• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1583-1587
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilizer application on the content of functional materials, such as fatty acids and organic acids in perilla leaves. (1) As compared to the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer, the yield of Perilla frutescens leaves increased by 7.3% and 12.8% of biomass at 2000 and 1000 times liquid respectively, but decreased by 7.6% at 500 times. The lipid and protein contents of perilla leaves were higher than those of Portunus trituberculatus liquid at 1000 times. The average contents of minerals (mg/100g) were as follows; K (638.4) > Ca (561.6) > P (145.4) > Mg (133.5) > Fe (36.2) > Zn (1.9) > Mn (1.6) > Na (1.4 mg). However, the correlation between the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid was relatively low. (2) The fat-soluble vitamin E content of P. frutescens leaves was 3.4, 3.9, 3.3, and 3.9 mg in the controlled with liquid by 500, and 1000, 2000 times respectively; Vitamin A contents were 6.4, 8.9, 10.9, and 8.5 mg respectively, which was more than twice as much as the corresponding vitamin E content. The water soluble vitamin C contents were 177.9, 172.6, 195.2, and 163.5 mg respectively. (3) Amino acid contents of P. frutescens leaves in 100 g of fresh weight were 3821.7 mg in the controlled with Ammonium sulfate fertilizer and 3918.8, 4054.0, and 4005.4 mg in the controlled with P. trituberculatus liquid at 2,000, 1000, 500 times respectively. Amino acid contents of each controlled group with P. trituberculatus liquid above were as small as 2.5~6.1%, and these contents of amino acid were as follows: Glutaminic acid > Aspartic acid > Leucine > Arginine > Phenylalanine. In further study, it is necessary to develop an effective microorganism and a variety of amino acid fertilizer to supplement the study on new manufacturing.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.817-826
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• 2005

Recently it has been reported that vitamin A and retinol binding proteins (RBPs) in blood and urine were changed in the condition of diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia. Fruits and vegetables are recommended to consume for the people suffered from these chronic degenerative diseases. The main components of fruits and vegetables are dietary fibers, for example cellulose and pectin, of which function to affect the absorption and excretion of dietary fat and fat-soluble substances. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on RBPs mRNA expression in liver, small intestine and serum of rat fed high fat diet during 4 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 121g on average, were divided into four groups; (Control; $17\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet, HF0: $25\%$ fat & fiber free diet, B:.Uc: $25\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet and HF0: $25\%$ fat & pectin supplement diet) . The rats fed high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) tended to consume the food less than the control group, but FER of HF0 groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) . The weight of adrenal gland in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) was significantly less than the control. Total lipid in feces daily excreted and in liver did not show any significant differences among the groups. Total cholesterol in HFP group was significantly different from that of HFC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in other group tended to lower than other groups and HDL cholesterol higher. Consequently, AI (atherogenic index) was the lowest in HFP group. Vit A contents in feces daily excreted tended to lower in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFP) compared to the control group. That content in adrenal gland was the lowest in HF0 group, but not in liver. In HFP group were down-regulated cRBPI mRNA in liver and cRBPII mRNA in small intestine and up-regulated RBP and transthyretin expression in serum compared to the other groups. In conclusion, dietary fibers, especially pectin, in high fat diet might down-regulate the expression of CRBP I, CRBP II mRNA in liver and small intestine, but increase the secretion of RBP into serum and therefore inhance the bioavailability of Vit A through the body. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 817$\sim$826,2005)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.918-923
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• 2011

This study was aimed to investigate the nutritional components such as proximate content, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber of Euonymus sieboldiana leaves. The leaf sample used was fresh material produced in April in the Republic of Korea. As a result, the fresh leaf sample contained 10.30% crude carbohydrates, 7.42% crude proteins, 0.69% crude fat, and 1.46% crude ash, including a high amount of potassium (0.73%). The total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber content was 8.77%, 7.60%, and 1.17%, respectively. Vitamin C was found to be 44.53 mg% using colorimetric analysis. We regarded E. sieboldiana as a potential health food material because of its abundant nutritional components like potassium, dietary fiber, and vitamin C.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1990

