• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2011

Ground beetle fauna of Mt. Bangtaesan in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do was investigated from June to October in 2010. Ground beetles were collected by pitfall trapping. A total of 34 species of 18 genera belonging to 7 families were identified from 1,041 collected ground beetles. Species richness was high in Pterostichinae (15 species, 44.1%), Carabinae (7 species, 20.6%), Harpalinae (4 species, 11.8%), Nebriinae (3 species, 8.8%) and others (5 species, 14.7%). Dominant species were Synuchus spp. (260 individuals, 25.0%), Aulonocarabus semiopacus (218 individuals, 20.9%), and Pterostichus audax (205 individuals, 19.7%) in order. Korean endemic species were collected 564 individuals belonging to 10 species. By principal component analysis (PCA), species distribution and abundance of ground beetles were different depending on habitat characteristics of vegetation, surrounding environment and feeding habitat. Carabinae and Pterostichinae which live in the forest were preferred in hardwoods and coniferous in the Bangtansan Natural Recreation Forest, while Callistinae and Harpalinae were collected in forest adjacent to grasslands. Overall, differences of habitat environments within forest are important factors associated with distribution of ground beetles. This result will provide useful informations with establishment of conservation program and long-term monitoring against environmental change within mountain by using ground beetles.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

The author studied the soil microarthropoda's fauna, vertical distribution, seasonal fluctuation, and the relationship between the number of soil microarthropoda and environmental factor(pH) in survey area. 3949 soil microarthropoda were collected in survey area. They included Arachnida(48.6%), Collembola(23.5%), Hymenoptera(l9.9%), and Isoptera, etc. Fresh length was the longest(1l3.6 mm) in broad-leaf forest on Mt. Chilgap which is non-industrial complex area, and the shortest(46.8 mm) in pine forest at Yochon industrial complex. The population density of soil microarthropoda was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. The number of soil microarthropoda was higher in Mt. Keryong and Chilgap, non-industrial complex area, than Yochon and Daesan, industrial complex area. The number of soil microarthropoda increased from spring to summer and decreased from autumn to winter. Vertically, soil microarthropoda were more abundant in the second layer subsoil(0∼5 cm) in spring, in the first layer(5∼10 cm) in summer and autumn, and in the third layer(0∼15 cm) in winter. Diversity index was higher in non-industrial area(1.02) than industrial complex area(0.73). Biodiversity index was the highest in the second soil layer, in pine forest on Mt. Keryong(l.60) and the lowest in the third soil layer, in broad leaf-forest, at Daesan industrial complex(0.24).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-38
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• 2012

Located in the middle part of the Korean peninsula, Pyeong-chang and Yeong-wol (Gangwon-do) areas are limestone regions that are important biogeographically showing the peculiar flora. In order to manage efficiently endangered and rare plant species, we have investigated flora of these above regions from March to October, 2010. The result of the investigation showed a total of vascular plants of 1,145 taxa; 134 families, 503 genera, and 1,010 species, 11 subspecies, 110 varieties, 10 forms and four hybrids. Among taxa investigated, endangered species designated by the law called 'Protection Law for Endangered wild fauna and flora' were seven taxa, and 50 taxa were considered to be endemic to Korea. Based on the floristic degrees categorized by the specific distribution of plant species, 24 taxa revealed the floristic degree (FD) V, 30 for FD IV, and 60 for FD III, 45 for FD II and 79 taxa for FD I. The 82 taxa were identified to be naturalized. Of those species investigated in this survey, 53 taxa were identified as specific ones biogeographically as compared to flora of other terrestrial regions; 35 of calcicolous plants, 15 with distribution in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, three with coastal habitats.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2021

