정되었으며, 절연 코팅제의 함량은 1 wt%가 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 절연 코팅제 함량을 1 wt%로 고정하고, 합금분말의 입도에 따라 제조한 분말코어의 경우, 실효투자율 및 코어손실은 입도가 클수록 우수하였지만, DC 바이어스 특성은 인가자장이 증가함에 따라 더욱 나빠짐을 확인하였다. 그 이유는 합금분말 표면의 코팅층 두께 차이에 의한 절연효과, 잔류기공 혹은 분말코어의 성형밀도 차이 등에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

This study investigated the microstructure and wear properties of extruded hyper-eutectic Al-Si (15wt.%) alloy in an engine oil environment. The wear mechanism of the material was also analyzed and compared to conventional gray cast iron. In microstructural observation results of Al-15wt.%Si alloy, primary Si phase ($45.3{\mu}m$) and eutectic Si phase ($3.1{\mu}m$) were found in the matrix, and the precipitations of $Mg_2Si({\beta}^{\prime})$, $Al_2Cu({\theta}^{\prime})$ and $Al_6(Mn,Fe)$ were also detected. In the case of gray cast iron, ferrite and pearlite were observed. It was also observed that flake graphite ($20-130{\mu}m$) were randomly distributed. Wear rates were lower in the Al-Si alloy as compared to those of gray cast iron in all load conditions, confirming the outstanding wear resistance of Al-15wt.%Si alloy in engine oil environment. In the $4kg_f$ condition, the wear rate of gray cast iron was $6.0{\times}10^{-5}$ and that of Al-Si measured $0.8{\times}10^{-5}$. The microstructures after wear of the two materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The primary Si and eutectic Si of Al-Si alloy effectively mitigated the abrasive wear, and the Al matrix effectively endured to accept a significant amount of plastic deformation caused by wear.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2007

The oxidation of $Fe_{73}Si_{16}B_7Nb_3Cu_1$ nanocrystalline powder has been conducted to investigate its influence on the electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of the soft magnetic material. Oxidation occurred primarily on the surface of nanocrystals. Oxidation reduced the real part of complex permeability due to the reduction of the relative volume of the powder, which otherwise contributes to the permeability. Oxidation reduced the absorption efficiency of the sheet at frequencies over 1GHz, indicating that the relative contribution of skin depth increments to the absorption was not significant. The pulverization and milling process lowered the optimum crystallization temperature of the material by $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ because of the internal energy accumulated during the fragmentation and powder thinning processes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2002

A new polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin containing 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-5-dimethylamino-phenol (TAM) functional groups has been synthesized and its sorption behavior for nineteen metal ions, including Zr(Ⅳ),Hf(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅵ) has been investigated by batch and column methods. The chelating resin showed high sorption affinity for Zr(Ⅳ) at pH 1-5 and U(Ⅵ) at pH 4. Some parameters affecting the sorption of the metal ions have been detailed. The breakthrough and overall capacities were measured under optimized conditions. The overall capacities of Zr(Ⅳ), Th(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅵ), which showed higher than the other metal ions, were 0.90,0.84 and 0.80 mmol/g, respectively. The elution order of metal ions at pH 4 was evaluated as Zr(Ⅳ) > Th(Ⅳ) > U(Ⅵ) > Cu(Ⅱ) > Hf(Ⅳ) > W(Ⅵ) > Mo(Ⅵ) > In(Ⅲ) > Sn(Ⅳ) > Cr(Ⅲ) > V(Ⅴ) > Fe(Ⅲ). Quantitative recovery of most metal ions except Zr(Ⅳ) was achieved using 2M HNO3. Desorption and recovery of Zr(Ⅳ) was successfully performed with 2 M HClO4 and 2 M HCl.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.140-145
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• 1997

