• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the legibility of one-syllable Korean characters with the participation of sixteen subjects. The experiment considered nine factors including age (young and old), gender (male and female), illuminance (150lx and 600lx), viewing distance (50cm and 200cm), material type (paper and LCD), typeface (Ming and Gothic), thickness (plain and bold), color contrast (black letter/white background and white letter/black background), and complexity (simple, complex, and number) to examine main effects with a $2^{6-3}\times3$ fractional factorial design. The dependent variables were minimum character size of 100% correctness, maximum character size of 0% correctness, and minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age, illuminance, viewing distance and complexity were significant for all dependent variables, except gender which was significant only for the minimum character size of comfortable reading preference. In general, the young could see twofold smaller size letters than the elderly. The subjects could see smaller sized letters with the illuminance of 600lx and viewing distance of 50cm than 150lx and 200cm, respectively and also with numbers, simple characters, and complex characters in that order. The findings of this study could be characterized about the legibility of Korean characters and be good resources for developing its standard.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2014

In computer-mediated idea generation where contributions can be anonymous, the ability to accurately monitor performances is limited, inducing social loafing. Prior research has suggested that social loafing is likely an important factor in reducing task performance. Researchers have theorized that loafing could be minimized if clear performance feedback is provided. Our prior study evidences a substantial performance gain by the provision of real time performance information about who is contributing and who is not. However, our prior study incorporated the quantity feedback only to create a larger pool of ideas based on the long-standing assumption (i.e., quantity breeds quality), not considering the quality feedback. As a result, taking advantage of anonymity in the form of pseudonymity, individuals in almost all groups exhibited a tendency of self-presentation by capitalizing on ideas of which quality was low and even frivolous (i.e., junk comments) toward the later stages of the session. Thus, we have learned that the quantity performance feedback alone does not have enough restrictiveness to consistently control the performance behavior throughout the session. Since a process chart allows participants to monitor process variation by comparing new performance data to past performance data, we incorporated real-time visual process performance feedback to reveal performance histories by connecting the sequence of idea quality scores in a time-series format. Using this environment, a laboratory experiment was conducted with five-member groups that examined the influence of both identifiability (i.e., anonymity versus pseudonymity) and process performance feedback (i.e., yes or no) in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. The result showed that groups in the process performance feedback treatment outperformed groups in the no feedback treatment. Additionally, process performance feedback and identifiability interacted such that groups in the process performance feedback/pseudonymity treatment had the highest performance. The implications of these findings for future research, as well as the implications for the design of group idea generation procedures are discussed.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.223-240
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• 2016

In this study, poly(vinyl-alcohol) and water insoluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin polymer (${\beta}$-CDP) cross-linked with citric acid, have been used as macrocyclic carrier in the preparation of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for aniline (as molecule model) extraction from aqueous media. The obtained membranes were firstly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and water swelling test. The transport of aniline was studied in a two-compartment transport cell under various experimental conditions, such as carrier content in the membranes, stirring rate and initial aniline concentration. The kinetic study was performed and the kinetic parameters were calculated as rate constant (k), permeability coefficient (P) and flux (J). These first results demonstrated the utility of such polymeric membranes for environmental decontamination of toxic organic molecules like aniline. Predictive modeling of transport flux through these materials was then studied using design of experiments; the design chosen was a two level full factorial design $2^k$. An empirical correlation between aniline transport flux and independent variables (Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content, agitation speed and initial aniline concentration) was successfully obtained. Statistical analysis showed that initial aniline concentration of the solution was the most important parameter in the study domain. The model revealed the existence of a strong interaction between the Poly ${\beta}$-CD membrane content and the stirring speed of the source solution. The good agreement between the model and the experimental transport data confirms the model's validity.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.618-624
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• 2010

