• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.413-419
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• 2011

Corporate governance is a system articulating the division of responsibilities among different company members, and defining the running rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs. The separation of ownership and management in modern enterprises brings agency problems to the company shareholders, and it is wildly believed that good practice on corporate governance is essential to prevent managers from taking actions by which profiteering their own benefits but compromising the interests of shareholders. This research investigates the level of companies' compliance with the corporate governance codes to find whether significant differences in corporate governance practice exist between the listed construction companies and the national leading companies in Taiwan. Further exploration focuses on the correlation between the compliance level and the industrial features. The investigation finds that: (1)Construction companies display lower levels of corporate governance compliance; (2)Construction companies display lower levels of structural board independence and respect for stakeholders; (3)Compliance levels of construction companies are correlated with the number of employees and the ownership concentration; (4)Compliance levels of the whole sample companies are correlated with the factors representing firm size, such as turnover, capital and number of employees, but are independent of profitability as well as stock price volatility. The above empirical evidence characterizes the features of corporate governance in Taiwan listed construction companies, including: (1)Large companies lurking high risk of agency problems have more willingness to conduct corporate governance and meanwhile can afford higher costs for the conduction, so that their compliance level would be higher than smaller companies; (2)Construction companies in Taiwan have higher ownership concentration, on account of the industrial tradition of family business, and therefore pay less attention to the compliance with structural board independence and respect for stakeholders. However, the conclusions indicate that further studies are essential to clarify whether the above disparities would lead to a negative cycle of corporate governance practice in construction industry. The benefits of corporate governance should unfold more evidently to convince construction companies for improving their investment environment and stimulating their healthy growth.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.693-707
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• 2005

This study investigates the over time changes in the ownership of kitchen items, electric or non-electric, and examines the patterns of the usage and ownership of the items after categorizing them as followings: cooking appliances, kitchen appliances directly related to storing food, food processing kitchen items, and dining items. The research findings are that refrigerators and rice cookers, among the electric items, had spread to almost every households by 1990s and at the same time about thirty non-electric kitchen items had been used. Refrigerators had been used by more than 100% of the households by 2000, and on top of that, twenty or more electric kitchen items such as Kimchi fridge and freezer had been used. In the case of non-electric kitchen items, approximately 50 to 70 sorts of them are used, which indicates an increase than in 1990s. Rice cookers and gas stoves, among cooking appliances, are recognized as the essential item, and they are actually frequently-used items. As to kitchen appliances related to storing food, each household owns one of the refrigerators and Kimchi fridges, and again they are both the frequently-used. As far as food processing kitchen items are concerned, each household owns at least one or more blenders and hand blenders, six or more knives, and five or more pans. Each household owns seventeen or more rice bowls and soup bowls and twenty-four or more plates. Small plates are more frequently used than large ones.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2015

According to aging society and social network society, the necessary of suitable alternative housing in the era has been increasing. The purpose of this research is to understand housing preference depended on the social relation of the elderly who lives in Beijing, China. The social relation was comprised of contact degree with child, contact degree with friend, contact degree with relative, degree of community participation, satisfaction with spouse and satisfaction with child. The housing preference was comprised of housing ownership, housing location, housing size and housing type. The survey was conducted on the elderly of 150 above fifties who lived in Beijing, China. For the result, the social relation was associated with the housing preference. Particularly, the relationship between the children was related to the housing ownership, housing location and housing size. The relationship between friends was related to the housing type. The level of community participation was related to the housing location. Social independence of the elderly, family cohesion, community attachment and adaption tendency were correlated with the housing preference. In conclusion, it was empirically identified that the social relation of the elderly had a relation with predicting housing preference. This result is expected to be useful in development of housing for the elderly in the future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2020

