• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2006

A Pd-Cu-Ni alloyed hydrogen membrane has fabricated on porous nickel support formed by nickel powder. Porous nickel support made by sintering shows a strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and thermal fatigue. Plasma surface modification treatment is introduced as pre-treatment process instead of conventional HCl wet activation. Nickel was electroplated to a thickness of $2{\mu}m$ in order in to fill micropores at the nickel support surface. Palladium and copper were deposited at thicknesses of $4{\mu}m$ and $0.5{\mu}m$, respectively, on the nickel coated support by DC sputtering process. Subsequently, copper reflow at $700^{\circ}C$ was performed for an hour in $H_2$ ambient. And, as a result PdCu-Ni composite membrane has a pinhole-free and extremely dense microstructure, having a good adhesion to the porous nickel support and infinite hydrogen selectivity in $H_2/N_2$ mixtures.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of snoring frequency in the diagnosis and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Patients who underwent polysomnography with one or more of the following characteristics were included: 1) sleepiness, non-restorative sleep, fatigue, or insomnia symptoms; 2) arousal due to cessation of breathing or the occurrence of gasping or choking when waking up; and 3) habitual snoring, breathing interruptions, or both, noted by a bed partner or other observer. We analyzed the differences in clinical and polysomnographic variables between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea and investigated the associations of those variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Results: One hundred ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria, and 145 of the 193 patients were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that large neck circumference (p = 0.0054) and high snoring index (p = 0.0119) were independent predictors for obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, between the obstructive sleep apnea severity groups, there was a strong tendency of difference in body mass index (p = 0.0441) and neck circumference (p = 0.0846). However, there was no significant difference in snoring frequency according to obstructive sleep apnea severity (p = 0.4914). Conclusions: We confirmed that snoring frequency is a predictor of obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, we showed for the first time that snoring frequency is not associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity, thus it is not a valuable marker for predicting obstructive sleep apnea severity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.340-347
• /
• 2013

