• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.32
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• pp.189-220
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• 2013

It is expected that interests and supports for 'the creative economy' will increase considerably since the establishment of the Park Geun Hye Administration. According to a report with respect to its cultural policy handed in by the Minister of Culture to the president on March 28, 2013, the administration will set up a basic plan of establishing regional fusion-typed laboratories including such genres as story telling, animations, games, cartoons, performances, etc. in May this year, and opening contents Korea laboratories across the country by the first quarter in 2014 as part of its core task. Furthermore, it will focus on implementing such policies for training professional manpower as creative mentoring programs, expansion of education for field employees and expansion of a creative education for young students, including a plan to train 1,000 creative contents talents by 2017 as described in the report. Since the Comics Promotional Law took effect in August 2012, the Korea Culture and Content Agency and the Comics Industry have been establishing the third plan for medium and long term development of the comics industry together. One of the most important policy is about training professional manpower. "Joint Business with Creative Talents," in which the amount of 4.5 billion won was invested, has already been implemented, and "Support Business for Field Employees of Comics Creating Enterprises," in which the amount of 0.6 billion won was invested, has been performed so far through the Korea Comics Contents Agency upon the request of the Comics Industry. The government's plan to train professional manpower is interlocked with its foundation and employment policies, and thus, this will be a good opportunity for colleges and universities that have comics related majors, especially for those that need proper measures for bring their graduates a chance to get a job. Accordingly, it seems that if the government develops more aggressive policies, reflects this on the third medium and long term development plan of the comics industry, and then organizes policy and study meetings led by the learned societies to implement this, it will be able to generate a significant synergy effect. This Article will concentrate on first examining the flow and patterns of the policy to train special manpower by the comics industry, the Ministry of Culture and related institutions since the establishment of the Comics Promotional Law, analyzing some problems in the first and second medium and long term development plan of the comics industry to be implemented from 2003 through 2013 and the third medium and long term development plan to be announced in June 2013 to train professional manpower, and then suggesting an effective direction and some alternatives to train professional manpower in universities in a medium and long term way.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2005

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has drawn increasing attention as medical community has become to be aware of its co-morbidities and complications, especially cardiovascular complications and excessive daytime sleepiness with accident proneness. As of now, polysomnography is the standard tool to diagnose sleep apnea and estimate the treatment validity. However, its being rather expensive and inconvenient, alternate diagnostic tools have been proposed including wrist actigraphy. So far, actigraphies have been adopted usefully to field-survey sleep apnea prevalence. In this study, we attempted in a sleep laboratory setting to assess the supplemental value of actigraphy in diagnosing OSAS. Methods: This study was done at the Division of Sleep Studies, the Seoul National University Hospital. Thirty-seven clinically suspected cases of OSAS underwent the one-night polysomnography, simultaneously wearing an actigraphy on non-dominant wrist. We analyzed the data of 27 polysomnographically-proven OSAS patients (male：female 20： 7；age $47.6{\pm}12.9$ years old；age range 23 to 72 years) with no other sleep disorders. We calculated RDI (respiratory disturbance index) from the polysomnography data and FI (fragmentation index) from the actigraphy data. Pearson correlation was calculated in order to compare FI with RDI and to evaluate the supplemental diagnostic value of the actigraphy. Results: Mean total sleep time on polysomnography was $401.4{\pm}57.8\;min$ (range of 274.0 to 514.1 min). Mean RDI was $21.7{\pm}20.4/hour$. Mean FI was $21.9{\pm}13.0/hour$. RDI and FI showed significant correlation (r=0.55, p<0.01). Conclusions: Wrist actigraphy in OSAS patients generates a comparable outcome to polysomnography, in measuring the nocturnal sleep fragmentation. The actigraphy could be used supplementally in inpatients, outpatients, and field survey subjects, if polysomnography is unavailable or impossible. In follow-ups related with nasal CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), upper airway surgery, and oral appliance in OSAS patients, the actigraphy might play a more dominant role in the future.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 1996