According to the character states of nostrils in the Barbatula species comprising 1,366 specimens collected from the major river system in Korea, distribution pattern of the two Korean Barbatula species was reviewed. The taxonomic character related to nostrils in Barbatula was very stable and two character states (widely separated and closely set) were observed in the present materials. B. toni (Dybowski, 1869) with widely separated nostrils distributes in the streams flowing into the East Sea north of Sokcho, Gangwon-do Province; Eogokcheon Stream, a tributary of Namhangang River; and Anseongcheon Stream, Gyeonggi-do Province, whereas B. nuda (Bleeker, 1864) with closely set occurs in most rivers flowing into the Yellow Sea including Nakdonggang River as well as in the Yangyangnamdaecheon Stream, Gangwon-do Province south to Bangyulcheon Stream, Gyeongbukdo Province, flowing into the East Sea as previously reported with some exception. Especially, both Barbatula species were co-occurred in the Yeongokcheon Stream, Gangwon-do Province and Eogokcheon Stream. The present results will provide a useful guide to study the regional fish fauna or fish community analysis as well as to clarify the taxonomical status of the Korean Barbatula species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

We investigated the distribution characteristics of mussels (Mytilus coruscus) growing in the Geomundo sea area by water depth. The research was also conducted to identify the surrounding benthic organisms. Mussels showed high density and low obesity in low water depths. The lower the density, the higher the obesity level appeared in deeper water. The morphological characteristics also appeared to increase as the water depth deepened. In addition, the shell length and total weight were more strongly correlated at a depth of 12 m than at 2 m. The total weight by the growth of the shell length and shell height was affected by the water depth. The analysis showed that the density and biomass of the algae inhabiting the surroundings decreased somewhat as the water depth increased. In benthic animals, the number of mussels tended to decrease slightly at the point where oysters dominated, at a depth of 2 m. Conversely, the number of oysters tended to decrease in deeper water dominated by mussels. Thus, the spatial competition between oysters and mussels was affected by the water depth. Also, mussels did not appear in areas where large algae flourished, suggesting that the survival of mussels was affected by the presence or absence of large algae.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 1999

This study examined the relationship between the sediment pollution and the occurrence of polychaetes in a heavily polluted saltwater lake, Lake Shihwa on the west coast of Korea, separated from the sea by a dike in 1994. The species composition of polychaete assemblage was compared with that found off the lake in Kyeonggi Bay. Environmental variables investigated both in and off the lake were the grain size distribution, chemical oxygen demand(COD) and metal concentrations (Al, Fe, Mn, V, Co, As, Pb, Cr and Cu) in the sediment. We sampled sediments at 10 stations in the lake and 25 stations in Kyeonggi Bay using a modified van Veen grab. The levels of COD, chromium, and copper in sediments were much higher in Lake Shihwa than in Kyeonggi Bay. Differences in the species composition were found along the pollution gradient. An azoic zone was observed in the most heavily polluted area at the upper reach of the lake and the Polydora ligni zone in the center of the lake. Bottom fauna were diverse in Kyeonggi Bay; however, Heteromastus filiformis predominated in the organically enriched sediment. The density of dominant species differed along the pollution gradient. The highest density or H. filiformis was round at the COD level or around 5.8 mg/g. The COD level in the sediment where P. ligni predominated was tow-fold higher than that where H. filiformis occurred in large numbers. The chromium and copper contents at which P. ligni showed a maximum abundance were 120 mg/kg and 127 mg/kg, respectively. The density of H. filiformis was highest at concentrations of 56 mg/kg chromium and 13 mg/kg copper.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.4 s.41
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• pp.169-175
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• 1979

A study on the plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) in JeJu province has been undertaken to know the kinds and distribution of the nemic fauna. The 42 samples taken from 28 kinds of host plants were used. 1. The 22 species belonging to 16 genera in 10 families were discovered in this study and among them Meloidogyne was the most common and widely distributed genus, composing $25\%$, followed by Helicotylenchus $15\%$, Criconemoides $14\%$, Tylenchus $10\%$, Pratylenchus $6\%$, Neolobocriconema $6\%$, Aphelenchus $6\%$, Aphelenchoides $6\%$, Hirshmaniella $3\%$, Heterodera $3\%$ Nothotylenchus $1\%$, Tylenchorhynchus $1\%$, Merlinius $1\%$, Rotylenchus $1\%$ Discocriconemella $1\%$ and Hemicriconemoides $1\%$. 2. The ll species belonging to 10 genera in 7 families such as Nothotylenchus acris, Tylenchorhynchus dubius, Merlinius nothus Pratylenchus minyus, Pratylenchus thornei, Hirshmaniella imamuri, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus erythrinae, Meloidogyne arenaria, Discocriconemella hengsungica and Aphelenchoides besseyi were newly discovered species in JuJu province.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-191
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• 2011