This paper studied the causes of job stress of driving crews working in Metropolitan Transit Authorities in Daejeon, Daegu, Seoul Metro Line 9, and Incheon, analyzing psychological, physical, and environmental factors, along withdriving crews' assignments. Regarding driving crews' assignments, it was found that driving crews had strong senses of obligation for their job, and hence their aptitude for their job was in accordance, and also it was found that most driving crews worked devotedly with a desirable occupational view and pride. However, psychological and physical factors that contributed to stress were identified: lack of sleep, high task burden, physical fatigue, and boring daily life. Furthermore, the driving crews' irregular working conditions and irregular meal time and burden related to on-time transit service with prolonged immobilization raised their stress levels. In terms of external environmental factors, it was found that driving crews' anxiety due to possible accidents caused a roughly four-fold increase in stress levels compared to other factors. Furthermore, personnel system and salary issue were also found to be closely related to the driving crews' job stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.335-341
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Chemically strong-acids (HF and $HCl/H_2SO_4$) dual etching implant surfaces have higher strengths of osseointegration than machined implant surfaces. However, the dual acid treatment deteriorates the physical properties of the titanium by weakening the fatigue resistance of the implant and causing microcracks. The removal torque comparison between the dual-acid etched (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, HS) and single-acid etched implants (hydrochloric acid, H) could reveal the efficiency of implant surface acid treatment. Materials and methods: Nine $3.75{\times}4mm$ dual-acid etched SLA implants and nine single-acid etched SLA implants were inserted into New Zealand rabbit tibias. After 10 days, removal torque, roughness, and wetting angle were measured. Results: Mean removal torque values were as follows: Mean removal torque were 9.94 Ncm for HS group and 9.96 Ncm for H group (P=.995). Mean surface roughness value were $0.93{\mu}m$ for HS group and $0.84{\mu}m$ for H group (P=.170). Root mean square roughness (RSq) values were $1.21{\mu}m$ for HS group and $1.08{\mu}m$ for H group (P=.294), and mean wetting angle values were $99^{\circ}$ for HS group and $98^{\circ}$ for H group (P=.829). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the removal torques, roughness, or wetting angles of the two groups. Conclusion: In this experiment, we found no significant difference in removal torque, roughness, or wetting angle between dual-acid etched and single-acid etched implants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze the effect of pillow height on upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle activity and overall human body comfort to determine the optimal pillow height. METHODS: The study included 32 healthy college students, of both genders, who provided prior consent. It examined three pillow heights (flat, 6cm, 12cm) and measured the upper trapezius and SCM muscles using ultrasonography, myotone, and electromyography(EMG). Muscle activation, thickness, and fatigue were assessed. RESULTS: The study found significant differences in muscle thickness and muscle tone based on the pillow heights (flat, 6cm, and 12cm) with a p < .05. The SCM and upper trapezius muscles were thinnest at a pillow height of 6cm. Muscle tone in the SCM was lower at both 6cm and 12cm pillow heights. Post-hoc measurements showed significant differences in both the SCM and upper trapezius muscles thickness at the 6cm pillow height (p < .05). Also, significant differences in muscle tone were observed only in the SCM, particularly between the 6cm and 12cm pillow heights. CONCLUSION: The ultrasonography and myotone measurements showed a significant difference in muscle thickness and muscle tension, both of which were above 6cm, while there was no difference in muscle activation. Based on the strong correlation between muscle tension and muscle thickness with pillow height, this study concluded that the human body feels comfortable with a 6cm pillow height. Therefore, it is recommended to use a pillow height of 6cm when lying in a supine position.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation Among Sasang Constitutional Disease and Examination of the pulse. I have gone over literatures of mainly ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon${\lrcorner}$ and the others Oriental Medical book was studied about the Pulse Diagnosis. And then I came to get some conclusion as follows. 1. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Superficial Pulse and the Superficial+ Moderate Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ceongunggyegitang(천궁계지탕) and Gunggyuhyangsosan(궁귀향소산) can be used. 2. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage blood disease symptoms of wulkwang disease(울광증) ; when the Minute+deep Pulse is made a diagnosis, Palmulgnnjatang(팔물군자탕) and Guakhyanggeonggisan(곽향정기산) can be used. 3. Soeumin(소음인) the initial-stage symptoms of mangyang disease(망양증) ; when the Yang region Superficial Pulse and the Yin region Weak Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hwanggigyegitang(황기계지탕), Bojungikgitang(보증익기탕) and Sengyangikgitang(승양익기탕) can be used. 4. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of taeum disease(태음증) ; when the Minute Pulse and Deep+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 5. Soeumin(소음인) the symptoms of soeum disease(소음증) ; when the Minute+Thin Pulse, Deep Pulse and Thin+Deep+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 6. Soyangin(소양인) Wind of soyang disease(소양상풍증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangpaedogsan(형방패독산) can be used. And when the Deep+Full with strong power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hyungbangdojeoksan(형방도적산) can be used. 7. Soyangin(소양인) the symptoms of mangyeum disease(망음증) ; when the Superficial+Large+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbangsabaeksan(형방사백산) can be used. And when the Wiry+Thin Pulse is made a diagnosis, Hungbanggiwhangtang(형방지황탕) can be used. 8. Soyangin(소양인) the chest-phrenic fever syndrome(흉격열증) ; when the Superficial Pulse, Flood+Full+Rapid Pulse and Flood+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 9. Soyangin(소양인) the after fever syndrome(음허오열증) ; when the Empty+Soft+Rapid Pulse is made a diagnosis, Sasang Prescription can be used. 10. Taeumin(태음인) the upper neck exterior disease caused by Cold(배추표병) ; when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight Pulse is made a diagnosis, Mawhangbalpoytang(마황발표탕) can be used, And when the Superficial and Superficial+Tight with strong power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Ungdamsan(웅담산) and Handayulsotang(한다열소탕) can be used. 11. Taeumin(태음인) the Coldness syndrome in esophagus(위완한증) ; when the Superficial+Tight Pulse with weak power on left hand Pulse is made a diagnosis, Taeumjowetang(태음조위탕) can be used. 12. Taeumin(태음인) the Dryness-Heat syndrome(조열증) ; when the Flood+Large Pulse, Long Pulse and Long+Large Pulse is made a diagnosis, Galgeunhaegitang(갈근해기탕) can be used. And when the Tight+Full+Rapid Pulse with deep region is made a diagnosis, Yuldahansotang(열다한소탕) can be used. And when the Superficial+Slippery Pulse is made a diagnosis, Chungsimyunjatang(청심연자탕) can be used. 13. Taeumin(태음인) the symptoms of Yin-blood Exhaustion(음혈모갈증) ; when the Superficial with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Nokyongdaebotang(녹용대보탕) can be used. And when the Deep with weak power Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gongjinheukwondan(공진흑원단) can be used. 14. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Lumbar vertebrae disease(외감경증) ; when the Superficial+Hollow Pulse is made a diagnosis, Gunshitang(건시탕) can be used. 15. Taeyangin(태양인) the Generalized and Fatigue syndrome(해역증) ; when the Moderate+Choppy Pulse with left hand chi region(척맥) is made a diagnosis, Ogapijangchuktang(오가피장척탕) can be used. 16. Taeyangin(태양인) a slight Small Intestine disease(내촉경증)

