• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 1977

The Korean origin edible oil sterol part of the rape, sesame and perilla oil can be separated from the other constituents of the non-saponifiable fraction, by the thin layer chromatography on the preparative Plates. The composition of sterols have been determined by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatographic anlysis. Two sterols, ${\beta}$-sitosterol and campesterol were present in all of the oils. And brassicasterol were found in rapeseed oil in addition to the two sterols that were common to all of the oils studied. It was noted that ${\beta}$-sitosterol was the major sterol in the Korean original edible oils. The results showed that contents of sterols were campesterol 24.31%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 58.90% ana Brassicasterol 11.54%, and $\Delta^7$-sterol 5.25% by method of triangulation and campesterol 26.16%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 57.50%, brassicasterol 11.70% and ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 4.64% by method of Planimetry of rape seed oil. By sesame seed oil sterol compositions were campesterol 20.35%, stigmasterol 9.15%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 43.49%, ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 11.25% and others 15.76% by method of triangulation and campesterol 16.79%, stigmasterol 8.69%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 44.58%, ${\Delta}^7$-sterol 14.28% and others 15.56% by method of planimetry. Campesterol 12.45%, stigmasteriol 5.40%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 72.32% and ${\Delta}^7$-Sterol 9.83% by method of triangulation-and campesterol 13.00%, stigmasterol 3.76%, ${\beta}$-sitosterol 74.57% and ${\Delta}^7$ sterols 8.67% by method of planimetry of perilla oil. Contents of totalsterol in Korean edible oils were 0.82% by rape, 0.58% by sesame and 0.45% by perilla, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1417-1422
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• 2011

The effects of a 12-week weight reduction program applied to obese women at a community health center were studied. Middle aged women participated in the beginning of the program, but 34 persons finished the study (85% completion). Subjects practiced belly dancing three times a week for 60 minutes (60~85% HR max) per session, and nutritional education was carried out four times during the 12 week program. The weight, %body fat, and BMI significantly decreased by 5.6%, 9.5%, and 5.6%, respectively. The concentrations of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were also significantly reduced by 13.5%, 9.5%, and 10.4%, respectively. Insulin level was reduced by 19.8%, thus lowering the HOMA-IR index. Leptin level significantly was reduced by 32.35%, adiponectin concentration. Total ROS concentration increased while total antioxidant capacity in serum remained unchanged. In conclusion, a 12-week 'Obesity Clinic Program' belly dancing and nutritional education held at a Community Center seemed to have health-promoting effects through reducing body fats, plasma lipids, and improving insulin resistance.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 1969

Sea-divers(woman) are living in coastal villages and their principal daily work is to dive into sea water in order to get sea-weeds, pearls etc. They are able to be stayed inside the water for a relatively long period and at the same time have a hard physical work during the period. Besides these works, they work also on farms and in homes in their rest time. Hwa-Jeon-Min('fire-field' farmers) are living in higher mountainous areas (plateau areas) and they burn off the ground for cultivation and obtain the crops on which they are living. Usually, they are far apart from cities and markets. The above mentioned two groups are special social groups in this country, consequently are interested in their food and nutritional habbits. The summarized surveyed results are as follows (See the Tables 1, 2, and 3). 1. In case of Sea-divers(woman): a. Staple foods are cereals, vegetables, and fishes and shell-fishes. These foods occupy 40%, 15%, and 24% respectively of all the foods intaken. b. Relatively large amount of protein and fat are intaken. Especially animal protein shows 64% of total protein intaken. c. Intake of vitamin $B_2$ is low but all other nutrients are intaken in relatively good amount. 2. In case of Hwa-Jeon-Min ('fire-field' farmers): a. Staple foods are cereals, potatoes, and vegetables. These foods occupy 61%, 19%, and 14% respectively of all the foods intaken. b. Intaken amount of animal foods is only 7 grams and this figure is only 0.1% of total foods intaken. c. Intake of animal protein is 0.4 to 0.6 grams per day and that of fats is 8 to 10 grams only. d. Intake of carbohydrate is very high. The calorie derived from the carbohydrate is 86% of total calorie intaken. e. Intakes of calcium, vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, and niacin are low. Especially, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_2$ are deficient from their food habbits.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important components of brain phospholipds and play important role (s) in brain function. In rats, the maximum brain growth occurs during the period of lactation even though it happens during the third trimester of gestation in human. Since milk contained docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) even through the maternal diet had no DHA and/or a very small amount of its precursor, $\alpha$-linolenic acid ($\alpha$-LnA), an emphasis was given to maternal adipose tissue as a reservoir of this fatty acid. We, therefore, investigated the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissues for their fatty acid composition in dams reared with different fat diets. Diets containing various amounts of $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids were given to adult female rats (200-250g) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods. Diets were composed of 10% (wt/wt) corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), perilla seed oil (PO) containing about 60% $\alpha$-LnA, or fish oil (FO) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The fatty acid ompositions of mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were measured and evaluated at Day-2 and Day-15 after parturition. In general, major characteristics of dietary fatty acid composition was reflected on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues. Dietary fatty acid composition was reflected more on mesenteric fat as compared to subcutaneous fat. Mesenteric fat was found to contain less arachidonic acid (AA) and mesenteric fats of CO, SO and PO groups contained less DHA than did the subcutaneous fat. The P/M/S ratios of adipose tissues were similar between experimental groups while dietary P/M/S ratios differed significantly. It was noticeable that a small proportion of DHA was found in the adipose tissues of animals of CO, SO and PO groups (Day-2) and in SO and PO groups (Day-15), the groups which do not contain DHA in their diets. The percentage of DHA in mesenteric fat o CO, SO and PO groups decreased as lactation continues, while the proportion of DHA in FO group increased. Adipose tissues of FO group had higher DHA/EPA ratio as compared to the diet. Considering the fact that the body contains a large amount of adipose tissues, our present finding suggests that the adipose tissue can serve as a reservoir of DHA for pregnant and lactating rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2020