본 연구는 멸종위기에 처한 꼬리겨우살이 종자로부터 기내배양체계 기반확립을 위해 기내 종자발아 실험을 실시하였다. 꼬리겨우살이 종자는 배지에 치상 1주 후 원기근이 형성되어 발아가 진행되었다. 배지종류와 viscin 유 무에 따른 꼬리겨우살이의 기내 종자발아율은 viscin이 제거된 종자를 SH 배지에 치상하였을 때 가장 높은 발아율(69%)을 나타냈고, 고형지지물 종류와 농도에 따른 발아율은 0.35% gelrite 첨가 시 가장 높은 발아율(75%)을 보였다. 저장 기간과 저장 상태에 따른 발아율은 채집 직후(3일 후) 조건에서 가장 높은 발아율을 나타냈고, 저장기간이 8주, 16주로 길어짐에 따라 발아율은 감소하였다. 흡착판과 흡기근은 White 기본배지에 치상하였을 때 각각 95%, 8%의 형성율을 나타내었다. 꼬리겨우살이의 기내 종자발아과정은 원기근 형성, 흡착판 형성, 흡기근 형성 순으로 진행되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.412-421
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study was to examine whether there exist physical attractiveness stereotype, ‘what is beautiful is good’on the evaluation of stimulus person’s task performance in present Korea. This study also examine the effects of the appropriateness of the stimulus person’s clothing and subjects’sexes on the task performance evaluation. The index of the physical attractiveness of this study was the facial attractiveness judged by 30 female university students. The appropriateness of clothing was manipulated by 4 types of clothing perceived appropriate for two assumed situations by female university students. Three female faces having high, medium, and low attractiveness were simulated with the same body dressed four types of clothing using CAD system, and a total of 12 stimulus persons were created. A total of 524 male and female(262 of male, 262 of female) university students from 3 universities in Kwangju, Korea were participated as subjects in this study. The design for the experiment was a $3\;{\times}\;4\;{\times}\;2$ randomaized factorial, with three levels of facial attractiveness (high, medium, low), and four types attire(formal-masculine, formal-feminine, casual-masculine, casual-feminine), two kinds of context (job interview, dating) in which perceptions were occurred. The data were analysed using MANOVA, Duncan test and F-test. The results were as fellows: 1. The stimulus person’s facial attractiveness exerted significant positive effects on the evaluation of task performance in both of two assumed situations (p<.001, respectively). 2. The appropriateness of stimulus person’s clothing did not influence on the task evaluation in both of two assumed situations. 3. The gender of subjects did not influenced the task performance evaluation in both of two assumed situations.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.57-57
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• 2007

Aspheric glass lenses have many optical advantages, for glass have superior optical performance and an aspheric form can reduce optical aberrations. Recently, the use of it is rapidly expanding as the mass production becomes possible by glass molding press and so this method is considered as the best method for fabricating an aspheric glass lens, but it is difficult to control many parameters for pressing and cooling process. Design of experiments (DOE) is a very useful tool to design and analyze complicated industrial design problems. This study investigated the pressing conditions to mold aspheric glass lenses for mega pixel phone camera module using DOE method. We have applied fractional factorial design and the response variable was set form accuracy (PV) of aspheric surface of molded lens. The results of analysis indicates that all factors expect for pressing force of each step are available for the form accuracy (PV). It was the optimum condition of the designed pressing conditions for lowering the form accuracy(PV) value of molded lens that all factors were at the low level. The form accuracy (PV) of mold and molded lens under the optimum condition are $0.85\;{\mu}m$ and $0.922\;{\mu}m$ respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 1990

임신과 수유 기간 동안 alcohol의 섭취가 어미와 새끼 쥐의 간내 copper 유용에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 cthanol(0 혹은 30%의 Kcal)과 copper(0.75 혹은 3.75mg/l 식이) 함량에 차이를 둔 식이조성으로 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 규명하는 factorial experiment를 수행하였다. 어미 쥐의 열량 섭취와 체중은 식이들에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 식이내 copper양이 적을 경우 alcohal을 섭취하지 않은 실험군과 비교하여 alcohol을 섭취한 실험군인 어미 쥐의 간 copper농도가 더욱 감소됨으로써 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 보여주었다. 새끼 쥐에게서는 식이내 copper 수준에 관계 없이 어미쥐의 alchol 섭취가 간의 총coppernein의 copper 농도에 반영되었다. Metallothionein의 zinc 함량은 metallothionetin의 copper함량과 반비례적인 관계로 보여주었다. 이상의 결과로 임신과 수유기 동안 식이내 copper함량이 적을 경우 alchol 섭취는 어미와 새끼 모두에게 copper 결핍을 초래할 수 있다는 것을 시사해준다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2011