SPF wistar계 랫트를 이용하여 Vitamin A(VA)의 과잉 투여 ($40{\times}10^4IU/kg$)에 의한 최기형성 대하여 ethanol(E) 2g/kg을 임신 9일부터 임신 11일까지 3일간 경구로 병용 투여한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.임신 모체의 영향에 있어서 $VA{\times}E$ 병용 투여군이 대조군 및 VA 단독투여군에 비해 유의한 체중증가의 억제를 보였다. 2. 태자 사망율은 VA+E 병용 투여군이 VA 단독 투여군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었고 (p<0.05), 태자의 평균 체중은 VA+E 병용 투여군에 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었으며(p<0.01), VA 단독 투여군과의비교에서도 유의한 감소를 보였다. (p<0.05). 3. 외표기형의 발생율은 VA 단독투여군에 비해 VA+E 병용투여군이 증가되어 나타났다. 발현된 기형의 특징은 귀위치이상, 부이(복이), 안검개존, 소구증, 단악증, 구개열 등이다. 이상의 경과에서 Vitamin A의 과잉투여에 의한 최기형성에 ethanol이 상승적으로 작용함을 알 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.446-450
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• 2000

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of water soluble vitamins and retinoic acid on the differentiation of preadipocyte from omental, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue of Hanwoo. Differentiation was assessed by the change in enzyme activity, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase in serum free cell culture system. Preadipocytes treated with biotin ($10{\mu}M$) and pantothenic acid ($100{\mu}M$) were significantly (p<0.05) less differentiated than those from the control in all adipose tissue depots except intramuscular tissue. Although there was no significance, vitamin C was shown to stimulate the adipocyte conversion in omental and subcutaneous, but not in intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues. Lower values of GPDH activity in intermuscular preadipocyte were interpreted to be caused by relatively higher amounts of protein. In this experiment vitamin C did not stimulate fat deposition in intramuscular adipose tissue but further experiments are needed on the role of vitamin C in preadipocyte differentiation. When treated with different levels of retinoic acids, differentiation of preadipocytes was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from the level of $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ in omental and intermuscular, from $50{\mu}g/ml$ in subcutaneous, and in intramuscular at $500{\mu}g/ml$, thus showing that intramuscular preadipocytes were least responsive to retinoic acid in differentiation. All-trans retinoic acid appeared to inhibit the differentiation in a dose dependent manner, regardless of adipose tissues type.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

