• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of odonata communities as habitat types in Wonju City, Korea. The 33 plots were installed at 4 types of biotope like abandoned paddy fields, natural type reservoir, natural type river and forest valley in Wonju city. From the survey, the 9 family and 38 species were identified. As the result of comparative investigation of the species composition of each habitat through TWINSPAN analyzing, the difference of species composition was definite in abandoned paddy field, natural type reservoir and forest valley, however, it was uncertain in natural type river. The dominant species and the subdominant species of each habitat were mainly Sympetrum frequens and Sympetrum infuscatum but the distributions of Paracercion hieroglyphicum, Epophthalmia elegans, and Anax parthenope julius were different as haibtat types. The order of the index of species diversity was not different between abandoned paddy fiedls, natural type reservoir and natural type river, but forest valley was low. The abandoned paddy field was shown the most diverse spawning type of odonata, it is considered that hydrophyten play an important role in the abundant of odonata since the sorts of odonata spawning in plants are majority. As the result of analyzing interspecies relationship, Crocothemis servilia mariannae and Orthetrum albistylum, Crocothemis servilia mariannae-Platycnemis phyllopoda, Lyriothemis pachygastra-Sympetrum parvulum are shown the positive correlation, however, they have a difference in preferred habitat between high correlation species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.837-846
• /
• 2012

Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading type of cancer in Mexican women. Genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of P450 system, have been reported in BCa. In this report, and for the first time in the literature, we analyzed the rs3735684 (7021 G>A), rs11553651 (15016 G>T) and rs56195291 (60020 C>G) polymorphisms in the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes in patients with BCa and in healthy Mexican women to identify a potential association between these polymorphisms and BCa risk. Patients and controls were used for polymorphism analysis using an allelic discrimination assay with TaqMan probes and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Links with clinic-pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard ${\chi}^2$ or Fisher exact test statistic. No significant differences were observed in the distributions of CYP2W1 (OR 8.6, 95%CI 0.43-172.5 P>0.05; OR 2.0, 95%CI 0.76-5.4, P>0.05) and CYP4F11 (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.01-8.4 P>0.05) genotypes between the patients and controls. Only the CYP8A1 CC genotype was detected in patients with BCa and the controls. All polymorphism frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the controls (P>0.05). We found a significant association between BCa risk and smoking, use of oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, hyperglycemia, chronic diseases, family history of cancer and menopausal status in the population studied (P<0.05). Tobacco, oral contraceptive or HRT, chronic diseases and obesity or overweight were strongly associated with almost eight, thirty-five, nine and five-fold increased risk for BCa. Tobaco, obesity and hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of BCa in the patients carrying variant genotypes of CYP2W1 (P<0.05). These results indicate that the CYP2W1 rs3735684, CYP4F11 rs11553651 and CYP8A1 rs56195291 SNPs are not a key risk factor for BCa in Mexican women. This study did not detect an association between the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes polymorphisms and BCa risk in a Mexican population. However, some clinico-pathological risk factors interact with CYP2W1 genotypes and modifies susceptibility to BCa.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 1999

Until recently, the etiology of schizophrenia was generally attributed to abnormalities in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Specifically, an excess of dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system has been postulated to produce the positive symptoms, while decreased dopaminergic activity in the mesocortical system has been suggested to cause negative symptoms. Accordingly, we performed an association study of schizophrenia with TH gene. Three hundred and seventy four biologically unrelated schizophrenic patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital affiliated with Catholic university of Korea were recruited for our study. The 393 healthy controls were volunteers for DNA library of Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital without personal or family history of psychiatric and neurologic illness. DNA was extracted from peripheral mononuclear cells and polymorphic region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. TH intron 1 VNTR polymorphism was typed by silver staining. The allele distributions of TH gene were not different between schizophrenics and controls. However, the frequency of allele A was significantly higher in positive group than that of negative group of schizophrenics. These findings suggest that poitive schizophrenia may be associated with allele A of TH gene.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.41
• /
• pp.200-231
• /
• 2008