Objective : Cavitary lesion in pulmonary tuberculosis sometimes makes problems in the course of treatment. Especially, retreatment cases tend to respond poorly to current antituberculosis agents. So, authors tried to render a guideline for clinical approach toward cavitary lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods : Retrospective analysis of 33 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with cavitary lesions was made. All the patients had got treatment at National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1995 to Aug. 1995. Results: The ratio between male and female was 10:1. Age distribution was 69.7% in 3rd and 4th decades. The locations of cavitary lesion were 60.6% in right upper lung field and 36.4% in left upper lung field. In the extent of disease, there were 12 cases(36.4%) in moderate advanced and 21 cases in far advanced. Cavitary lesions were closed in 5 eases and remained in 28 eases. In the cases of closed cavity, it was happened within $10.6{\pm}4.72$ months after they took treatment, the size of cavity was $35.5{\pm}17.1$ in long diameter, $27.0{\pm}12.2$ in short diameter and $4.6{\pm}2.1\;mm$ in wall thickness. In the cases of remained cavity, the size of cavity was $31.9{\pm}12.3$ in long diameter, $21.0{\pm}9.8$ in short diameter and $5.04{\pm}2.0\;mm$ in wall thickness. In terms of negative conversion, it took $3.8{\pm}2.17$ months in the case of closed cavity but it was happened within 5 months for only 4 patients in the case of remained cavity. In the point of past medication history, there was none in closed cavities but there were none in 1 case, once in 3 cases, two times in 9 cases and more than three times in 13 cases among remained cavitary lesions. Conclusion : In the retreatment cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with cavitary lesions, they tend to respond poorly to current antituberculosis agents. So, if the lesions are localized, operative intervention may be a proper method as adjunctive treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.603-619
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• 1997

The use of laser in the treatment of soft tissue minimizes hemorrhage, provides better view of the operating field, and thereby minimizes operating time. Also, there will be far less post-operative swelling, pain and scar formation, and sterilizing effect are shown in some portions of the wound site. All these advantages of laser therapy contribute to its widespread use in the field of medicine and dentistry. Regarding such facts, we used CO2 laser of different watts in gingivectomy for white rats to compare initial healing process. For the control group, the least amount of output in performing gingivectomy(4watts) was offered, and for the experimental group, 6watts was given. Animals were sacrificed on the second, third days, 1 weeks, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after operation, and their specimens were histologically analyzed. The following results were obtained: 1. Blood clot of small size was observed in both the control and experimental groups after two days, and no more thereafter. 2. In both the control and experimental groups, the inflammation zone size was the greatest after two days, and it decreased gradually to become almost invisble by the second week. The experimental group showed larger size of inflammation zone during second and third days: however, there was no difference after one week. 3. Granulation tissue in both the control and experimental groups showed gradual maturation with time, and by the second week, it was almost replaced by normal connective tissue. By the third week, complete healing pattern was observed. The experimental group showed larger granulation tissue than the control group until the third day, but there was no significant difference after one week. 4. In both the control and experimental groups, gingival epithelialization began on the second day. After one week, regeneration of rete peg and partial formation of junctional epithelium were observed: by the second week, keratinization of oral sulcular epithelium began, and it was completed by the third week.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.315-319
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• 2005

To obtain low switching field ($H_{SW}$) we introduced amorphous ferromagnetic $Co_{70.5}Fe_{4,5}Si_{15}B_{10}$ single and synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) free layers in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The switching characteristics for MTJs with structures $Si/SiO_2/Ta$ 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe 7/AlOx/CoFeSiB 7 or CoFeSiB (t)/Ru 1.0/CoFeSiB (7-t)/Ru 60 (in nm) were investigated and compared to MTJs with $Co_{75}Fe_{25}$ and $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$ free layers. CoFeSiB showed a lower saturation magnetization of $560 emu/cm^3$ and a higher anisotropy constant of $2800\;erg/cm^3$ than CoFe and NiFe, respectively. An exchange coupling energy ($J_{ex}$) of $-0.003erg/cm^2$ was observed by inserting a 1.0 nm Ru layer in between CoFeSiB layers. In the CoFeSiB single and SAF free layer MTJs, it was frond that the size dependence of the $H_{SW}$ originated from the lower $J_{ex}$ experimentally and by micromagnetic simulation based on the Landau-Lisfschitz-Gilbert equation. The CoFeSiB SAF structures showed lower $H_{SW}$ than that of NiFe, CoFe and CoFeSiB single structures. The CoFeSiB SAF structures were proved to be beneficial far the switching characteristics such as reducing the coercivity and increasing the sensitivity in micrometer to submicrometer-sized elements.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 1987