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2010

Recently, people have been suffering from stress-related fatigue and psychological disorders. Most people depend on medicine for pain relief; many treat pain also through alternative medicine or replacement therapy. However, drug therapy has many side effects, including increased stress after the therapy. In comparison, alternative therapies such as massage and foot reflexology are less damaging to the body, and such therapies can be provided without physical or psychological discomfort. In this regard, the author had previously co-developed color foot reflexology, which combines the merits of color therapy and foot reflexology; color foot reflexology has been shown to have beneficial effects without undue pain. This study investigates the effects of color foot reflexology on the physiological response of the body by comparing the body’s response to the signal with that to the placebo. Healthy adult subjects were selected for the experiment, which was conducted under optimal experimental conditions and design. The results indicated that when stimulated, parasympathetic nerves increased in HRV and that blood pressure, pulse, body heat, peripheral blood flow were dramatically activated. However, the results for the placebo indicated minimal changes or irregular outcomes. The results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of the color foot reflexology instrument on the autonomic nervous system and on the physiological response of the body. Future research is warranted to verify the results of the current study by examining patients suffering from diseases and disorders arising from irregular physiological functions in the context of the foot.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2015

Purpose: purchasing status and understanding trends of Functional progressive addtions lenses buyers', Correlation analysis of the Binocular Function value to determine ADD then can be apply sales and prescriptions. Methods: Years 2011 to 2014, 298 patients who were prescribed functional progressive lenses were analysed based on the prescription data and SPSS (Ver. 20.0) was treated using the statistics. Results: Results: The average age of our customers are $27.66{\pm}11.55$ years, average addition power is $+0.73{\pm}0.36D$, customers are using take a prescription of ADD $+0.75{\pm}0.28D$ was the highest 44.33% to 132 people. Near point of convergence of 276 people (92.62%) was mostly less than 10 cm, and near point of accommodation of 134 people (44.97%) was also below 10 cm, within 11~15 cm were 122 people (40.94%). Most of people were within normal range in terms of Near point of convergence and near point of accommodation, near point of accommodation tend to be longer than Near point of convergence. As you can see this result shows most of customers need extra help in their near point of accommodation instead of they are leak at it. FCC (Fused cross cylinder) check Value and ADD (addition power) tests showed that the value of a strong correlation (p=0.00), NPC and NPA were also p=0.001, the correlation of the NPC and ADD is p=0.003, In addition, NPA and ADD also showed a significant correlations (p=0.005). Near Point of Accommodation, negative relative accommodation, and positive relative accommodation are all significantly correlated (p=0.00). The short distance-related variables of the ADD which are NPC, NPA, Age, also appeared to side correlate significantly with each other. Conclusion: Binocular function values of the subjects were highly correlated with each other so precise examination is required. when Age young people are working at short distance, low ADD values was prescribed for solving discomfort. So, in the case of early presbyopia, accommodative insufficiency, or people feel fatigue when they often working at near although their accommodation function is normal, when functional progressive lenses are prescribed, expectation of this should be exactly notified.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.33
• /
• pp.243-271
• /
• 2016

When an aggressive war reached at the climax in 1940, a commemorative event called celebration' was held on a large scale in Japan for 'beginning former 2,600 years. It was performed for the policy that was going to break off the fatigue that was tired for nation dissatisfaction and war for the politics. I considered Urayasu-no-mai Dance played as part of a celebration event in a Shinto shrine of the all over Japan how was created and spread by this article Urayasu-no-mai Dance was created newly and was played in Shinto shrines of the whole country. The Urayasu-no-mai Dance was created based on Gagaku and Miko Mai (shrine maiden's dance) that has been read aloud not to go out of the ancient times. It was created in the situation of the war and spread and was spread. It will be said that Urayasu Dance is a typical example of 'forged traditional'. Urayasu Dance is a tradition made at modern time and remains for an unfortunate inheritance used again by the advertising tool of the national ideology. The Urayasu-no-mai Dance is expanded more now, without enough consideration about the historic procession other words, It played under a strong-arm society atmosphere is placed as new folk performing arts all too soon. In the complicated world situation at the time, Urayasu-no-mai Dance that emphasized a Japanese tradition for the inside and outside were spread. Urayasu-no-mai Dance created in modern times substitutes a traditional shaman dance, and there is even the tendency that ritual performing arts peculiar to each local Shinto shrine is unified to Urayasu-no-mai Dance. Such a movement shows a new aspect of the culture power that social turning to the right in Japan is not unrelated to becoming it. It is a traditional reinvention, or do you forge the tradition? I examined a process of a process and the spread of traditional creation produced consistently.