• 경영과정보연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2013

본 연구는 벤처기업의 상장이전 재무활동내역들이 상장유지와 상장폐지에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 코스닥시장 개설이후 설립된 벤처기업을 대상으로 성공과 실패의 두 기업집단으로 구분하고 집단간에 재무활동변수의 차이유무를 t-test와 로지스틱회귀분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 두 집단간에 IPO이전 유상증자 횟수와 유상증자시 할증배율은 유의적인 차이가 있다. 그러나 상장에 소요된 시간은 두 집단간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 오히려 상장유지기업 집단이 상장소요시간이 길었다. 둘째, 두 집단간에 IPO에 의한 증자비율은 예측과 달리 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 이 가설에 대한 추가적인 분석결과 상장유지기업들은 IPO시 할증배율을 높게 유상증자함으로써 증자비율을 증가시키는 자본조달효과를 획득하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. IPO에 의해 조달된 자본의 투자내역에서는 두 기업 그룹간에 투자비율에서 연구개발투자만 제외하고 모두 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 상장유지기업은 공모자금을 운전자본에 더 많이 투자하여 유동성관리(liquidity management)에 주력하는 반면, 상장폐지 기업들은 생산시설과 부채상환에 더 많이 투자한 것으로 나타났다. 연구개발에 대한 투자비율은 두 그룹간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 오히려 상장폐지 기업그룹이 평균투자비율이 높게 나타났다. 또한 두 기업집단 사이에 상장후 수익모델의 증가도 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy in patients with FBSS(failed back surgery syndrome). Methods : We investigated 30 cases of patients with FBSS, who had been treated from October 2010 to July 2011. We divided patients into two groups : group I was treated by acupuncture therapy only, and group II was treated by bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy and general acupuncture. We measured the efficacy of treatments using the numerical rating scale(NRS) and grade and straight leg raising(SLR) test. Results : 1. The treatment method for group II was more effective than that of group I in reducing the NRS score on the fifteenth day after admission but there was no statistically significant difference between the results of two groups on the fifth day after admission and the tenth day after admission. 2. The treatment method for group II was more effective than that of group I in NRS improvement rate from its admission day to the fifth day after admission and from the tenth day after admission to the fifteenth day after admission but there was no statistically significant difference between the performance of two groups from the fifth day after admission to the tenth day after admission. 3. Group II had a higher grade improvement rate from the seventh day after admission to the fifteenth day after admission than group I but no statistically significant difference was observed between the results of two groups from its admission day to the seventh day after admission. 4. In SLR test improvement rate the treatments applied to group II was more effective than those applied to group I. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy is effective in reducing pain for patients with FBSS. Further clinical research is needed to verify these results and findings.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2004

We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD4 molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD$4^+$ molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$ T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD$4^+$T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The CD$4^+$cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF${\beta}$ Upregulation of TNF${\beta}$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF${\beta}$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p$56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4molecules. The CD4 cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF$\beta$. Upregulation of TNF$\beta$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF$\beta$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased $56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to design a model with the structural stability so as not to lose the operational function due to structural plastic or fail of a sliding blast door by blast pressure to this aim, a numerical simulation was performed using full-size experiments and M&S (Modeling & Simulation) of the sliding blast door. The sliding blast door ($W3,000{\times}H2,500mm$) under the blast load is in the form of a sliding type 2-way metal grill, which was applied by a design blast pressure (reflected pressure $P_r$) of 17 bar. According to the experimental results of a real sliding blast door under blast load, the blast pressure reached the sliding blast door approximately 4.3 ms after the explosion and lasted about 4.0 ms thereafter. The maximum blast pressure($P_r$) was 347.7 psi (2,397.3 kPa), it is similar to the UFC 3-340-02 of Parameter(91 %). In addition, operation inspection that was conducted for the sliding blast door after real test showed a problem of losing the door opening function, which was because of the fail of the Reversal Bolt that was installed to prevent the shock due to rebound of the blast door from the blast pressure. According to the reproduction of the experiment through M&S by applying the blast pressure measurement value of the full-size experiments, the sliding blast door showed a similar result to the full-size experiment in that the reversal bolt part failed to lose the function. In addition, as the pressure is concentrated on the failed reversal bolt, the Principal Tensile Failure Stress was exceeded in only 1.25 ms after the explosion, and the reversal bolt completely failed after 5.4 ms. Based on the result of the failed reversal bolt through the full-size experiment and M&S, the shape and size of the bolts were changed to re-design the M&S and re-analyze the sliding blast door. According to the M&S re-analysis result when the reversal bolt was designed in a square of 25 mm ($625mm^2$), the maximum pressure that the reversal bolt receives showed 81% of the principal tensile failure stress of the material, in plastic stage before fail.

