• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.489-504
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• 2017

The localized shear and the slip lines are easily observed in elastic-brittle-plastic rock. After yielding, the strength of the brittle rock suddenly drops from the peak value to the residual value, and there are slip lines which divide the macro rock into numbers of elements. There are slippages of elements along the slip lines and the displacement field in the plastic region is discontinuous. With some restraints, the discontinuities can be described by the combination of two smooth functions, one is for the meaning of averaging the original function, and the other is for characterizing the breaks of the original function. The slip lines around the circular opening in the plastic region of an isotropic H-B rock which subjected to a hydrostatic in situ stress can be described by the logarithmic spirals. After failure, the deformation mechanism of the plastic region is mainly attributed to the slippage, and a slippage parameter is introduced. A new analytical solution is presented for the plane strain analysis of displacements around circular openings. The displacements obtained by using the new solution are found to be well coincide with the exact solutions from the published sources.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.457-460
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• 2008

CFRP plates has been established as an effective method for rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures. The CFRP reinforcements are bonded to beams and slabs using structural adhesives. Adhesive strength can be affected by environmental exposure. During freezing-and-thawing cycling, temperature-induced stresses in the adhesive layer, due to differential thermal expansion between the CFRP and the substrate concrete, may lead to bond damage and contribute to or cause premature CFRP composite separation. This paper presents the results of experimental program undertaken to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycling (from -18 to $4^{\circ}C$) on the behavior and failure characteristics of RC beams strengthened in shear with CFRP plate using acoustic emission (AE) technique.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

In this paper, in order to explain the splitting of cylindrical rock specimen under uniaxial loading, cracks in cylindrical rock specimen are divided into two kinds, the longitudinal crack and the slanting crack. Mechanical behavior of the rock is described by elastic-brittle-plastic model and splitting is assumed to suddenly occur when the uniaxial compressive strength is reached. Expression of the stresses induced by the longitudinal crack in direction perpendicular to the major axis of the crack is deduced by using the Maxwell model. Results show that the induced stress is tensile and can be greater than the tensile strength even before the uniaxial compressive strength is reached. By using the Inglis's formula and simplifying the cracks as slender ellipse, the above conclusions that drawn by using the Maxwell model are confirmed. Compared to shearing fracture, energy consumption of splitting seems to be less, and splitting is most likely to occur when the uniaxial loading is great and quick. Besides, explaining the rock core disking occurred under the fast axial unloading by using the Maxwell model may be helpful for understanding that rock core disking is fundamentally a tensile failure phenomenon.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

본 연구는 풍화암 지반에 근입되어 인발하중을 받는 앵커의 극한인발력 및 파괴메카니즘 등의 거동 예측에 관한 수치해석적 연구이다. 풍화암 지반에 앵커를 시공하고 앵커의 정착길이, 천공직경, 텐던직경을 변화시킨 현장 앵커시험 자료를 수집하고 이에 대한 유한차분의 수치모델링을 통하여 앵커의 거동에 영향을 주는 변수에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 앵커의 거동에 영향을 주는 변수들 사이의 상관성을 분석하여 상관식을 제안하였으며 이 관계를 이용하여 앵커의 거동을 예측하고자 하였다. 수치해석결과 앵커의 정착길이 및 천공직경, 텐던직경이 증가할수록 극한하중이 선형 비례하는 결과를 나타내었다. 한편, 풍화암의 탄성계수를 변화시킨 수치해석 결과 하중-변위 및 극한하중의 변화는 10% 범위 이내의 값을 나타내어 탄성계수가 극한하중에 미치는 영향이 크지 않음을 나타내었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

