• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2004

To present graph of probability densities, many softwares and graphical tools use methods that link points or straight lines. However, the methods can't display exactly and smoothly the graph and are not efficient from the viewpoint of process time. One method to overcome these shortcomings is utilizing interpolation methods. In these methods, selecting the number and location of knots is an important factor. This article proposes an algorithm to select knots for graphically presenting densities and implements graph components based on the algorithm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a device for predetermining bodily locations by measuring the energy of the living body. The purpose of this study is to examine correlations between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. Methods : This study was carried out with data from gastroscopy procedures. It involved 115 patients who had been diagnosed with gastritis, esophagitis, or gastric ulcers. These patients were divided into three groups according to the different patterns of zone-5 factors AA, FL2 and FL1. Group A was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was higher than the normal range for factor AA. Group B was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was within the normal range for factor AA. Group C was made up of patients for whom the red bar graph of zone-5 was lower than the normal range for factor AA. Group D E and F were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL2. Group G H and I were made up of same way as group A B and C for factor FL1. After the collection of gastroscopy results and data on zone-5 from the 7-zone-diagnostic system, the data was analyzed statistically. Results : 1. Group D had a higher ratio of medication than group E, and this result was statistically significant. 2. Group D G had a higher ratio of medication than group E G and group E H, and this result was statistically significant. 3. Group G had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group H, and this result was statistically significant. 4. A Group B H had a higher ratio of esophagitis than group B G, group C G, and group C H, and this result was statistically significant. 5. The medication group had a high score on the function index than the non-medication group, and this result was statistically significant. Conclusions : This study suggests that there is a slight correlation between gastroscopy results and zone-5 data from the 7-zone-diagnostic system. The research resulted in significant data that are helpful for diagnosing digestive system problems through the use of the 7-zone-diagnostic system.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.419-424
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• 2012

This paper discusses the state-of-the-art techniques in real-time state estimation for the Smart Microgrids. The most popular method used in traditional power system state estimation is a Weighted Least Square(WLS) algorithm which is based on Maximum Likelihood(ML) estimation under the assumption of static system state being a set of deterministic variables. In this paper, we present a survey of dynamic state estimation techniques for Smart Microgrids based on Belief Propagation (BP) when the system state is a set of stochastic variables. The measurements are often too sparse to fulfill the system observability in the distribution network of microgrids. The BP algorithm calculates posterior distributions of the state variables for real-time sparse measurements. Smart Microgrids are modeled as a factor graph suitable for characterizing the linear correlations among the state variables. The state estimator performs the BP algorithm on the factor graph based the stochastic model. The factor graph model can integrate new models for solar and wind correlation. It provides the Smart Microgrids with a way of integrating the distributed renewable energy generation. Our study on Smart Microgrid state estimation can be extended to the estimation of unbalanced three phase distribution systems as well as the optimal placement of smart meters.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제25권1_2호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2007

A simple graph G is said to be fractional n-factor-critical if after deleting any n vertices the remaining subgraph still has a fractional perfect matching. For fractional n-factor-criticality, in this paper, one necessary and sufficient condition, and three sufficient conditions related to maximum matching, complete closure are given.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

데이터 스트림 환경에서 셋 이상의 스트림들에 대한 조인연산을 위해 순서를 선택하는 기존 기법들은 항상 간단한 휴리스틱 방법을 이용하였다 그러나 기존 기법들은 조인 선택도나 데이터 수신 비율과 같은 것만 고려하여 일반적인 응용에서 비효율적이며 낮은 성능을 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 최적의 조인 순서로 그래프 기반의 슬라이딩 윈도우 다중 조인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 기법에서 슬라이딩 윈도우 조인 그래프를 먼저 생성하는데, 정점(vertex)은 조인 연산으로 표현되고 엣지(edge)는 슬라이딩 윈도우들 사이의 조인관계를 나타낸다. 그리고 정점 가중치(vertex weight)와 엣지 가중치(edge weight)는 각각의 조인의 비용과 조인 연산들의 상호관계를 표현한다. 이때 데이터 스트림은 빠른 처리를 해야 하므로 메모리 기반의 그래프 기법을 사용한다. 이를 이용하여 최대값만을 이용하여 조인 연산을 수행하는 MVP 알고리즘을 개선하고 이의 그래프에서 최적의 조인 순서를 찾는다. 이를 통한 최종 결과는 중첩-루프(nested loop) 조인 계획을 수행하여 얻어진다. 성능비교를 통하여 제안기법이 기존 기법들보다 우수함을 증명한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2014