본 연구는 초음파를 이용한 토양세척 공정에서 주파수를 결정하고 그 조건에서 공정을 최적화 하기 위한 실험적 접근 방법에 대한 연구이다. 초음파 주파수는 35, 72, 100 kHz를 적용하여 최적 주파수를 결정하였다. 최적 토양 세척 조건을 위한 실험 설계는 $MINITAB^{(R)}$ 프로그램을 이용하였다. 실험은 초음파의 적용, 물리적 교반의 적용, 계면활성제의 적용의 세 가지와 각각의 조합이 적용되었다. 실험 결과 초음파의 최적 주파수는 35 kHz로 확인되었다. 높은 주파수에서 초음파의 공동화 기포 개수가 많아 효과가 좋을 것으로 예상되지만, 낮은 주파수에서 높은 에너지를 가진 공동화 기포가 더 효과적이다고 설명할 수 있다. 그러나, 실제 공정에 적용하기 위해서는 유입되는 에너지에 대한 고려를 해야 한다. 통계적 요인실험설계법에 의해 설계된 실험 결과를 적용한 결과, 초음파와 물리적 교반에 의한 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 실제 공정을 위해서는 이 두 가지 공정에 대한 실내 실험이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2021

Stem rot is a serious disease in Jerusalem artichoke (JA). To reduce the impact of this disease on yield and quality farmers often use fungicides, but this control method can be expensive and leave chemical residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two biological control agents, Trichoderma harzianum T9 and Bacillus firmus BSR032 for control of Sclerotium rolfsii under field conditions. Four accessions of JA (HEL246, HEL65, JA47, and JA12) were treated or notreated with T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment in two fields (environments), one unfertilized and one fertilized. Plants were inoculated with S. rolfsii and disease was evaluated at 3-day intervals for 46 days. T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 48% and 49%, respectively, whereas T. harzianum T9 + B. firmus BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 37%. The efficacy of T. harzianum T9 and B. firmus BSR032 for control of S. rolfsii was dependent on environments and genotypes. The expression of host plant resistance also depended on the environment. However, HEL246 showed consistently low disease incidence and severity index in both environments (fertilized and unfertilized). Individually, T. harzianum T9, B. firmus BSR032, or host plant resistance control stem rot caused by S. rolfsii in JA. However, no combination of these treatments provided more effective control than each alone.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.375-388
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• 2021

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is the most harmful virus that affects irrigated and lowland rice in Africa. The RBe24 isolate of the virus is the most pathogenic strain in Benin. A total of 79 genotypes including susceptible IR64 (Oryza sativa) and the resistant TOG5681 (O. glaberrima) as checks were screened for their reactions to RBe24 isolate of RYMV and the effects of silicon on the response of host plants to the virus investigated. The experiment was a three-factor factorial consisting of genotypes, inoculation level (inoculated vs. non-inoculated), and silicon dose (0, 5, and 10 g/plant) applied as CaSiO₃ with two replications and carried out twice in the screen house. Significant differences were observed among the rice genotypes. Fifteen highly resistant and eight resistant genotypes were identified, and these were mainly O. glaberrima. Silicon application did not affect disease incidence and severity at 21 and 42 days after inoculation (DAI); it, however, significantly increased plant height of inoculated (3.6% for 5 g CaSiO₃/plant and 6.3% for 10 g CaSiO₃/plant) and non-inoculated (1.9% for 5 g CaSiO₃/plant and 4.9% for 10 g CaSiO₃/plant) plants at 42 DAI, with a reduction in the number of tillers (12.3% for both 5 and 10 g CaSiO₃/plant) and leaves (26.8% for 5 g CaSiO₃/plant and 28% for 10 g CaSiO₃/plant) under both inoculation treatments. Our results confirm O. glaberrima germplasm as an important source of resistance to RYMV, and critical in developing a comprehensive strategy for the control of RYMV in West Africa.