기존 구조물의 RC 보는 전단내력이 부족한 경우가 빈번히 발생하며, RC 보의 전단파괴거동은 갑작스럽고 취성적이다. 자중의 증가를 줄이면서 전단성능을 향상시키는 보강방법으로 강판, 탄소 판 및 탄소섬유시트 등과 같은 보강재료를 사용하여 전단 내력이 부족한 기존 RC 보의 표면에 고성능 접착제로 부착하는 방법이 실무에서 가장 많이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 보강재료로 강판을 사용하며, 보강재료의 형태는 Slit의 크기와 모양으로 다양하게 변화시키고 유닛화하였다. 총16개 실험체에 대하여 전단보강근의 유무, Slit의 형상, 강판두께 등을 변수로 한 실험을 통하여 Slit형 강판으로 전단보강한 RC보에 대한 보강효과, 파괴성상 및 전단내력을 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 파괴모드는 수직형 Slit(SV시리즈)실험체는 전단파괴를 하였고, 경사형 Slit(SD시리즈)실험체는 휨파괴 양상을 나타내었다. SV시리즈 실험체는 사인장 균열발생과 동시에 Slit 강판이 콘크리트 표면을 물고 떨어지는 부착박리 파괴거동으로 콘크리트 조기파괴를 하였다. SD시리즈 실험체들은 Solid 강판을 부착한 실험체보다 다소 큰 강성과 전단내력을 나타냈다. RC 보의 휨거동을 연성적으로 유도하기위한 전단보강방법은 경사형 Slit 강판의 적용이 효율적이었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2013

Practical seismic assessment and design of retrofit for the multitude of small ecclesiastical monuments that abound in the Balkans is the subject of this work. Application of the proposed procedures and methodologies are illustrated in an example case study, a small byzantine church located in Western Greece, which is the region with the highest seismicity in Europe. The church, known as the Fragavilla Monastery, had remained almost undamaged for 800 years, until 1993 when the Pyrgos earthquake caused critical damage mainly in the vaults. Linear elastic analysis to the recorded ground motion, capped by a biaxial failure criterion reproduced the developed damage. The same modelling and analysis procedure was subsequently used for assessment of the intended retrofitting measures. Proposed retrofitting measures included mitigation of the undesirable implications of past interventions along with a combination of strengthening schemes with externally bonded AFRPs strategically placed in the structure. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is gauged by successful reduction of stress intensity in the critical regions and mitigation of stress localization throughout the structure.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2003

본 연구는 비균열 무근콘크리트에 매입된 앵커의 앵커간격 및 하중방향에 따른 전단내력 평가를 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 앵커의 전단내력 설계식을 비교 평가하였으며, 실험값과 기존의 설계식의 예측값을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 앵커간격 및 하중방향에 따른 CCD 방법 및 EOTA 설계식은 합리적인 설계방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2013

Sn whiskers are one of the serious causes of the failure of electronics. Sn whiskers grow spontaneously from Sn-based, lead-free finished surfaces, even at room temperature. A primary factor of these Sn whiskers growth is compressive stress, which enhances the diffusion of Sn or other elements. The sources of compressive stress are the growth of non-uniform large intermetallic compounds along the interface between the Sn grain boundary and Cu substrate. Recent studies revealed the methods for reducing Sn whisker growth. This paper gives an overview about recent researches for mitigation methods of Sn whisker growth during nearly room temperature storage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2511-2521
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• 2020

The Fukushima accident is characterized by the fact that three reactors at the same site experienced reactor vessel failure and the accident resulted in significant radiological release to the environment, which was about 1/10 of the Chernobyl releases. The safe removal of fuel debris in the reactor vessel and Primary Containment Vessel (PCV) and treatment of huge amount of contaminated water are the major issues for the decommissioning in coming decades. Discussions on the new researches efforts being carried out in the area of investigation of the end state of fuel debris and Boling Water reactor (BWR) specific core melt progression, development of technologies for the mitigation of radiological releases to comply with the strengthened safety requirement set after the Fukushima accident are discussed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2022

Buckling failure is a typical slope instability mode that should be paid more attention to. It is difficult to provide systematic guidance for the monitoring and management of such slopes due to unclear mechanism. Here we examine buckling failure as the potential instability mode for a slope above a railway tunnel in southwest China. A comprehensive model test system was developed that can be used to conduct buckling failure experiments. The displacement, stress, and strain of the slope were monitored to document the evolution of buckling failure during the experiment. Monitoring data reveal the deformation and stress characteristics of the slope with different slipping mass thicknesses and under different top loads. The test results show that the slipping mass is the main subject of the top load and is the key object of monitoring. Displacement and stress precede buckling failure, so maybe useful predictors of impending failure. However, the response of the stress variation is earlier than displacement variation during the failure process. It is also necessary to monitor the bedrock near the slip face because its stress evolution plays an important role in the early prediction of instability. The position near the slope foot is most prone to buckling failure, so it should be closely monitored.