This study aimed to explain the factors that influenced an individual's decision to migrate. The method of analysis in this study was the estimation of the probit regression model with data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), which covered 30,000 individuals from 13 provinces in Indonesia. Data from IFLS-5 were longitudinal data, meaning that the study was looking for data consistently to get reliable data from respondents. The research variables to determine the individual's decision to migrate were education level, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, gender, residence status, and poverty status. Individual decision to migrate as a dependent variable was placed as a dummy variable. The results showed that the level of education, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, and poverty status significantly influenced an individual's decision to migrate. Meanwhile, gender and residence status did not significantly affect an individual's decision to migrate. This research recommends that it is necessary to pursue a policy of economic equality between regions because economic factors are the main trigger for an individual's decision to migrate. Policies to overcome economic disparities among regions will reduce the individual's decision to migrate.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

This study was carried out to examine the status of Kimchi preparation, number of side dish and breakfast type of some houses in Yosu, Chonnam area. The survey was conducted from October to November, 2000 using a questionnaire. The results are as follows. The majority of monthly income of household was 1∼2 million won (50.1％). The highest family composition os couple and children with 75.6% and the highest number of family member was 3∼4 with 57.0%. The highest type of housing was an apartment with 67.1% while its ownership was, the highest in self-own with 69.9%. The 65.6% of respondants prepared Kimchi at home and the next was from the parent's home. The numbers of side dishes except Kimchi for each meal were 3∼4(63.2%). The major food of breakfast was boiled rice(86.7%). With decreasing age and family numbers and increasing level of education and income, the percent of boiled rice was lower whereas the percent of bread was higher.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the health and socioeconomic status of single-parent and partnered families, and examined the intersection between sex and single-parent status focusing on inequalities of health and socioeconomic status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the nationally representative 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 14,827 respondents had custody of their own children and other family members (13,943 were coupled families and 891 were single-parent). Results: Our result indicate that single-parent had poorer health status and were more likely to have lower educational attainment, lower household income, no home ownership and be unemployed. However, the association between single-parent status and socioeconomic and health inequality were in divergent ways according to sex. The most socioeconomically disadvantaged were single-parent women. Inequalities in health differ markedly by sex but vary little according to single-parent status. Conclusions: An uneven distribution of socioeconomic resources might help us to understand why single-parent, both women and men, have worse health than parents who live together. Previously recognized sex gap with regard to health status also might help us to understand the difference in health between single-parent men and single-parent women found here.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to the willingness to have a child, parental age at first child's birth, and the planned number of children. The data came from the Korean General Social Survey from the Survey Research Center at Sung Kyun Kwan University. The sample data set included 488 men and women between the ages of 18 and 49. The major findings are as follows. First, gender, age, satisfaction with family relations, the value of marriage, the value of family succession, and willingness to increase spending on education significantly affected the willingness to have a child among unmarried and married participants without children. Second, among people willing to have a child, the factors that influenced parental age at first child's birth were gender, education, satisfaction with household economic condition, the value of marriage, and the willingness to increase spending on education. Third, across the sample, the planned number of children was decided by satisfaction of family relations, the value of childbirth, the value of marriage, and home ownership. Overall, the value of marriage was the factor most strongly associated with the three dependent variables. The more a person agree with living with their partner before marriage, the more willing they were to give birth, the younger they were when they became a parent, and the more children they planned to have. The higher satisfaction of family relations, the higher willingness to have a child, and the more children a participant planned to have. In addition, the more a participant was willing to increase spending on education, the higher their willingness was to have a child and the older they were when they became a parent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

본 연구는 기업의 지배구조에서 가족기업 형태가 부채구조에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 실증분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 가족기업은 비가족기업에 비해 부채비율을 낮게 유지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 외국인 투자자는 대리인문제에 대한 모니터링 활동으로 기업 부채수준을 크게 낮추고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수익성이 좋은 기업은 부채수준을 낮게 유지하고 있으며, 유형자산이 많고 기업규모가 큰 기업은 담보가능 자산이 커서 채권자들의 자금제공 가능성이 높으므로 부채수준을 높게 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점으로는, 외국인 투자자는 우리나라의 많은 기업들이 유지하는 가족기업에 대한 대규모 주식 보유를 통해 가족기업의 지배대주주의 전횡을 견제함으로서 외부감시주체로서 경영의사 결정 효율화에 크게 기여할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 1996

