• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.33-51
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• 2016

The hotel industry needs to make the competitive advantage difficult to be imitated in order to remain sustainable in competitive business circumstances. Front-line employees' service-oriented citizenship behaviors(OCBs) can be such a strength from the perspective of organizational system. With an aim of investigating the antecedents of the hotel front-line employees' service-oriented OCBs, this study proposed a theoretical framework linking authentic leadership to service-oriented OCBs with goal commitment as a mediator. A total of 260 cases without missing values have been used for the final analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed using the SPSS and AMOS 7. It was first found that self-awareness and relational transparency of authentic leadership made a significant impact on their goal commitment while balanced processing and moral perspective failed to influence them. Second. goal commitment influenced all sub-factors of service-oriented OCBs. Third, moral perspective and relational transparency of authentic leadership significantly influenced service-oriented OCBs while self-awareness and relational transparency failed to make it. Finally, goal commitment significantly makes an intervening effect for the relationship between self-awareness & service-oriented OCBs and relational transparency & service-oriented OCBs but failed to intervene the other relationships. The results provide theoretical and practical implications regarding directions of leadership styles and HR management in the hotel industry and suggestions for the further extended studies.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Purpose: In case of the failed replantation, if the patients want to preserve the length of amputated stump, toe transfer is the ideal choice. However, reconstruction of these amputated stump with a free flap can be a useful method when the patients refuse sacrificing their toe. Our purpose of this study is to evaluate availability of functional results and patient satisfaction after this procedure. Materials and Methods: From March 2008 to February 2012, we reconstructed the amputated stump with free flap by patients demand. Eleven patients were included, medial plantar artery perforator flap in seven cases and great toe pulp flap in five cases. Follow-up range 12 to 24 months and we evaluate patient satisfaction by using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 1=unsatisfied, 5=excellent) and functional recovery by measuring the range of motion of remaining joint at 12 months after operation. Results: During follow-up period, all transferred free flaps survived and no major complications were noted. Range of motion of remaining joint appeared satisfactory result ($15^{\circ}$ to $100^{\circ}$). The VAS patient satisfaction score for aesthetic were five in six patients, four in four patients, and three in one patient. Conclusion: In case of the failed digital replantation, if patient refuse toe transfer, it could be useful method to reconstruction with the free flap to preserving maximal length of amputated stump.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of moxibustion treatment for FBSS patients by VAS. Methods : This clinical study was carried out for 51 cases with FBSS, who had been treated from January, 2003 to October, 2005, in oriental medical clinic. The patients were treated by the moxibustion during 8 weeks on the pain region of lower back or legs. We measured the effects of treatment by VAS. SPSS( Statistical Program for Social Science) for Windows was used for statistical analysis and repeated measures ANOVA was performed to gauge the improvement of VAS. Results : 1. We investigated 25 female and 26 male patients. The age distribution was from early 20's to 70's, among which 50's were most common. 2. The worsening factors are usually overwork and heavy lifting, but the main reason is unknown. 3. According to VAS, The patients with FBSS were improved by moxibustion treatment. Conclusion : Through this research, moxibustion therapy is considered to be effective and safe method for FBSS(Failed Back Surgery Syndrome). Moxibustion treatment had some problems that should be overcome such as severe pain and burning. Therefore we should pay more attention.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand mothers' experiences in filial therapy and to investigate them from a phenomenological perspective. For these purposes, three mothers were observed in a filial therapy process from a counselor and researcher perspective from December 2009 to April 23, 2010. After the program, mothers were interviewed and video tape were used in order to a better understand their experiences. Their experiences were analyzed in a format of experience with time, space, relation, and body, and interpreted their meanings. The result of the study shows the follows: Mothers have failed to put a priority on making time for a special play session.; They also had conflicts when they were unable to handle new skills.; They failed to make proper responses; They failed to internalize the space itself; The first intense emotion they felt in a play session was 'awkward.'; They learned what kind of person they were by using new skills through the body.; The method of how mothers formed a relationship with their children revealed itself in play. The meanings of participation in filial therapy can be discussed from two perspectives; 'becoming an observer' and 'taking care of'.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.278-281
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• 2014