The study was performed to investigate the effect of gaseous emissions of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride on the growth of rice plants under stressed field conditions consisting of 88 industrial plants operating with 285 smoke stacks emitting pollutants. As for the relationship between yields and yield components it is believed that the panicles per hill is the single most important component affecting the rate of yield of the rice plant. Based on the standard partial regression coefficient analysis, panicles per hill has the largest contribution to yield and the average contribution of 54%. Other components such as spikelets per panicle, percent fertility and 1000 grain weight are also contributing factors to yield, although far less so. Fluorine content in the leaf appear to have more negative effect on panicles per hill, percent fertility and subsequent overall yield than does sulfur content in the leaf. It is constantly observed and interesting to note that fluorine and sulfur content in the leaf appears to have no effect on spikelets per panicle and 1000 grain weight. Reduction in yield seems to be affected mainly by panicles per hill which are, in turn, affected more by fluorine content in the leaf as demonstrated by the standard partial coefficient analysis. Regarding the prediction sum of the square of the regression equation, the lowest value was found when nine variables were used for the analysis. The variables taken into consideration were the monthly sulfur and fluorine content in the leaf as well as the monthly percent of leaf damage during the months of June, July and August. A significant correlation is found between the actual and predicted yields by the regression equations selected as a result of a prediction sum of the square analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2015

Under the premise that parks have been a performing field of welfare ideology that benefits the citizen from the past, the present study began with a basic question on what substance a park has and how it has worked. Therefore, this study tried to find out the theoretic background that can explain the roles of a park as an instrument for welfare, of which topic is currently being discussed, and examine how the ideology in the debate regarding welfare characteristics of parks are differentiated from those of social welfare. In addition, this study divided the process of development of parks defined by Galen Cranz in an attempt to view how welfare benefits offered by parks have changed in their development and looked into the roles and types of welfare functions that parks provided to the citizens under a certain social situation by period. Furthermore, the characteristics and development of the ideology underlying a welfare park were examined by function and element in its progression. The results of this study are as follows. The functions that parks have performed so far can be classified into three categories. First, they have a remedial function. Parks have given direct services to 'the socially disadvantaged' such as relief, fostering, and rehabilitation. Second, parks have played a preventive function. They aim to reinforce the functions of individual, family, group, and community. Third, they have exerted a developmental function. They function to promote change of society in a way for it to contribute to social development. Looking into the roles and functions of parks from the perspective of their beneficiary class and benefits, the following were discovered. First, the beneficiaries of welfare characteristics in parks have expanded to the general public from the poor class, and the benefits of parks have spread into the public including the underprivileged in a real sense. Second, the significance of welfare characteristics in parks has also changed from literal benefits to caring for basic human rights. Third, the purpose of welfare characteristics in parks has changed from providing minimal conditions to optimal conditions. At its beginning, the ideology of welfare in parks remained ideal, confining itself to their idealistic characteristics; but as time went on, they created several social benefits in response to various social demands, developing into a field where welfare ideology manifests and is realized in an active manner. Furthermore, it was witnessed that the parks and welfare of the present times are standing at the point of contact for participation and universal well-being. The present study reconsidered the meaning and value of parks from perspective of them as a provider of welfare benefits as well as examined how the welfare ideology of parks is connected to practice. By doing so, this study discovered the various roles, values, and ideology that parks should bear in the future. Therefore, this study is expected to be a good example for future research related to the topic.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