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a typical chronic disease in children, is an allergy disease that is highly associated with food. Thus, attention to food intake is needed to prevent and manage it. Therefore, we analyzed differences in food and nutrient intakes depending on AD status in under 12-year-old children. Methods: A total of 2,690 participants were enrolled in this study from the combined 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were divided into an AD group and normal group (non-AD group). General characteristic, food and nutrients intakes, and prevalence of insufficient and excessive nutrient intake were analyzed using χ² test and regression analyses. The AD odds ratio (OR) for insufficient and excessive nutrient intakes was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Food and nutrient intakes were not significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups. However, the ratio of calcium intake to recommended nutrient intake was about 70% in both groups, which can be attributed to the overall lack of calcium intake among Korean children. There were no differences in energy or nutrient intakes between the groups, but compared with Korean Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, the appropriate intake ratios of fat and vitamin C in the AD group were higher than those in the non-AD group. The AD OR decreased when fat was consumed at above appropriate levels and vitamin C was consumed at lower or excess levels. Conclusion: In children, AD may be related to the nutrient intake ratio of fats and vitamin C, and we speculate that these results were affected by dietary restrictions for AD management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.558-574
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• 2014

The number of fatty liver patients is sharply growing due to the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome, which can lead to diseases such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Early diagnosis requires examinations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), wherein quantitative analyses are implemented through a professional water-fat separation method in many cases, as the intensity values of the areas of interest and non-interest are considerably similar or the same. However, such separation method generates inaccurate results in high magnetic fields, where the inhomogeneity of the fields increases. To overcome the limits of such conventional fat quantification methods, this paper proposes a field map estimation method that is effective in high magnetic fields. This method generates field maps through echo images that are obtained using the existing IDEAL sequences, and considers the wrapping degree of the field maps. Then clustering is performed to separate calibration areas, the least square fits based on the region growing method schema of the separated calibration areas, and the histograms are adjusted to separate the water from the fats. In experiment results, our proposed method had a superior fat detection rate of an average of 86.4%, compared to the ideal method with an average of 61.5% and Yu's method with an average of 62.6%. In addition, it was confirmed that the proposed method had a more accurate water detection rate of 98.4% on the average than the 88.6% average of the fat saturation method.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status and food habits according to obese index of high school girls in seoul. Average height, weight, obesity rate, BMI and R hrer index of subjects were 160.2cm, 52.3kg, 96.3, 20.3 and 1.27, respectively. The average food habit score of subjects was 44.17 Subject's conceived ideal weight was lower than ideal body weight. Energy, carbohydrate, fats and protein intake of subjects were 1804kcal, 70g, 41g, 272g, respectively. Subjects had lower intake of energy, calcium, iron, thiamin, reboflavin and niacin. Nutrient intake showed positive correlation with educational level of parents, monthly family income, meal times, snack times and food habit score.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.864-872
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders ($27.0{\pm}2.1years,\;173.5{\pm}5.0cm,\;8.3{\pm}0.61%$ body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters ($20.9{\pm}2.1years,\;171.8{\pm}6.9cm,\;7.6{\pm}0.98%$ body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes ($26.9{\pm}2.5years,\;175.3{\pm}5.7cm,\;8.5{\pm}0.95%$ body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was $18.0{\pm}1.7$ hrs/week for body builders and $14.6{\pm}8.7$ hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were $2583.6{\pm}874.8kcal\;(31.9{\pm}11.9kcal/kg)$ for bodybuilders, $3565.9{\pm}1281.8kcal\;(42.7{\pm}15.0kcal/kg)$ for weight lifters and $2016.0{\pm}955.3kcal\;(28.1{\pm}13.9kcal/kg)$ for non-athletes (p=0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was $1.9{\pm}1.2g/kg$ of BW for bodybuilders, $1.6{\pm}0.6g/kg$ of BW for male weight lifters and $1.1{\pm}0.69g/kg$ of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