To perform long-term sewer monitoring, It is important to understand the nature of the wastewater flow that occurs at the point on early stage of the monitor and to prevent in advance a problem which may caused. We can infer the flow properties and external factors by analyzing the scatter graph obtained from the measured data flow rate monitoring data since an field external factor affecting the sewage flow is reflected in the flow rate monitoring data. In this study, Selecting the three points having various external factors, and we Inferred the sewer flow characteristics from depth-velocity scatter graph and determined the analysis equation for the dry-weather flow rate data. At the'point 1' expected non-pressure flow, we were able to see the drawdown effect caused by the free fall in the manhole section. At the'point 2', existed weir and sediments, there was backwater effect caused by them, and each of size calculated from the scatter graph analysis were 400 mm and 130 mm. At the'Point 3', there is specific flow pattern that is coming from flood wave propagation generated by the pump station at upstream. In common, adequate equations to explain the dry weather flow data are flume equation and modified manning equation(SS method), and the equations had compatibility for explaining the data because all of $R^2$ values are over 0.95.

• 물과 미래
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 1976

본 연구는 수공구조물의 내용년수와 안전율을 고려한 서울지방의 단시간 확률항우량을 산정한 것이다. 서울지방에서 기왕의 자기우량기록지(1915년∼1974년까지 60년간분)를 모집하여 단시간 항우계속시간(10분∼120분)별해년 최대치를 적출 하였다. 적출된 항우량자료는 빈도해석을 통하여 자료집단별 도수를 결정한 후 그 도수가 정규화되도록 시도하였으며 정규분포의 적합도검정 방법에 있어 유의수준 5%로 보고 X2-test를 행하여 최적분포별을 설정하였다. 설정된 최적분포형의 매개변수(평균치, 표준편차)를 적용하여 본 논문에서 유도제시한 Graph에 의하여 확률항우량을 도해법에 의하여 구하였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

This paper investigates the shaping operation problem introduced by Callahan et al., namely the k-fragility maximization problem (k-FMP), whose goal is to find a subset of personals within a terrorist group such that the regeneration capability of the residual group without the personals is minimized. To improve the impact of the shaping operation, the degree centrality of the residual graph needs to be maximized. In this paper, we propose a new greedy algorithm for k-FMP. We discover some interesting discrete properties and use this to design a more thorough greedy algorithm for k-FMP. Our simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms Callahan et al.'s algorithm in terms of maximizing degree centrality. While our algorithm incurs higher running time (factor of k), given that the applications of the problem is expected to allow sufficient amount of time for thorough computation and k is expected to be much smaller than the size of input graph in reality, our algorithm has a better merit in practice.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

SNS, 클라우드, Web3.0과 같은 새로운 IT환경은 '관계(relation)'가 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 그리고 이들 관계(relation)는 거래, 즉, 트랜잭션을 발생시킨다. 그러나 우리가 사용하고 있는 관계형 데이터베이스(RDBMS)나 그래프 데이터베이스는 관계(relation)를 나타내는 그래프 구조와 트랜잭션을 동시에 처리하지 못한다. 본 논문은 확장 가능한 복잡 네트워크 시스템에서 활용할 수 있는 그래프 구조와 트랜잭션을 동시에 처리할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 토픽맵의 데이터 모델을 응용하여 그래프 구조와 트랜잭션을 동시에 저장하고 탐색한다. 토픽맵은 시멘틱 웹(Web3.0)을 구현하는 온톨로지 언어 중 하나로써, 정보자원들 사이의 연관 '관계(relation)'를 통해 정보의 네비게이터로써 활용되고 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 컬럼형 데이터베이스인 카산드라를 이용하여 제안 기법의 아키텍처를 설계, 구현하였다. 이는 분산처리를 이용하여 빅데이터 레벨의 데이터까지 처리할 수 있도록 하기 위함이다. 마지막으로 대표적인 RDBMS인 오라클과 제안 기법을 동일한 데이터 소스, 동일한 질문에 대해 저장 및 질의를 하는 과정을 실험으로 보였다. 이는 조인(join) 없이 관계(relation)를 표현함으로써 RDBMS의 역할까지 충분히 대체 가능함을 보이고자 한다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.1045-1067
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• 2022

Given a graph G, a {1, 3, …, 2n-1}-factor of G is a spanning subgraph of G, in which each degree of vertices is one of {1, 3, …, 2n-1}, where n is a positive integer. In this paper, we first establish a lower bound on the size (resp. the spectral radius) of G to guarantee that G contains a {1, 3, …, 2n-1}-factor. Then we determine an upper bound on the distance spectral radius of G to ensure that G has a {1, 3, …, 2n-1}-factor. Furthermore, we construct some extremal graphs to show all the bounds obtained in this contribution are best possible.