This study is to investigate biochemical compositions of two species of marine microalgae, Chlorella ellipsoidea of Chlorophyta and Tetraselmis suecica of Prasinophyta, and to assess their potential antimicrobial activities. Crude protein, lipid and carbohydrate for C. ellipsoidea were $43.15\%$, $12.63\%$ and $13.09\%$, respectively, and those for T. suecica were $44.95\%$, $4.80\%$ and $24.05\%$, respectively. The major amino acids of the two micro algae were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine and proline, and no significant difference between the amino acid compositions of both micro algae was observed. The major sugars for both microalgae were glucose, galactose and mannose, and glucose contents showed the highest level, $58.70\%$ for C. ellipsoidea and$57.86\%$ for T. suecica. The major mineral contents of both micro algae for 100g were Ca (3,114mg in C. ellipoidea and 3,389mg in T. suecica) and followed by Na (2,881mg), K (548mg) and Mg (545mg) for C. ellipsoidea and Na (1,832 mg), Mg (1,510mg) and K (548mg) for T. suecica. In the content of ATP-related compound, hypoxanthine in C. ellipsoidea and IMP in T. suecica were absolutely dominant compounds. The highest content of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea was 20:4, $27.15\%$ and that in T. suecica was 18:3 (w-6), $18.10\%$. In case of physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6), both microalgae possessed just trace amounts but was rich in arachidonic acid (20: 4). Vitamin content in both microalgae was significantly high in choline and inositol. In antimicrobial activity by water- and fat-soluble fraction of the micro algae, hexane extract in the fat-soluble fraction of C. elliposidea inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by $96\%$ bactericidal activity and tetrachlorocarbon extract of T. suecica indicated relatively excellent antimicrobial activity $(81\%\;bactericidal\;activity)$ against Escherichia coli. Hot water extract among water-soluble fraction of both micro algae almost suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by $96\%$ bactericidal activity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 2003년 7월에서 2004년 6월까지 충청도와 전라도 지역에서 집유한 원유의 비타민 A, E, $B_l$ 및 $B_l$ 함량을 1년간 분석함으로써 우유에 함유된 비타민의 최근 동향 및 계절적 변화를 조사하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 이 중 지용성 비타민 A와 E의 함량에는 계절적 변화가 있었으며, 비타민 A의 경우 봄($3월{\sim}5월$)은 $35.1{\sim}59.0{\mu}g/100mL$로 평균 $44.4{\mu}g/100mL$, 여름($6{\sim}8월$)은 $36.7{\sim}65.6{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $50.0{\mu}g/100 mL$, 가을($9월{\sim}11월$)은 $28.7{\sim}61.2{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $46.8{\mu}g/100 mL$이었으며, 겨울($12월{\sim}2월$)은 $29.9{\sim}57.8{\mu}g/100mL$로 평균 $43.1{\mu}g/100 mL$를 나타내어 우유 중 비타민 A함량은 여름철이 가장 높고, 겨울철이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 비타민 E의 경우 봄($3월{\sim}5월$)은 $28.3{\sim}59.2 {\mu}g/100 mL$ 로 평균 $45.8 {\mu}g/100 mL$, 여름($6월{\sim}8월$)은 $39.6{\sim}69.9 {\mu}g/100mL$로 평균 $58.8{\mu}g/100 mL$, 가을($9월{\sim}11월$)은 $35.0{\sim}62.8{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $46.2{\mu}g/100 mL$이었으며, 겨울($12월{\sim}2월$)은 $26.0{\sim}55.4{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $41.5 {\mu}g/100 mL$이었다. 분석결과에서 알 수 있듯이 원유 중 비타민 E함량은 여름철이 가장 높고, 겨울철이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 수용성 비타민 $B_l$과 $B_2$의 경우는 계절에 따른 변화가 없었으며(p<0.05), 비타민 $B_l$의 경우 봄($3월{\sim}5월$)은 $27.7{\sim}57.9{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $42.84{\mu}g/100 mL$, 여름($6월{\sim}8월$)은 $32.4{\sim}66.1{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $49.39{\mu}g/100 mL$, 가을($9월{\sim}11월$)은 $34.1{\sim}63.7{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $46.69{\mu}g/100 mL$이었으며, 겨울($12월{\sim}2월$)은 $20.6{\sim}61.4{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균$43.26{\mu}g/100 mL$로 측정되었다. 비타민 $B_2$의 경우는 봄($3월{\sim}5월$)은 $150{\sim}182{\mu}g/100 mL$ 로 평균 $166{\mu}g/100 mL$, 여름($6월{\sim}8월$)에는 $145{\sim}185 {\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $163 {\mu}g/100 mL$, 가을($9월{\sim}11월$)은 $149{\sim}180{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $166{\mu}g/100 mL$이었으며 겨울($12월{\sim}2월$)은 $148{\sim}190{\mu}g/100 mL$로 평균 $167{\mu}g/100 mL$로 측정되었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.213-229
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구는 시력발달에 중요한 시기인 성장기에 있어서 영양소 섭취가 시력에 미치는 영향과 상관성을 분석하였으며, 이와 관련하여 소득 상위집단과 소득 하위집단의 청소년을 대상으로 굴절력과 상관성을 갖는 영양소를 조사하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 보건복지부가족부 질병관리본부에서 시행한 2010 국민건강영양조사 자료를 기준으로 하였으며, 탄수화물과 지방은 2010 국민건강영양조사의 기준이 불분명하여 식약청이 제시한 330 g과 51 g을 기준으로 하였다. 영양소의 분류는 크게 다량영양소(에너지, 식이섬유, 단백질, 탄수화물, 지방), 지용성 비타민(비타민 A), 수용성 비타민(비타민 C, 리보플라빈, 나이아신), 미량무기질(철), 다량무기질(칼슘, 인, 나트륨, 칼륨), 수분으로 굴절력과 비교분석 하였다. 결과: 전체 소득수준 상에 해당하는 328명을 대상으로 영양소 섭취의 평균과 굴절력과의 상관성을 조사했다. 지방의 영양소의 경우 6~18세를 대상으로 하루 권장섭취량(112~540 g)에 2~10배보다 적은 $54.21{\pm}32.60$ g을 섭취하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 지방의 섭취량과 굴절력은 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 나타냈다(우안: p=0.033, 좌안: p=0.029). 전체 소득수준 하에 해당하는 대상자 309안을 대상으로 영양소 섭취의 평균과 표준편차 값 그리고 굴절력과의 상관성을 조사하였다. 인은 $1118.75{\pm}501.98$ mg으로 높은 섭취량을 나트륨은 $3705.24{\pm}2089.42$ mg으로 하루 평균 권장섭취량 보다 약 3배 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 다른 다량무기질 영양소와 달리 굴절력과 p=0.031의 상관성을 나타내었다. 결론: 시력발달에 중요한 성장의 시기에 다양한 영양소의 균형 잡힌 고른 섭취 및 좋은 식습관은 건강한 성장과 더불어 건강한 시력을 유지하는데 충분히 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1885-1895
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• 2020

