• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

Traditionally fatty acid composition used to be analysed by a GC and the sample preparation process includes lipid extraction from sample and subsequent methyl esters preparation, which are time-consuming and cumbersome. As an alternative, simultaneous extraction/methylation methods are being developed for rapid and simplified sample preparation. To optimize one-step extraction/methylation method for analysis of fatty acid composition in brown rice, various reaction factors such as sample to reaction solution ratio, reaction time and temperature, shaking intensity were changed and resultant fatty acid composition data were evaluated in comparison with previous reports. The ratio of sample weight to reaction solution volume was the most critical factor in that higher sample to reaction solution ratio caused overestimation of palmitic acid and linoleic acid composition, resulting in underestimation of oleic acid. Lower reaction temperature also induced overestimation of linoleic acid and underestimation of oleic acid. Reaction duration and the intensity of shaking prior to and during the reaction, however, caused no significant changes in analysis results. In conclusion, the optimum condition was mixing 5 grains (about 0.2 g) of brown rice with $680{\mu}L$ of extraction/methylation mixture and $400{\mu}L$ of heptane, followed by reaction at $80^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2022

모유의 지질대사체에 대한 연구는 축산유래 유제품의 경우와 비교하여 매우 제한적으로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구는 지용성 대사체 연구의 선행연구로서, 모유중 극성 및 비극성 지질 중의 주요 지방산 조성에 대한 세부적 정량법 및 구조동정을 목적으로 수행되었다. 인지질을 포함한 극성 지질과 비극성 지질의 분리를 위하여 silica gel을 활용한 정제법을 개발하였으며, 효과적인 methyl ester 및 pyridylcarbinol ester 유도체화 방법을 적용하여 개별 분획의 세부적 지방산조성을 분석한 결과, 16 종의 필수지방산을 확인하였으며, 이와 함께 29 종의 미량 지방산이 확인되어, 구조 분석을 실시하였다. 측쇄 지방산의 경우, 15-18 개의 탄소를 보유한 iso 및 anteiso 지방산이 주요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2008

Transesterification of fat of Tra catfish with methanol in the presence of the KOH catalyst yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol (GL). The effects of the reaction temperature and reaction time on rate constants and kinetic order were investigated. Three regions were observed. In the initial stage, the immiscibility of the Tra fat and methanol limited the reaction rate, hence this region was controlled by the mass transfer. Subsequent to this region, produced FAME like a co-solvent made the reaction mixture homogeneous, therefore the conversion rate increased rapidly so it was controlled by the kinetic parameters of the reaction until the equilibrium was approached in the final slow region. A second-order kinetic mechanism was proposed involving second regions for the forward reaction. The rate determining step for the overall KOH catalyzed-methanolysis of Tra fat was the conversion of triglycerides (TG) to diglycerides (DG). This rate constant was increased from 0.003 to $0.019min^{-1}$ when the reaction temperature was increased from 35 to $60^{\circ}C$. Its calculated activation energy was 14.379 ($kcal.mol^{-1}$).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2001

These N-acyl amino acid surfactants is normally produced by reaction of acid anhydride with sodium ${\ell}-glutamate$ hydrolysates under Schotten-Baumann condition i.e., in alkaline aqueous medium. To avoid using fatty acid chlorides, acylations were also carried out with the fatty acids themselves or with their methyl esters, but unfortunately these methods cannot be used in practice, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, was to be studied for their suitability as acylating agents the production if acylated glutamine hydrolysates. The surface activities including surface tension forming power, forming stability and emulsifying power were measured. The experimental results revealed that the products have a good emulsifying power. Thus, there derivatives will be expected to be used an emulsifying agent for O/W type cosmetic emulsion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1183-1188
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• 2005

Several lipases of commercial grade were screened to catalyze the methanolysis of castor oil, and an immobilized Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) had the highest activity among the lipases tested. To enhance the yield of methyl ricinoleate, several reaction parameters were optimized. The optimum temperature was $50^{\circ}C$, and the original water content of lipase was sufficient to maintain the activity of lipase, and additional water supplied inhibited the methanolysis of castor oil. Because the lipase was deactivated by methanol, the reaction was tested by three-step addition of 1 molar equivalent of methanol to the oil. However, the oil was not completely converted to its methyl esters. The final reaction mixture using 3 molar equivalents of methanol to the oil consisted of $70\%$ methyl ricinoleate, $18\%$ monoricinoleate, $11\%$ diricinoleate, and trace triricinoleate at the equilibrium state. The yield of methyl ricinoleate was $97\%$ at 6 molar ratio of methanol to the oil with 300g of castor oil and 6g of immobilized Candida antarctica at $50^{\circ}C$ within 24 h.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.595-602
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• 1998