To study the dining-out behaviour of housewives, the frequency, food preference, expense for dining-out in social meeting, family gathering, daily meal were surveyed with a total of 454 housewives in Pusan. (1) In the frequency of dining-out, once or twice a month shows highest percentage, 59.7% and 45.8% for social meeting and family gathering respectively. The occasion of dining-out for the daily meal is less than 1 or 2 time per 6 month (62.6%). The frequency of dining-out is highly dependent on demographic variables such as age, academic background, family income, car ownership. (2) The preference for Korean dishes is found to be top in all occasions for dining-out. And then for the social meeting, chinese food, western style food, japanese cuisine and fast food are prefered in order, while western style food and chinese cuisine are rather prefered than japanese cuisine and fast food in occasion for family gathering. When they dine out just for daily meal, korean food is prefered first and preference for chinese food, western style food, fast food is followed in order. Japanese cuisine is prefered the last. (3) Housewives answered highly that the expense they spend for dining-out for social meeting (45.8%) or family fathering (46.8%) is 5,000 to 10,000 won per person. For these occasions, the expense is different with family income. Namely, if their income is higher than 3,000,000 won, they usually spend 10,000 to 15,000 won for the occasion. And for the daily dining-out, 34.7% respondents answered that they spend 2,000 to 3,000 won.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제45권
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• pp.269-293
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• 2016

본 연구는 흑아프리카 전통사회에서 형성된 가족제도의 특징을 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 우리는 흑아프리카 전통사회의 특징적 요소들, 혼인 풍습(일부다처제와 일처다부제), 부계 및 모계 사회의 모습 등 3가지 소주제를 택하였다. 우선, 우리는 흑아프리카의 전통 사회에서 가족 제도를 지탱하는 흑아프리카 사회의 특징적인 요소들로는 남녀 역할 구분, 토지 소유 및 운용, 혼인지참금, 가축의 사회적 가치 등을 분석하고 있다. 이 요소들은 가족 구성원을 확대하는 데 중요하게 이용되었다. 그 다음으로, 우리는 한편으로는 가족 구성원의 수를 늘리는 데 이용된 혼인 풍습, 다른 한편으로는 노동력의 관점에서 노동력 확보를 위한 혼인 풍습, 즉 일부다처제 및 일처다부제를 분석하였다. 흑아프리카 대부분의 전통사회는 일반적으로 일부다처제를 영위하였다. 예외적으로 바실렐레족과 바히마족은 일처다부제를 추종하였다. 흑아프리카 전통사회에서 일부다처제는 부계 혈족뿐 아니라 모계 혈족사회에서 모든 가족 구성원에게 행사했던 수장의 권위와 위엄을 보여주는 전통사회의 관습에 근거하고 있었다. 수장의 권위와 위엄은 가족 구성원의 수를 유지하고 확대하는 데, 즉 공동체를 공고히 유지하는 데 이용되었다. 마지막으로, 흑아프리카에서 대다수의 전통 사회는 부계 혈족을 따랐다. 반면에 모계 혈족은 일명 "모계 벨트"라는 지역에서 성행하였다. 모계 벨트란 반투족들이 거주하는 사바나 지역을 일컫는다. 즉, 대서양에 접하고 있는 앙골라 해안에서 인도양 연안의 탄자니아 및 모잠비크 해변에 이르는 지역을 말한다. 모계 혈족을 따르는 하위 종족으로는 콩고족, 쿠바족, 렐레족, 펜데족, 야카족 등이 있다. 흑아프리카 사회의 전통 가족 제도는 경제, 사회, 정치, 구성원의 공동체 정신 등을 바탕으로 발전하였고, 이는 종족의 번영과 안녕을 위한 선택의 결과였다.