• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.381-398
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• 2011

Recently, electricity peaks have frequently occurred in winter, and the concerns about failure in power supply are soaring. One of reasons is due to the increase in industrial demand with economic recovery, and the increases in household and commercial demand with unusual cold waves are spotted as a primary cause. Especially, the diffusion of electricity heat pumps (EHP) has led to the rapid increase in commercial electricity demand. The EHP diffusion is mainly associated with low electricity tariff and cheaper heating and cooling costs compared to those of gas-engine heat pumps (GHP). The problem is that distorted electricity tariff and herd behaviour toward heating and cooling devices could bring about nation-wide inefficiencies in resource allocation. The key countermeasures are as follows. The electricity tariff should be readjusted to a realistic level. The tariff scheme should be so modified that consumers rationally respond to the tariff. In addition, one should find ways to effectively manage electricity demand.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.37-46
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• 2008

Launch control system controls the sequence for launching missile in weapon systems. This system have to generate the engagement plan, input information and launch the missile in timeliness requirement. Such a system may fail to operate correctly either due to errors in hardware and software or due to violation of timing constraints. We presented fault-tolerant ethernet for embedded real-time system like launch control system. This approach is designed to handle network faults using dual commercial-off-the-shelf(COTS) network devices. To support fault-tolerant ethernet each node is composed dual channel ethernet and designed the communication middleware for network fault detect and recovery. Especially for time-critical system, the middleware is being developed to achieve that no point of network failure shall take down or cause loss of communication to network nodes.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.653-661
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• 2012

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides two frame copies for each frame sent. Each copy will pass through separate physical paths, pursuing zero fault recovery time. This means that even in the case of a node or a link failure, there is no stoppage of network operations whatsoever. HSR is a potential candidate for the communications of a smart grid, but its main drawback is the unnecessary traffic created due to the duplicated copies of each sent frame, which are generated and circulated inside the network. This downside will degrade network performance and might cause network congestion or even stoppage. In this paper, we present two approaches to solve the above-mentioned problem. The first approach is called quick removing (QR), and is suited to ring or connected ring topologies. The idea is to remove the duplicated frame copies from the network when all the nodes have received one copy of the sent frame and begin to receive the second copy. Therefore, the forwarding of those frame copies until they reach the source node, as occurs in standard HSR, is not needed in QR. Our example shows a traffic reduction of 37.5%compared to the standard HSR protocol. The second approach is called the virtual ring (VRing), which divides any closed-loop HSR network into several VRings. Each VRing will circulate the traffic of a corresponding group of nodes within it. Therefore, the traffic in that group will not affect any of the other network links or nodes, which results in an enhancement of traffic performance. For our sample network, the VRing approach shows a network traffic reduction in the range of 67.7 to 48.4%in a healthy network case and 89.7 to 44.8%in a faulty network case, compared to standard HSR.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.893-902
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wearing a weightlifting belt, which is an auxiliary equipment used during squat, by measuring and analyzing biomechanical difference in lower limb and proposing safer and to suggest a more effective exercise method for general population. Selected 8 male participants in their 20s who have not performed regular resistance exercise for at least a year, but have experience of performing squat. The comprehensive method of study is as follows: subjects were notified of the purpose of the study and were told to practice warm-up and the squat motion for the experiment for 20 minutes. When the participant believed they were ready to begin, the experiment was started. At controlled points, foot pressure distribution sensor has been installed. Then left and right feet have been placed on the pressure distribution sensor, from which data for successful squat position that does not satisfy the criteria for failure have been collected and computed with Kwon3D XP program and TPScan program. For data processing of this study, SPSS 21.0 was used to calculated mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) of the analyzed values, and paired t-test has been conducted to investigate the difference before and after wearing the weightlifting belt, with p-value of ${\alpha}<.05$. As for time consumed depending on usage of weightlifting belt in squat, statistically significant difference has been found in P2, which is recovery movement. Lower limb angle depending on usage of weightlifting belt in squat has shown statistically significant difference in E1 foot joint(p<. 001). There has been statistically significant difference in E2 knee joint. Foot pressure percentage depending on usage of weightlifting belt in squat were found to be statistically significant (p<. 01) in both regions of anterior and posterior foot.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

This research has conducted high availability system modeling to assure the reliability of shipboard combat systems. Shipboard combat system is a way for efficient execution of duty and a crucial battlefield management system that determines the outcome of battle in the modern war. Especially in regard to a network-centric operational environment in the future, even 1% of malfunction can lead to fatal consequences for the outcome of war. So combat system should be designed by high availability system which is a "always-on" service. In this point of view, This work describes an architecture-based various high availability model and proposed alternative high available systems that can achieve more than 99.9999% accuracy at a minimum. This paper also provides an applicable model with which system engineers analyze out system failure and recovery process by employing computerized tools.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.337-372
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• 2003