소수성부의 탄소수가 12~18인 고급지방산의 알파술폰화반응은 고급지방산 메틸에스테르와 $SO_3$의 몰비가 1:1.3이고, 반응온도 $70{\sim}90^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 불활성 가스와 $SO_3$의 혼합된 기상술폰화 반응에서 97% 이상 높은 수율로 알파술폰화 생성물을 얻었다. 파이롯 제조공정에서 탈색 및 중화 공정에 있어서 공업적 합성공정의 조건을 밝히므로서 공업적 제조 이용에 참고가 되도록 하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.705-709
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Coix Lachryma-Jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf. on the proliferation of L1210 cells and immune cells. The hexane fraction of Coix Lachryma-Jobi decreased the proliferation of L1210 cells and induced DNA fragmentation of L1210 cells. Also, the fraction decreased the cell viability of murine thymocytes and splenocytes, but increased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters decreased the proliferation of L1210 cells and induced DNA fragmentation of L1210 cells. The main components of the fraction are fatty acid and their derivatives. These results indicate that Coix Lachryma-Jobi has a cytotoxicity on tumor cells and immune cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Proteins and lipids not only provide a source of energy to the cell, but also play vital roles in modifying the physical properties and function of the biological membranes. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical constituents, viz. proteins and lipids, in growing oocytes of goat antral follicles during summer and winter seasons. Goat genitalia in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) were brought to the laboratory within one hour of slaughter under aseptic conditions at $37^{\circ}C$. Oocytes were aspirated from normal small (<3 mm in diameter) and large (>3 mm) follicles and pooled for biochemical estimations. A significant increase in the amount of protein and lipid was observed with the growth of the oocyte. The amount of protein varied non-significantly with the season, while the amount of lipid varied significantly. The amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride increased with the growth of the oocyte, but no significant effect of season in these constituents was observed. Lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and sterols were the polar lipids identified in both oocytes prepared from small follicles (small oocytes) as well as large follicles (large oocytes). In addition, the small oocytes also contained phosphatidyl serine, while large oocytes contained phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol. Among non-polar lipids, triglycerides and long chain alcohols appear only in small oocytes and not in large oocytes. Monoglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides and o-dialkyl glycerol ethers, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and wax esters were identified in both small and large oocytes. Information on biochemical composition of growing oocytes is relevant to oocyte and embryo competence, culture and cryopreservation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the flavoral essential oil components in the stems of Agastache rugosa. These components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The stems of Agastache rugosa were contained alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acid esters, and terpenoids. The peak area (%) of estragole was highest among its oil components and the next were pulegone and menthone. The terpenoid alcohols found were 1-octen-3-ol, chavicol, spatulenol, 3-hexen-1-ol, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, methyl eugenol, and octaethyllene glycol. The stems also contained ketones such as pulegone, menthone, cis-isopulegone, 2-cyclohexene-1-one, 3-octanone, 1-cyclohexanone, isoindole-1-one, t-ionone, inden-2-one, as well as the aldehydes of 4-methoxycinnam and benzaldehyde. The following esters were also detected 1-isopulegone-3-yl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, acetate and benzendicarboxylic acid ester. The terpenoids in the stems were identified as caryophyllene, limonene, cyclohexasiloxane-D, germacrene-D, anethole, cadinene, muurolene, and bourbonene. Overall Agastache rugosa contained several functional oil components including phenylpropanoids and terpenoids as flavoral essential oil components for natural aromatherapy.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.705-708
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• 2001

지방산제거방법으로 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하고자 지방산의 초임계 이산화탄소에 대한 용해도률 조사하였다. 추출온도와 압력을 실험변수로 하여 각 지방산의 용해도를 측정한 결과 $35-50^{\circ}C$, 80-120atm의 범위에서 초임계추출이 이루어졌으며, oleic acid의 용해도는 약 1.7x10-4 mole/mole of $CO_2$이었다. 당 에스테르의 효소적합 성공정으로 초임계법을 적용하였는 바, 반응시간 24시간 후 약 67%의 전환율을 얻을 수 있었다.