• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 1999

Ture diplacement of a fault monement is calculated from the displacement of the index plane such as bedding on an outcrop surface. The input parameters are the orientations of the index, fault, and outcrop planes. It is also necessary to input the orientation of fault striation and the offset distance of the index plane on the outcrop surface. The distances of the total, strike, horizontal and dip slip components of the fault movement are calculated from the input parameters. Hwang(1998) conducted a simlar calculation using trigonoment method. To apply the previous method, the offset distance of the index plane must be measured on a vertical outcrop surface. The calculation method of this study accepts the offset distence of index plane on an outcrop plane of any orientation. Calculation results from both method are indentical, regardless of the simplicity of the new method.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.231-246
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• 1999

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northern part of the Bulguksa fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Bulguksa fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quaternary fan deposits. Bulguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Kyungju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. Thelateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at Jinty village. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S jstrike thrusts it westwrd over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical dispiacements on the high surface along the Bulguksa fault system are about 10.5m at Ha-dong, 9.5-10.5m at Jinhyun-dong, and about 10m at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6m high at Ha-dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.043mm/y.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.293-315
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• 2016

Seismic isolation is often used in protecting mission-critical structures including hospitals, data centers, telecommunication buildings, etc. Such structures typically house vibration-sensitive equipment which has to provide continued service but may fail in case sustained accelerations during earthquakes exceed threshold limit values. Thus, peak floor acceleration is one of the two main parameters that control the design of such structures while the other one is peak base displacement since the overall safety of the structure depends on the safety of the isolation system. And in case peak base displacement exceeds the design base displacement during an earthquake, rupture and/or buckling of isolators as well as bumping against stops around the seismic gap may occur. Therefore, obtaining accurate peak floor accelerations and peak base displacement is vital. However, although nominal design values for isolation system and superstructure parameters are calculated in order to meet target peak design base displacement and peak floor accelerations, their actual values may potentially deviate from these nominal design values. In this study, the sensitivity of the seismic performance of structures equipped with linear and nonlinear seismic isolation systems to the aforementioned potential deviations is assessed in the context of a benchmark shear building under different earthquake records with near-fault and far-fault characteristics. The results put forth the degree of sensitivity of peak top floor acceleration and peak base displacement to superstructure parameters including mass, stiffness, and damping and isolation system parameters including stiffness, damping, yield strength, yield displacement, and post-yield to pre-yield stiffness ratio.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 3차원 유한요소해석을 통하여 단층이 출현하기 직전의 굴진면에서 발생한 최대 수평변위의 변화 양상을 분석함으로써 단층의 자세와 굴진면 내 단층의 출현 위치를 예측하였다. 해석에는 총 28개의 단층 자세 모델이 이용되었다. 순경사를 가지는 단층은 터널 굴착이 진행됨에 따라 굴진면의 상부에서 처음 출현하고, 최대 수평변위가 굴진면 중앙부에서 상부로 이동하는 경향을 보인다. 역경사를 가지는 단층은 굴진면의 하부에서 처음 출현하고, 굴착에 따라 굴진면의 중앙부 또는 중앙 상부에서 하부로 최대 수평변위가 이동하는 경향을 보인다. 또한 최대 수평변위가 이동하는 방향은 순경사 모델의 경우 단층의 경사가 고각일수록 좌측 상부에서 측벽부를 향해 이동하며, 역경사 모델은 단층의 경사가 고각일수록 좌측 하부에서 측벽부를 향해 이동한다. 결과적으로 최대 수평변위는 굴진면 내 단층이 출현하는 위치를 따라 이동하는 경향을 보인다. 따라서 굴착에 따른 굴진면의 수평변위 변화 양상을 분석하여 굴진면 전방에 분포하는 단층의 자세와 굴진면 내 단층이 출현하는 위치에 대한 예측이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2004

The geomorphic deformation of the alluvial fans by tectonic movement was investigated along the lineaments of the northem part of the Ulsan(Bulguksa) fault system. Based on the aerial photographs interpretation and field surveys Ulsan fault system was identified as an active reverse fault which has displaced the Quatemary fan deposits. Buguksa fault system strikes for the direction of NW-SE and N-S. These two lineaments of active fault are crossing at Jinty village in Gyeongju city and the fault plane forms here almost vertical dip. The lateral pressures from the two directions have possibly influenced on the formation of the vertical dip at jinty villagy. It should be resulted from that the two pressures responsible for the active reverse fault at which the one with the NW-SE strike thrusts the hanging wall of Tohamsan block southwestward and the other pressure with the N-S strike thrusts it westward over the foot wall of the fan deposits. The marine oxygen isotope stage 8(0.30-0.25 Ma. BP) and stage 6(0.20-0.14 Ma. BP) are presumed to be the ages of high and middle surfaces of the alluvial fan, repectively. The vertical displacements on the high surfaces along the Bulguksa fault system are about 1.05 m at Ha-Dong, 9.5-10.5 m at Jinhyun-Dong, and about 10 m high at Jinty village. And the vertical displacement on the middle surface was measured about 6 m high at Ha-Dong. The average slip rate of vertical displacements is calculated about 0.03-0.43 mm/y.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

The estimation of recurrence interval for fault activity and earthquake is an important input parameter for seismic hazard assessment. In this study, the methods of recurrences interval estimation were reviewed and tentative calculation was performed for age dating data which have uncertainty. Age dating data come from previous studies of Ulsan fault system which is a well developed lineament in the southeastern part of korean Peninsula. Age dating for fault gouges, parent rocks, Quaternary sediments and veins were carried out by several researchers through various methods. Recurrence interval for fault activity was estimated on the basis of the age dating data of minor fault gouge and sediments during past 3Ma. The estimated recurrence interval was about 430-500 ka. Exact estimation of recurrence interval for fault activity need to compile more geological data and fault characteristics such as fault length, amount of displacement, slip rate and accurate fault movement age. In the future, the methods and results of fault recurrence interval estimation should be considered for establishing the criteria for domestic active fault definition.