Colonization patterns and community changes in benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cheonggye Stream, a functionally restored stream in downtown Seoul, Korea, were studied from November 2005 to November 2007. Benthic macroinvertebrates were quantitatively sampled 15 times from five sites in the stream section. Taxa richness (59 species in total) increased gradually over the first year, whereas the density revealed seasonal differences with significantly lower values in the winter season and after flood events. The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna may have drifted from the upstream reaches during floods and from the Han River, arrived aerially, or hitchhiked on artificially planted aquatic plants. Oligochaeta, Chironommidae, Psychodidae, and Hydropsychidae were identified as major community structure contributors in the stream. Swimmers and clingers colonized relatively earlier in the upper and middle reaches, whereas burrowers dominated particularly in the lower reaches. Collector-gatherers colonized at a relatively early period throughout the stream reaches, and collector-filterers, such as the net-spinning caddisfly (Cheumatopyche brevilineata), predominated in the upper and middle reaches after a 1-year time period. Cluster analyses and multi-response permutation procedures demonstrated that the Cheonggye Stream shares more similarities with the Jungnang Stream than with the Gapyeong Stream. Detrended correspondence analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling demonstrated that physical environmental factors (depth, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, and pH) as well as nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorous), water temperature, and conductivity could affect the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study streams.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2008

Functional feeding groups (FFGs) of benthic macroinvertebrates are guilds of invertebrate taxa that obtain food in similar ways, regardless of their taxonomic affinities. They can represent a heterogeneous assemblage of benthic fauna and may indicate disturbances of their habitats. The proportion of different groups can change in response to disturbances that affect the food base of the system, thereby offering a means of assessing disruption of ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used benthic macroinvertebrate communities collected at 650 sites of 23 different water types in the province of Overijssel, The Netherlands. Physical and chemical environmental factors were measured at each sampling site. Each taxon was assigned to its corresponding FFG based on its food resources. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) using a backpropagation algorithm, a supervised artificial neural network, was applied to evaluate the influence of environmental variables to the FFGs of benthic macroinvertebrates through a sensitivity analysis. In the evaluation of input variables, the sensitivity analysis with partial derivatives demonstrates the relative importance of influential environmental variables on the FFG, showing that different variables influence the FFG in various ways. Collector-filterers and shredders were mainly influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ and width of the streams, and scrapers were influenced mostly with $Ca^{2+}$ and depth, and predators were by depth and pH. $Ca^{2+}$ and depth displayed relatively high influence on all four FFGs, while some variables such as pH, %gravel, %silt, and %bank affected specific groups. This approach can help to characterize community structure and to ecologically assess target ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.118-128
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• 2005

Surface sediment samples from 31 stations in Jinhae Bay were analyzed to evaluate the pollution by sewage from the spatial distribution of the fecal sterol, coprostanol. The sums of eight sterols (coprostanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta$-sitosterol) were in the range of $2,703-27,154{\cal}ng/{\cal}g$ dry weight. The concentrations of the coprostanol in the sediments, which is a good tracer of sewage-derived organic contamination, were in the range of $76-3,964{\cal}ng/{\cal}g$ dry weight. The levels of coprostanol were much higher (almost one order of magnitude) at stations close to the big cities such as Masan and Jinhae. However, those levels were comparable to or lower than those previously reported in other foreign locations. Some ratios of coprostanol to other sterols and multivariate analysis could provide us with the information on the origin of the sterols being from sewage, plankton, and/or benthos. Those showed sewage dominance at the stations near the cities Masan and Jinhae, plankton dominance at the center of Jinhae Bay and mainly marine fauna origin at the mouth of Jinhae Bay. These results suggest that the contents of sterols and some ratios of these components are quite powerful tracer for the detection of the origin of the organic contaminants in the coastal environments.