The objectives of this study are to determine the primary yield components responsible for yield differences in a subtropical environment of the Hunan province China and in a temperature environment of Honam province Korea. Field experiments were conducted in a subtropical environment in Hunan province China during 2002 and in a temperate environment in Honam province Korea during 2003. Seven rice cultivars were grown under optimum crop management in each experiment field. Yield, yield components and plant dry matter were determined at maturation. The highest yield (567 kg/10a) was produced at Honam province by Jinyou 207, a Chinese cultivar, The maximum yield at Hunan province was 453 kg/10a by Sanyou 63. On the average across cultivars, Honam produced 23% greater yields than Hunan. Sink size (spikelets per $m^2$) was responsible far these yield differences. Panicle number per $m^2$ was much greater at Honam.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.519-532
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of galactic plane toward molecular motion and kinematics in the northern filament (NF) of Orion Molecular Clouds Complex (OMC) using $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0) line. Observed data were from three areas including NF1, NF2, and NF3 in far-out order from galactic plane, for a total 270 hours by Seoul National University Radio Astronomy Observatory (SRAO) 6m telescope, with 2arcmin spatial resolution. galactic plane and OMC NF were connected to each other along the magnetic field at a density of 3% for $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1) and 9% for the case of dust. $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0), $^{12}CO$ (J=2-1), and interstellar dusts were distributed uniformly in NF3, but only in certain regions with relatively high density in NF1 and NF2. NF showed a single structure, partial shrinking motion in NF1, and rotational motion at the bottom of NF2, and spiral rotation associated with magnetic field only in NF3. The position-velocity analysis showed that the materials including $^{12}CO$ (J=1-0) could flow toward galactic plane along NF2 and NF3. However, there was no clear cause for the material to flow toward galactic plane in this result. Further detailed observation for rotational motion at the top of NF1 and NF2 might help to confirm it.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.49
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• pp.39-71
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• 2012

This paper examines Jang Hyeongwang's cultural awareness and the way of practice by focusing on his spirit of humanities in relation to the understanding of territory and bibliographic materials. In fact, this starts from conflicting evaluations on Jang Hyeongwang's way of learning in the field of Korean history. Jang Hyeongwang emphasizes realization of humanity, which is considered as basic framework of culture. He claims the indivisibility of Dao(道) and culture(mun文) by arguing that almighty principle of Dao manifests itself through phenomena of culture. In other words, Dao is the root of culture and, at the same time, culture is the necessary element of making Dao valuable. Furthermore, he insists that realization of human culture is the gist of manifesting the pattern of nature. In this vein, the roles of human beings are so important in creating humanistic civilization. He considers all kinds of human affairs as the contents of humanistic culture, which are contained in six classics. Especially, He says that the moral is reality of human culture and that literature is a literal expression of humanistic spirit. Thus, he criticizes that there are literatures without moral practices. He pays a special attention to his indigenous culture. He links the cultural understanding of geography, which is the foundation of realizing humanistic spirit, to awareness of Korean territory and grasps the territory in the light of topography of geographic power. Thus, he defines it as "Central Field" which bears comparison with China (middle kingdom). With the positive understanding of his country, he insisted that Korean indigenous culture and custom are as much advanced as China and was so proud of the moral characters and norms that Korean people had formed so far. Moreover, Jang truly exhibited affection to Korean literature, which had formed through Korean history. Kim Hyu, one of his students, activates Jang's will to preservation of Korean culture. Over twenty years, Kim completed Collected Record of Korean Literatures(haedong munhon ch'ongnok 海東文獻總錄). Actually, he started the preparatory works for compiling them. We should keep in mind that this compilation was completed following Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. It means that he has cultural awareness of preserving Korean literal heritages. Hence, it can be evaluated as the results of the enhancement of national studies. We have seen that He truly highlights realization of humanistic spirit by insisting the practices of moral values. In fact, his mind is linked to genuine affection to Korean territory, culture and literatures. Such affection can be paraphrased as moral awareness of humanity and its practices. In conclusion, his humanistic spirit should be understood as strong belief on universality of human morality. His cultural awareness of homeland and the will to practices should be considered as cultural pride of Korean intellectual traditions rather than following Chinese culture blindly.