The object of this study was to determine rate of ability restoration after arthroscopic surgeries in Thoroughbred racehorses. The racehorses that under arthroscopic surgery due to be injured his limbs were studied during exercise or training at Busan Race Park from 2005 to 2010. Rate of arthroscopic surgical treatments was 1.4% (63/4642). The results of arthroscopic surgery for the removal of osteochondral fragments from 70 limbs in 63 horses are reported. Number of patients under arthroscopic surgery were 63 and 58 horses were recovered from the surgeries and 5 horses were in training or resting at the time of publication. Only 52 of 58 horses had previous race experiences before the surgeries. Success horses of returned to the same level of performance were 31 horses (59.6%) and failed horses were 21 horses (40.4%). Average resting periods in success and failed horses were 7 months and 8.8 months, respectively. Resting periods in success horses were shorter than failed horses.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Because it is known that bivalve hearts contain various modulatory systems activated by neuroendocrine substances, it was examined whether different classes of endogenous and synthetic drugs of neuroendocrinological importance can influence cardiac functions of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Cholinergically active agents acetylcholine and carbachol increased heart rates while diminishing cardiac contractility. Adrenergically active substances norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) also induced heart rate increase and contractility decrease. An $\alpha_1$-adrenergic receptor-selective agonist phenyephrine (PE) failed to modulate either parameter. The Epi-induced heart rate increase and contractile depression were both blocked significantly by non-selective $\beta_1/\beta_2$-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. A $\beta_1$-selective antagonist atenolol prevented Epi-induced heart rate decrease but not the contractile depression, suggesting possible $\beta_2$ receptors for Epi-induced contractile depression. The three autacoids examined exerted discrete responses: histamine increased heart rate and depressed contraction; $\gamma$-amino-butyric acid increased both parameters; serotonin failed to change either parameter. The 5 piscine anesthetic agents examined, MS-222, benzocaine, quinaldine, urethane, pantocaine and pentobarbital, all failed to influence the cardiac function of oysters. Collectively, activities of neuroendocrinologically acting agents in mammals showed unexpected and distinct activities from those in mammalian cardiovascular systems. These results obtained from substances of different physiological functions can serve as a basis for understanding neuroendocrine control of the heart function in Pacific oyster.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.877-882
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• 2010

This paper is a result of investigating causes and main characteristics of landslides, occurred at Hongcheon area in Gangwondo during July in 2006, by collecting relevant data and visiting site. The main cause of landslides in this area has been found to be saturation of the ground wetted by a series of precipitations during 10~13 July and the heavy rainfall during 15 July. The pattern of the landslides could be classified as translational failure, occurred at the boundary between the relatively thin weathered residual soil and the mother rock. By analyzing a number of failed slopes based on site visit and reviewing collected data, typical widths of failed slopes are in the range of 10~20m (minimum: 5m, maximum: 70m). Lengths of landslide area are in the wide range of 10~450m. Most of area are less than 20m in width and 100m in length so that their shapes are long and narrow, frequently observed in Korea, and their areas are relatively small size of around $1000m^2$. The inclinations of the failed slopes are in the range of $10{\sim}60^{\circ}$ while the most probable slope angle is about $20{\sim}25^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.1 s.73
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• pp.173-185
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• 2005

This study investigated differences in children's facial, behavioral, and verbal expressions of pride and shame by their age, and type and level of task difficulty when they succeeded or failed on tasks. The subjects were 55 4-year-old children from 2 day-care centers and 37 7-year-old children from 1 elementary school. Each child participated in pride and shame assessment sessions. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA, and paired t-test. When they succeeded on tasks, 4-year-olds showed more pride in behavioral expression than 7-year-olds. More pride in facial, behavioral, and verbal expressions were shown when subjects succeeded on difficulty than on easy tasks. Interaction effect for behavioral expression of pride was found between age and type of task difficulty. In verbal expression of pride, interaction effect was found between age, and type and level of task difficulty. When they failed on tasks, 7-year-olds showed more shame in behavioral and verbal expressions than 4-year-olds. More shame in facial, behavioral, and verbal expressions were shown when subjects failed on easy than on difficulty tasks. Interaction effect for facial expression of shame was found between age, and type and level of task difficulty.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2005

Failure analysis of the latch ram ball and the C-ram ball with the trade name AFBMA Gr. 50 Colmonoy No. 6, has been performed to identify the root cause of the failure. The study required the extraction of the both failed and normal balls from the nuclear fuel exchanger. Microstructures of both balls were examined after polishing and etching. Breaking tests of both the ball revealed similarity in cleavage surfaces. Fracture surfaces of both failed ball and normal ball after breaking test were examined with SEM and EDX. Microstructure of the ball revealed an austenite phase with coarse Cr rich precipitate. Indented marks observed on the surface of the failed ball are believed to be produced by overloading. In the light of the afore mentioned observations and studies, the failure mechanism of the ball in nuclear fuel exchanger seem to be caused by impact or mechanical overloading on ball.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.97-102
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• 1996

A methodology for estimating the number of failed fuel rods bused on the primary coolant activity in operating PWRs has been developed. This method deals with both the diffusion and the kinetic models. In case of small or medium cladding failures, the diffusion model which can consider different sizes of failure is used, whereas for large cladding failures the kinetic model is used. From the kinetic model, the release-to-birth rate ratio (R/B) is represented as a linear function of the number of failed fuel rods. This has been done by expressing the escape rate coefficient in terms of the slope of log(R/B) versus $log\;{\lambda}$. The present method has been applied to the cases of 26 cycles of several nuclear power plants for which ultrasonic testings were performed. The results show that the present method gives better predictions than the existing computer codes such as IODYNE and CADE.