$Cu/ZnO/ZrO_2$와 MFI계열의 제올라이트(HZSM-5, H-Ga-Sllicate, H-Fe-Silicate)로 이루어진 혼성촉매상에서 이산화탄소 접촉수소화반응을 수행하였다. MFI계열의 제올라이트중 브뢴스테드 산점양이 가장 많은 HZSM-5를 포함한 혼성촉매가 가장 높은 $C_2{^+}$ 탄화수소 수율을 나타내었다. HZSM-5를 포함한 혼성촉매 중에서는 $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$비가 낮을수록, 이온교환 시간이 많을수록 즉 브뢴스테드 산점의 양이 많을수록 $C_2{^+}$ 탄화수소에 대한 수율이 높았다. HZSM-5에 금속이온을 이온 교환 하였을 경우, $HZSM-5{\simeq}Ga/HZSM-5>Zn/HZSN-5$의 순서로 활성이 높았는데 이 또한 브뢴스테드 산점수가 많을수록 활성이 증가하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.110.1-110.1
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• 2010

A bench scale slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) with active-Fe based catalyst was developed for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. Considering the highly exothermic reaction heat generated in the bench scale SBCR, an effective cooling system was devised consisting of a U-type dip tube submerged in the reactor. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were controlled so as to achieve high activity for the CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production. Firstly, the FTS performance of the FeCuK/$SiO_2$ catalyst in the SBCR under reaction conditions of $265^{\circ}C$, 2.5 MPa, and $H_2/CO=1$ was investigated. The CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) productivity in the reaction were 88.6% and 0.226 $g/g_{cat}-h$, respectively, corresponding to a liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production rate of 0.03 bbl/day. To investigate the FTS reaction behavior in the bench scale SBCR, the effects of the space velocity and superficial velocity of the synthesis gas and reaction temperature were also studied. The liquid oil production rate increased upto 0.057 bbl/day with increasing space velocity from 2.61 to 3.92 $SL/h-g_{Fe}$ and it was confirmed that the SBCR bench system developed in this research precisely simulated the FTS reaction behavior reported in the small scale slurry reactor.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2019

금속산화물/그래핀 복합체는 고감도 가스센서 및 고용량의 이차전지와 같은 첨단 응용 분야에 활용될 수 있는 유망한 기능성 소재로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이산화주석($SnO_2$) 나노구조물을 두 영역 전기로 장치를 이용하여 화학적으로 합성된 그래핀 나노시트 위에 성장시켰다. 대면적의 그래핀 나노시트는 Cu foil 위에 열화학기상증착 장비를 이용하여 메탄가스와 수소가스로 합성하였다. 화학적으로 합성된 그래핀 나노시트는 PMMA를 이용하여 세척된 Si 기판위에 전사시켰고, $SnO_2$ 나노구조물은 그래핀 나노시트 위에 $424^{\circ}C$, 3.1 Torr 조건에서 3시간동안 성장시켰다. 합성된 그래핀의 품질과 성장된 $SnO_2$ 나노구조물의 결정학적 특성을 Raman 분광학으로 확인하였다. 그래핀 위에서 성장된 $SnO_2$ 나노구조물의 표면형상은 전계방출 주사전자현미경으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 합성된 그래핀 나노시트는 이중층 그래핀이었고, 그래핀 위에서 성장된 산화주석은 $SnO_2$ 상을 가지고 있었다. 그래핀 위에서 성장된 $SnO_2$ 나노구조물은 복잡한 표면형상을 나타내었는데, 이것은 Si 기판 위에서 성장된 $SnO_2$ 나노구조물이 nano-dots 형태인 것과 비교된다. 그래핀 위에서 성장된 $SnO_2$ 나노구조물이 복잡한 형상을 갖는 것은 그래핀 표면의 기능기의 영향인 것으로 판단된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2013