Vitamins and minerals categorized as micronutrients are the essential components of animal feed for maintaining health and improving immunity. Micronutrients are important bioactive molecules and cofactors of enzymes as well. Besides being cofactors for enzymes, some vitamins such as the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A and D have been shown to exhibit hormone-like functions. Although they are required in small amount, they play an influential role in the proper functioning of a number of enzymes which are involved in many metabolic, biochemical and physiological processes that contribute to growth, production and health. Micronutrients can potentially have a positive impact on bone health, preventing bone loss and fractures, decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation. Thus, micronutrients must be provided to livestock in optimal concentrations and according to requirements that change during the rapid growth and development of the animal and the production cycle. The supply of nutrients to the animal body not only depends on the amount of the nutrient in a food, but also on its bioavailability. The bioavailability of these micronutrients is affected by several factors. Therefore, several technologies such as nanoparticle, encapsulation, and chelation have been developed to improve the bioavailability of micronutrients associated with bone health. The intention of this review is to provide an updated overview of the importance of micronutrients on bone health and methods applied to improve their bioavailability.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2000

한국산 인공재배 천만의 동결건조 분말은 수분 2.12%, 조단백질 4.41%, 조지방 1.20%, 조회분 2.25%, 조섬유 4.60%, 무질소물 85.15%로 분석되었다. 환원당 함량은 2.66%였으며 유리당은 glucose 13.14mg/g, sucrose 10.81mg/g, fructose 8.69mg/g 함유되어 있었다. 지방산은 11종이 검출되었으며 포화지방산이 18.69%, 불포화 지방산이 81.31%였으며 포화 지방산으로는 palmitic acid가 11.55%, 불포화 지방산으로는 linoleic acid가 63.13%로 가장 높았다. 그 외 불포화 지방산으로는 cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid가 6.42%, linolenic acid가 4.33%를 차지하였다. 유기산으로는 oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid 등이 분리되었고 succinic acid의 함량이 1,238mg%로 가장 높았고 다음은 citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid의 순이었다. 분리된 18종의 총 아미노산중 aspartic acid가 522.8mg%로 가장 높은 함량을 차지했으며 taurin, hydroproline, alanine, threonine등이 존재했으며 taurin, hydroproline, alanine, threonine등이 존재하였다. 39종의 유리 아미노산 중 arginine이 15.01mg%로 가장 함량이 높았으며 asparagine, proline, sarcosine 순이었다. 총 페놀의 함량은 821.4mg%이었고 조사포닌의 함량은 3,738mg%를 나타내었다. 수용성 비타민으로는 ascorbic acid가 6.40mg%, 비타민 B1이 1.23mg%, 비타민 B2가 1.74mg% 함유되어 있었으며 지용성 비타민으로는 비타민 A가 1.22mg%, 비타민 E는 0.32mg%로 미량 함유되어 있었다.