This study was executed for utilizing it as basic data in appropriate recycling way and design by examining and analyzing various characteristics of food waste which is being discharged from various restaurant and apartment house. In general, there were differences in restaurants classification and Japanese restaurant showed big differences as compared to other restaurants. Vegetable had the highest composition and its contents had big difference according to seasons. In alien substances, oyster shells were the highest and restaurants showed high rate of alien substances than apartments, therefore it was required to divide them in advance. Salinity was the highest in Japanese restaurants and most restaurants had rate of up to 1%, so it was not appropriate for recycling. However, it was considered that if there is cleaning operation in the whole process, there might not be a problem. Feed Ingredient had 28% of fiber, 25% of protein, and 11% of fats. We analyzed noxious germs and heavy metal too. However microorganisms of etiological cause were not detected and each harmful material showed less values of control concentration. In the result of analysis of each characteristic, it is required to consider collection rate from restaurants and apartments and seasonal cause into design regarding recycling. And apartments are compatible to compost than feed and food waste from Chinese, flour restaurant and collective feeding facilities are compatible for feed, as it is evaluated.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.11-23
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• 1978

This study is based on data from the nutritional and clinical survey in Chung Nam area, namely Myl-Yang-Ri, Yoon-Gok-Myon, Chyung Yang Koon. Under the direction of two Nutrition professors and two clinical pathology professors it was carried by 35 Dae Jeun medical Junior College students majoring in nutrition and clinical pathology from 18 July to 25 July 1978. The nutrition surveys were carried out with subjects in village from a total 67 households, 36 of them were randomly selected. The clinical surveys were carried out with subjects in village from a total 382 inhabitant, 154 inhabitant were randomly selected and 109 peoples were subjected to stool examination. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1) Nutritional survey a) Food Intake The average food intake per person per day in survey area was 929.9 grams (95.5% in vegetables and 4.5% in animal foods). The average consumption of the basicfood groups per person per day was 965g for meats and legumes (10.4% of the total food in take). 268.9g for fruits and vegetables (29% of the total food intake), 559.1g for cereals and potatoes(60.1% of the total food intake), 5.2g for milk and small fishes and 0.2g for fats and oils. b) Nutrient Intake The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2054.1 kcal and 61.2g for total proteins, 223.2mg for calcium, 9.5mg for iron, 4914.4 IU for vitamin A, 1.5mg for thiamin, 1.2mg for riboflavin, 19.9mg for niacin and 54.7mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for Korean, the calories and nutrients intakes were insufficient. Especially the intakes of the calcium were lower than the recommended allowance which are 500 milligrams per day. c) Kinds of food stuffs consumed The kinds of food stuffs consumed by the subjects were 47 figures total. Generally these kinds of food were vegetables food. 2) Clinical Survey a) The mean value of hemoglobin from 72 males was 13.2g/dl, that of 82 females was 12.3g/dl. b) The proportion of low hemoglobin (<12.2g/dl for male and <11.3g/dl fo female) for male was 20.8%, females was 11.0% and from 24 male & female (both sexes) were 15.6% c) The mean value of Hematocrit of males was 39.6%, that of females was 37.4%. d) The mean value of MCHC of males was 33.9%, that of females was 33.6%. e) The ABO blood group was distributed as following; 30.5%, for group O, 29.2% for group A, 24.0% for group B, and 16.3% for AB group. Biochemical race index was 1.13. f) The over all prevalence rate of heminthic infectious by rate of each helminth was as following; Ascaris lumbricoides 33.9%, Thrichocephalus trichiurus 11.9%, Hookworm 0.9%, Hymenolepis diminuta 0.9%, Trichostromgylus orientalis 0.9% and the prevalence rate of two more helminthic infection was 7.2%.