Collision cell technology-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CCT-ICP-MS) was used to measure the concentrations of approximately 19 elements associated with airborne PM2.5 samples that were collected from a roadside sampling station in Daejeon, Korea. Standard reference material (SRM 2783, air particulate on filter media) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used for the quality assurance of CCT-ICP-MS. The elemental concentrations were compared statistically with the certified (or recommended) values. The patterns of distribution were clearly distinguished between elements with their concentrations ranging over four orders of magnitude. If compared in terms of enrichment factors, it was found that toxic trace elements (e.g., Sb, Se, Cd, As, Zn, Pb, and Cu) of anthropogenic origin are much more enriched in PM2.5 samples of the study site. To the contrary, the results of the correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 concentrations can exhibit more enhanced correlations with the elements (e.g., Fe, K, Si, and Ti) arising from earth's crust. The findings of strong correlations between PM2.5 and the elements of crustal origin may be directly comparable with the dominant role of those species by constituting a major fraction of even PM2.5 as well as PM10 at the roadside area.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

충북 영동 법화리유적 6호 및 8호분에서 입수한 조선시대 유리구슬 7점에 대한 과학 분석을 수행하였다. 유리구슬 6 점은 포타쉬유리($K_2O-CaO-SiO_2$)계통이며 MgO 및 $Na_2O$ 농도로 보아 원료로서 식물 재를 사용한 것으로 판단된다. CaO 및 $Al2O_3$ 농도는 5% 기준으로 대부분 HCA(High CaO and $Al_2O_3$)로 분류되었다. 이중에서 8호 토광묘의 유리시료는 다른 시료와 $K_2O$ 및 MgO 성분 조성에 큰 차이가 있는데 이는 제조 원료가 서로 다르다는 것을 의미한다. 포타쉬유리의 색깔은 $Fe_2O_3$ 및 CuO의 발색제에 의한 것이다. 또한 유리구슬 1점은 PbO 12%인 납유리(PbO-$SiO_2$)계통이었다. 이 납유리는 현재까지 분석된 납유리의 성분조성과는 큰 차이가 있어 앞으로 지역 및 시대적 납유리의 제작 원료의 배합 비를 검토해야 할 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 1998

Dispersion, migration and enrichment of environmental toxic elements from the Samkwang Au-Ag mine area were investigated based upon major, minor and rare earth element geochemistry. The Samkwang mine area composed mainly of Precambrian granitic gneiss. The mine had been mined for gold and silver, but closed in 1996. According to the X-ray powder diffraction, mineral composition of stream sediments and soils were partly variable mineralogy, which are composed of quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, amphibole, muscovite, biotite and chlorite, respectively. Major element variations of the host granitic gneiss, stream sediments and soils of mining and non-mining drainage, indicate that those compositions are decrese $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $TiO_2$, $P_2O_5$ and LOI with increasing $SiO_2$ respectively. Average compositional ranges (ppm) of minor and/or environmental toxic elements within those samples are revealed as As=<2-4500, Cd=<1-24, Cu=6-117, Sb=1-29, Pb=17-1377 and Zn=32-938, which are extremely high concentrations of sediments from the mining drainage (As=2006, Cd=l1, Cu=71, Pb=587 and Zn=481 ppm, respectively) than concentrations of the other samples and host granitic gneiss. Major elements (average enrichment index=6.53) in all samples are mostly enriched, excepting $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$ and $K_2O$, normalized by composition of host granitic gneiss. Rare earth element (average enrichment index=2.34) are enriched with the sediments from the mining drainage. Minor and/or environmental toxic elements within all samples on the basis of host rock were strongly enriched of all elements (especially As, Br, Cu, Pb and Zn), excepting Ba, Cr, Rb and Sr. Average enrichment index of trace elements in all samples is 15.55 (sediments of mining drainage=37.33). Potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the samples revealed that average enrichment index is 46.10 (sediments of mining drainage=80.20, sediments of nonmining drainage=5.35, sediments of confluent drainage=20.22, subsurface soils of mining drainage=7.97 and subsurface soils of non-mining drainage=4.15). Sediments and soils of highly concentrated toxic elements are contained some pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and goethite.