This study content-analyzed Korean cable television programs aired from Feb. 6 to Feb. 19, 2007, focusing on the contextual variables linked to violent acts. A total of 657 PAT's (perpetrator-action-target) in the 68 programs sampled were analyzed for characters' age, sex, type, relationship, and motivation, humorization, punishment for their violent acts, and finally reality of violence. According to the results, (1) most violence occurred among male characters, who were at their ages between 20 and 39; (2) more than half of the total violent acts happened among acquaintances including family members; (3) anger, retaliation, personal or group interest, and violence for fun were ranked at the top tiers of the motivation list; (4) most violences were overlooked without punishment; (5) and about 80% of the whole violence were realistic. In terms of program types, (1) female perpetrator and victims appealed more often in drama than the other genres; (2) violence among acquaintances and simple fun as motivation were prevalent most in entertainment programs; (3) every violent act in children's programs was done by unrealistic characters. According to the analysis by program ratings, (1) while least violence appeared in '19 and older', all of the violent acts were portrayed as realistic; (2) humorization were most prevalent in the 'everyone' rating; (3) and female perpetrators and victims appealed most in the programs rated as '15 and older'. Generally, various contextualized violences displayed different distributions according to program types and ratings. The qualitative features of the current findings about cable television violence provide a fundamental data for future studies, which will explore the subsequent effects of violent media contents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze community structure and species composition of Pinus densiflora for. erecta Stand in Mt. Cheonchuk (653 m). Field survey was carried out from June to September in 2013. 74 plots (20×20 m) were set up, 5 herb layer plots (3×3 m) were constructed for each plot, and there, Diameter at Breast Heigh t(DBH), height, environmental factor, annual growth were measured. Vascular plants were surveyed as following; 66 family, 165 genus, 211 species, 2 sub species, 29 variety, 6 form 248 taxa. Results of cluster analysis for P. densiflora for. erecta forest, 3 communities were divided into; Quercus mongolica (P-1), Quercus variabilis (P-2) and Quercus aliena-Stephanandra incisa (P-3). There were significant environmental factors that organic layer, annual growth, CEC, total total nitrogen, organic matter and pH for each community. As a result of DCA, P-1 and P-2 were distributed large range of environmental factors but relatively limited in P-3. Distributions of herb layer were affected by sand, cation exchange capacity, silt and total nitrogen. Results of MRPP test for herb layer communities, it was significantly analyzed (A=0.003, P<0.008). Species diversity index was highly recorded in P-3 and influenced by cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, annual growth in consequence of NMS analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 2023

This study compared and analyzed the microbial composition and physicochemical characteristics of kimchi (gimjang kimchi) and mukeunji (aged kimchi). Commercial kimchi and mukeunji products were purchased through an online market. After an analysis of physicochemical characteristics, the pH of the mukeunji samples was found to be lower and the acidity higher than in the kimchi samples. There was no significant difference in salinity between kimchi and mukeunji, but the sugar content was higher in the kimchi samples. The phylogenetic diversity index, which incorporates phylogenetic difference between species, was significantly higher in mukeunji than in the kimchi. The most dominant order in both groups was Lactobacillales, but several lactic acid bacteria, such as the Pediococcus and Lactobacillus species, which may be more acid tolerant or more competitive, are relatively predominant in mukeunji. Beta set-significance analysis based on two different distance metric results revealed that microbial distributions of population were different at the statistical confidence level (p<0.001). We investigated the effect of respective species on total microbial community using the LEfSe (linear discriminant analysis effect size) mechanism. According to the results of LEfSe testing, a relatively higher abundance of Weissella kandleri in kimchi and a higher abundance of Pediococcus inopinatus in mukeunji have the greatest influence on the differences in microbial structure between the two groups.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.176-186
• /
• 2014