• 철학연구
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• 제148권
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• pp.49-72
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• 2018

이 논문에서 나는 동아시아에서 유교 전통이 왜 민주주의를 형성해내지 못했는지에 관한 문제를 논의하고자 한다. 제1장에서는 나는 유교의 다양한 형태를 논의하고, 이어서 민주주의를 정의하기 전에 가장 적합한 민주주의 형태를 제시할 것이다. 다음으로 나는 유교가 민주주의의 이상을 지니고 있다고 할지라도 이것이 민주주의적 제도 구조를 확보하지 못했기 때문에 민주주의를 창출할 수 없었다는 견해를 고찰해볼 것이다. 나는 이를 "무제도" 견해라고 부를 것이다. 하지만 이 견해에는 두 개의 형태가 존재하다. 먼저 하나는 약한 형태이다. 이 형태는 민주주의의 이론적 원천들이 유교에서 분명히 발견되지만 이 원천들은 민주주의 제도를 제공해주지 못했다고 주장하는 입장이다. 이 견해의 또 다른 형태는 강한 형태이다. 이 형태는 이론적 원천들이 유교 전통에 존재하지만 이 전통에는 민주주의 제도가 역사적 실재로서가 아니라 잠재성으로서만 존재하며, 따라서 이로 인해 유교전통이 민주주의를 생산하지 못한다는 입장이다. 셋째로 몇몇 사람이 주장하는 입장으로 '무이상적' 견해이다. 이에 의하면 유교는 단지 실천적 제도를 결여하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 민주주의의 이론적 이상도 결여하고 있다. 결론에서 나는 내가 왜 이들 견해를 모두 거절하고 나 자신의 견해를 제시하는지 그 이유를 논의할 것이다. 특히, 나는 유교와 민주주의 사이의 관계와 관련하여 혼합적인 견해를 제시할 것이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.10.1-10.9
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical stability of implants with acid-etched surfaces sandblasted with alumina using retrospective analyses of the survival rate, success rate, primary and secondary stability, complications, and marginal bone loss of the implants. Methods: Patients who had implants placed (TS III SA, SS II SA, SS III SA, and U III SA) with SA surfaces from Osstem (Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, from January 2008 to December 2010 were selected for the study. Patients' medical records and radiographs (panorama, periapical view) were retrospectively analyzed to investigate sex, age, location of implantation, diameter, and length of the implants, initial and secondary stability, presence of bone grafting, types of bone grafting and membranes, early and delayed complications, marginal bone loss, and implant survival rate. Results: Ninety-six implants were placed in 45 patients. Five implants were removed during the follow-up period for a total survival rate of 94.8%. There were 14 cases of complications, including 6 cases of early complications and 8 cases of delayed complications. All five implants that failed to survive were included in the early complications. The survival of implants was significantly associated with the occurrence of complications and the absorption of bone greater than 1 mm within 1 year after prosthetic completion. In addition, the absorption of bone greater than 1 mm within 1 year after prosthetic completion was significantly associated with the occurrence of complications, primary stability, and implant placement method. Five cases that failed to survive were all included in the early complications criteria such as infection, failure of initial osseointegration, and early exposure of the fixture. Conclusions: Of the 96 cases, 5 implants failed resulting in a 94.8% survival rate. The failed implants were all cases of early complications such as infection, failure of initial osseointegration, and early exposure of the fixtures. Periimplantitis was mostly addressed through conservative and/or surgical treatment and resulted in very low prosthetic complications. Therefore, if preventive measures are taken to minimize initial complications, the results can be very stable.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2007년도 제15차 대한견주관절학회 및 제3차 Mayo Asia Elbow Club 합동 학술대회
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• pp.46-55
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• 2007

전방 불안정성의 수술적 치료의 목적은 안정성을 회복하고 동통 없는 기능 회복에 있으나 이러한 목적과는 달리 여러 합병증이 발생하여 결과가 불량하게 되는 경우가 종종 발생한다. 따라서 치료의 실패를 줄이기 위해 최대한 노력하여야 하며, 일단 실패가 발생하게 되면 정확한 원인과 해부학적 병적 상태를 정확히 파악하여야 보다 좋은 치료 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.542-544
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• 1998

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2004년도 신뢰성해외전문가초청세미나
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• pp.29-37
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• 2004

Maintenance are actions (or activities) needed to (i) control equipment degradation and failures and (ii) to restore a failed equipment to operational state. The former is termed Preventive Maintenance (PM) and the latter as Corrective Maintenance (CM).(omitted)

• 방재기술
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• 통권11호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1991

This report is expressed on test results of incombustibility for slag-board according to test method in KSF2271 Two kinds of slag-board is tested, one is passed and the other is failed The object of this report is to introduce the meaning of incombustibility for slag-board.