• 지질공학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2016

3차원 수치해석을 통해 획득한 터널 굴진면에서의 수평변위와 천단부에서의 변위 특성을 이용하여 굴진면 전방의 단층대 예측 가능 거리를 비교·분석하였다. 굴진면의 수평변위는 천단부에서 가장 근접한 지점의 변위를 이용하였으며, 천단부의 변위 특성을 이용한 단층대 예측방법은 천단침하의 경향선과, L/C (천단부의 축방향 변위/천단침하) 비, C/C₀ (천단침하/평균 천단침하) 비를 이용하였다. 단층이 터널의 굴진방향과 이루는 각도와 경사가 서로 다른 총 28개의 단층 모델을 분석한 결과, 순방향의 경사를 가지는 터널은 L/C 비와 C/C₀ 비를 이용한 방법에서 가장 빨리 단층을 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 역방향 경사를 가지는 터널은 L/C 비와 수평변위를 이용한 방법이 굴진면 전방의 단층을 빨리 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 굴진면 전방의 단층대를 예측하기 위해 이용된 수평변위와 천단침하의 경향선, L/C 비, C/C₀ 비는 대부분의 단층 모델에서 예측이 가능하였고, 굴진면으로부터 일정한 거리와 시간이 경과된 후에 변위 측정이 가능한 일상계측의 단점을 고려할 때 굴착과 동시에 계측을 수행할 수 있는 수평변위를 이용하는 방법이 대안이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

터널설계 및 시공 안정성을 확보하기 위해서는 필수적인 조건은 터널구간에 대한 세부적인 지반조사분석이다. 이러한 지반조사의 중요성은 터널구간에 단층파쇄대 분포와 규모 그리고 지하수 분포에 대한 분석을 위해 필요하다. 그러나 터널구간의 지형조건과 민원 등의 제한조건으로 터널설계시 지반조사를 수행하는데 어려운 경우에는 최소한의 조사를 수행한 결과를 활용하여 터널설계를 수행한다. 따라서 이러한 경우 터널 시공 중 단층파쇄대가 발생하는 경우에는 터널안정성 확보를 위해서 설계변경을 수행하여 보강공법을 결정하게 된다. 터널굴착면에 대한 보강시 가장 중요한 것은 신속한 보강을 수행하여 터널안정성을 확보하는 것인데 특히 굴착면에 지하수 용출이 발생하는 경우에는 더욱 신속한 보강이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 터널굴착면에 단층파쇄대가 존재하고 있고 굴착 후 단층파쇄대로 인하여 변위가 발생한 상태에서 지하수 용출량이 급증한 경우의 붕락사례를 중심으로 단계별 거동특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구대상 터널은 1단계 변위가 수렴되지 않고 지속적으로 발생하여 보강조치를 하였고 그 이후 지하수 용출량의 증가로 인해 변위가 수렴되지 않고 2단계 변위가 발생하여 추가보강 작업중 3단계 변위발생 과정 중 지표면 함몰붕락이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.173-190
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• 2015

This study presents an analytical investigation on the seismic response of a medium-rise buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) under the near-fault ground motions. A seven-story BRBF is designed as per the current code provisions for five different combinations of brace configurations and beam-column connections. Two types of brace configurations (i.e., Chevron and Double-X) are considered along with a combination of the moment-resisting and the non-moment-resisting beam-to-column connections for the study frame. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out for all study frames for an ensemble of forty SAC near-fault ground motions. The main parameters evaluated are the interstory and residual drift response, brace displacement ductility, and plastic hinge mechanisms. Fragility curves are developed using log-normal probability density functions for all study frames considering the interstory drift ratio and residual drift ratio as the damage parameters. The average interstory drift response of BRBFs with Double-X brace configurations significantly exceeded the allowable drift limit of 2%. The maximum displacement ductility characteristics of BRBs is efficiently utilized under the seismic loading if these braces are arranged in the Double-X configurations instead of Chevron configurations in BRBFs located in the near-fault regions. However, BRBFs with the Double-X brace configurations exhibit the higher interstory drift and residual drift response under near-fault ground motions due to the formation of plastic hinges in the columns and beams at the intermediate story levels.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

The Ulsan Fault System continues from north of Gyeongju to Ulsan city, trending NNW-SSE and is about 50 km. Many Quaternary faults have been reported and investigated with outcrop observation. Lineaments have been extracted with aerial photograph interpretation and classified by their ranks. Trench excavations on the lineaments along Ulsan Fault System have been carried out to clarify the neotectonic movements and fault parameters such as the latest movement age, fault displacement, slip rate and recurrence interval. We have compiled data from previous studies on criteria of segment type such as lineament rank, seismicity, slip rate, and the latest fault movement. Based on these data, we tried to devide the Ulsan Fault System into several segments. The results of segmentation with each types of segment along the Ulsan Fault System did not show singular division point but overlapped or different length and location.