Objectives: As a sequel to the former analysis of the quality of life (QoL) among young-old and old-old in Korea, this research was aimed to identify factors related to the quality of life and the gender difference after controlling for the related factors among Korean elderly. Methods: Selected elderly data of 1,339 subjects from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010 was analyzed. In this survey, QoL was measured using Euro Quality of Life (EQ-5D) instrument. Data were analyzed using complex survey data analysis on IBM-SPSS 20.0. The related factors were identified using general linear models with backward elimination. The gender difference was tested also using general linear models. Results: The distributions of educational level, family income level, and presence of cohabitant were different between male and female elderly in both young-old and old-old age group. So were the health behaviors and perceived health, and experience of stress, depression, and suicidal thoughts. QoL and its subscales- mobility, self care, daily living, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression- were consistently better among male elderly regardless of age group. Among the variables considered, education, family income level, presence of cohabitant, perceived health, age group and BMI were found to be related to the QoL at p=.05, and presence of chronic diseases at p=.10. The difference in QoL between male and female elderly after controlling for the variables was statistically significant. Conclusion: Improving QoL is particularly important for the elderly. In order to improve QoL of the elderly, age- and gender- differences need to be considered when developing services and programs for the elderly.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.7
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 2023

In light of the complex interactions between the host animal and its resident gut microbiomes, studies of these microbial communities as a means to improve cattle production are important. This study was conducted to analyze the intestinal microorganisms of Holstein (HT) and Jersey (JS), raised in Korea and to clarify the differences in microbial structures according to cattle species through next-generation sequencing. The alpha-diversity analysis revealed that most species richness and diversity indices were significantly higher in JS than in HT whereas phylogenetic diversity, which is the sum of taxonomic distances, is not significant. Microbial composition analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups differed. In the both groups, a significant correlation was observed among the distribution of several microbes at the family level. In particular, a highly significant correlation (p<0.0001) among a variety of microbial distributions was found in JS. Beta-diversity analyis was to performed to statistically verify whether a difference exists in the intestinal microbial community structure of the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis showed separation between the HT and JS clusters. Meanwhile, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) revealed that their microbial structures are significantly different (p<0.0001). LEfSe biomarker analysis was performed to discover the differenc microbial features between the two groups. We found that several microbes, such as Firmicutes, Bacilli, Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadales account for most of the difference in intestinal microbial community structure between the two groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.28
• /
• pp.9-27
• /
• 1994

This study is to analyze of senile disease status and the social problem according to increased old ages, and then to find distributions of old man's diseases and health status efficiency of oriental-occidental contemporary health examination. And it is the first oriental-occidental contemporary health examination of old man performed by JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental Medicine Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic in nation. Methods The objects in this research are 641's old man of KimJe Gun's over 60's years performed medical examination at JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental- Mmedicine-Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic by oriental-occidental medical contemporary exam., from 1994, 24th June till 1994. 13th July. The 1st occident medical examination methods were consisted of chest x-ray check. blood and urine exam., measurement of blood pressure, visual power and audiometry. The Oriental medical examination methods were consisted of four diagnostics (望,聞,問,切), present illness. chief complaint, past history, families history, social history by question and SA Sang constitution test index. The results and conclusions The results and conclusions are the next: 1. In order of distribution. the athletic disease (75.8%),the digestive disease(43.4%), the circulatory disease(41.5%), the respiratory disease(22.3%), EENT disease(8.1%), the endocrinopathy(5.6%), and the genito-urinary disease(5.3%) are the results of the object about 641's old man, by the oriental-occidental medicine's contemporay exam. 2. Distribution of disease distiction are lumbago. gastritis and peptic ulcer. knee joint pain. heart disease. hypertension. chronic bronchitis. asthma. anemia. DM. Tbc. visual disturbance. CVA. etc in order. 3. Disease distribution according to age is almost high incident in 60-75years. Disease incidence is decreased except E.E.N.T disease in over 76years. 4. The relationships of disease and family history are: the 25.0% of CVA pts. has family history and the 11.6% of hypertension pts has family history. so they showed high relative family history. In addition the 5.6% of TBC pts. and the 2.6% of DM pts. have family history. 5. The relationships of disease and drinking are: Drinking proportion is the 36.4% in respiratory disease pts. the 34.7% in hypertension pts. the 33.3% in heart disease pts.. the 28.4% in digestive disease pts.. but because of no surveying drinking amount we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and drinking. 6. The relationships of Disease and smoking are: Smoking proportion is the 44.1% in respiratory disease pts.. the 38.0% in Heart disease pts.. the 29.8% in Hypertension pts.. but because of no surveying of smoking amount. we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and smoking. 7. Distribution of Sasang constitution is : Tae-eum-in 44.8%. So-yang-in 30.7%. So-eum-in 24.6%. Tae-yang-in 0.0%. And disease distribution of Sasang constitution distinction is ; Tae-eum-in has high incidence of circulation disease(50.0%) and respiratory disease(23.1%).So-yang-in has high incidence of athletics disease(77.7%) and EENT disease(12.2%), So-eum-in has high incidence of digestive disease(65.8%). 8. Distribution of abnormal result in occidental medical examination and oriental-occidental contemporal exam result is considerably different. This is the reason of needing oriental medicine exam, for characteristics of Senile. I think that the oriental-occidental contemporary examination in old man is much more effecient than only occident medical examination. This oriental-occidental contemporary examination has many defects because it is the first practice. To participate in the public health program efficiently. I think that we must improve lots of problems and present the model of the oriental-occidental contemporary examination and the project of oriental medicine's for public health.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.42-65
• /
• 1992