Given the difficulties investors would encounter in pleading and proving their claims in court, they may well be better off in a system where less attention is paid to the law and more to the equities of the actual dispute before the arbitration panel. While this is not a system where accountability and predictability of results can be achieved, investors may fare better than they might expect. It follows then that if equitable considerations enhance rather than subtract from investors' chances of recovery, then investors need not worry about the consequences of the arbitrators' failure to apply the law. This article tracked the evolution of the arbitration process, through amendments to the pertinent securities arbitration codes of procedure, from an informal proceeding into a quasi-judicial one. Subsequently, I examined the practical difficulties arbitrators encounter in their efforts to apply the law. The Court in McMahon assumed arbitrators would apply the law and that the “manifest disregard” standard would provide sufficient judicial oversight to ensure that they did. But there is no meaningful review of arbitration awards to assure arbitrators are applying the law. Arbitration awards have no value as precedent for future arbitrations. Accordingly, there appears to be little reason to write such an award, particularly if the end result is an award immune from challenge no matter how the panel ruled. In these days, securities arbitration as a disputes resolution system is becoming a more popular practice. The trend of the courts in America has been to enforce arbitration agreements. Moreover arbitration helps alleviate some of the burden of a heavy caseload from the judiciary and is a viable method to resolve disputes in a relatively quick and efficient manner. Therefore I think it would be necessary to introduce securities arbitration system to our disputes resolution system Compared to American practices, there could be, of course, many differences in recognition on arbitration and legal structure in our country. Thus it will be an assignment to consider seriously and carefully what kind of securities arbitration system will be proper for us.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.10A no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

This paper presents a new striped checkpointing scheme for serverless cluster computers, where the local disks are attached to the cluster nodes collectively form a distributed RAID with a single I/O space. Striping enables parallel I/O on the distributed disks and staggering avoids network bottleneck in the distributed RAID. We demonstrate how to reduce the checkpointing overhead and increase the availability by striping and staggering dynamically for communication intensive applications. Linpack HPC Benchamark and MPI programs are applied to these checkpointing schemes for performance evaluation on the 16-nodes cluster system. Benchmark results prove the benefits of the striped checkpointing scheme compare to the existing schemes, and these results are useful to design the efficient checkpointing scheme for fast rollback recovery from any single node failure in a cluster system.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-104
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• 2004

This paper explores the empirical performances of the workout companies with special interests in the effectiveness of corporate reorganizing tools on their revitalization. In the empirical analysis it considers the criteria of success or failure in restructuring from both creditors' and debtors' perspectives. The key results are summarized as follows. First, the initial conditions on the debt structure of the workout companies are significantly related to the revitalization from both creditors' and debtors' point of view. Second, the debt restructuring instruments are insignificant in the success of corporate turnarounds while the debt-to-equity conversion has been a relatively effective tool. Third, the self-restructuring efforts, employment downsizing and governance reshuffling do not affect the performances significantly. The higher importance of initial conditions than corporate restructuring efforts may imply that Korean corporate workouts serve better to the needs of creditor financial institutions which are to maximize debt recovery and of the government which is to overcome financial crisis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.41.1-41.4
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• 2018

Background: Free fibular flap is one of the most useful methods in the hard tissue reconstruction of the maxillamandible. Free fibular flap presents some advantages in which the reconstruction of both soft and hard tissues can be done at the same time. It also provides a safe and successful bone graft for the reconstruction, along with a low rate of complications. Despite these advantages and the rarity of a postoperative complication, particularly in oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures, a prolonged operation might exhibit some complications related with rhabdomyolysis. We experienced the rare event of rhabdomyolysis after oral cancer surgery. Case presentation: In this article, we report the case of a patient who developed rhabdomyolysis after undergoing free fibular flap surgery. Conclusions: Despite the advantages of the free fibular flap operation, clinicians must be aware of the risk of complications because there are multiple factors that could result in rhabdomyolysis, such as duration of operation, position of the subject, and pre-existing conditions of diabetes and hypertension. Once the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is confirmed, a prompt treatment plan should be made and applied as soon as possible. This will increase the chance of a full recovery for the patient who is exhibiting symptoms of rhabdomyolysis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to understand the effects of service-orientation perceived by customers(patients) on relationship commitment and prosocial behavior, in order to suggest the direction necessary to establish the management strategies of small & medium-sized hospitals. The elements of service-orientation were composed of customer treatment, service failure recovery, and service standard suitable for the characteristics of small & medium-sized hospitals. In order to verify if the effects of three sub-factors of service-orientation on relationship commitment would cause prosocial behavior, the path analysis through AMOS was conducted. In the results of study, all the sub-factors of service orientation showed significant results, and also the relationship commitment and prosocial behavior showed significant effects. Based on such results, the implications and future research were suggested.