To survey the specialties or sujects of practice displayed by the private practitioners the authors visited 691 clinics in Taegu from April 1 to May 18, 1991, At the same time, a mail questionnaire was administered to ask the number of displayed subjects of practice, and the reasons for displaying the subjects, reasons for not displaying in case of no specialty was displayed, composition of patients, and role as a specialist. The questionnaire was returned by 308(44.6%) practitioners. The distributions of private practitioners by specialty were 13.9% for internal medicine (IM), 11.7% for pediatrics(Ped), 13.0% for obstetrics '||'&'||' gynecology(OBGY), 11.1% for general surgery(GS), 10.0% for family practice(FP), and 5.3% for general practitioner(GP). Ninety percent of the specialists have displayed their specialty in their offices. Among all the private practitioners, 61.9% of them have displayed their subjects of practice and 23.7% have shown telephone number. Among private practitioners who displayed the subjects of practice, 80.6% have signs of 'subjects of practice'. Mean number of the displayed subjects of practice for the all private practitioners is 1.20, and 1.93 for the private practitioners who displayed subjects of practice. FP and GS have displayed their subjects of practice in 91.2% and 87.0% respectively and OBGY have displayed in 32.2%, the lowest percentage among all the soecuaktues. IM specialists displays pediatrics as a major subject of practice in 72.1% the pediatricians display IM in 88.9% the OBGYs display pediatrics in 77.8%, and the GSs display IM in 51.9%. Most commonly displayed subjects of practice are Ped and IM. Sixty-five percent of the private practitioners answered that they don't display their specialties because their clinics are "primary health care facility". The reasons for displaying the subjects of practice and its relevance with their own specialty(45.6%), and the difficulty in clinic management only with the patients for their own specialty(36.9%). The proportion of clinics whose patients of other specialty are than their own specialty accounted less than 10% was 52.8% and that accounted more than 51% was 16.0%. Specially, 51.4% of GS specialists cared more than 51% of patients of other specialty area than their own specialty. Most of the patients of IM, Ped, and OBGY specialists are the patients of their own specialty. However, 56.8% of GS care more of IM patients and only 24.3% of them care mostly GS patients, The respondents to the mail questionnaire who stated that they can not play the role of specialist well are 30.5% and especially 72.9% of the GS specialists state so. The proportion of respondents who do not suffort the private practice of specialists is 71.1%. Among the surgical specialists, 82.7% of them rarely perform operation. The reasons for not performing operation are insufficient insurance fee (76.9%), and risk of operation(58.0%), so as the OBGY specialists. Above finidngs suggest that most of the specialists, especially surgeons, in the private practice can not play their role as a specialist. It is necessary to develop a policy that facilitates the production of practice and the retention of the specialists in the hospitals.s.