• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역 오염총량관리대상지역의 수질오염물질간의 상관관계를 분석을 통해 하나의 오염 자료를 이용하여 다른 외부 오염자료의 평가에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 낙동강 유역의 수질관측 자료를 수집 정리하고 이를 이용하여 지점별 분석을 거쳐 관측지점을 군집화와 수질오염물질간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 낙동강유역환경청에서 제공하는 수질관측지점별 pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP의 1989년부터 2009년까지의 월별 자료를 수집하여 정리하였으며 안동1, 안동2, 예천, 상주 등 12개 지점의 월별 BOD 측정 자료를 이용하여 오염측정지점 간에 상관분석을 실시하였고 군집분석을 수행한 결과 1군은 안동1, 안동2, 예천, 2군은 상주, 상주2, 상주3, 고령, 현풍, 합천, 남지, 3군은 구미와 달성으로 분류되었다. 수질오염물질간 상관분석에서는 오염총량관리대상지역으로 지정되는 구미 지점과 남지 지점에 대해 수질항목별 비강우시와 초기강우시 그리고 이틀간 10 mm이상의 강우시로 구분하여 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 비강우시와 초기강우시에 두 지점에서 일관성 있는 상관관계를 나타낸 항목은 없었으나 이틀간 강우량이 10 mm이상의 강우시에 구미 지점에서 COD-SS와 COD-TP에서 각각 0.735, 0.563로 높은 상관관계가 있었으며 남지 지점에서도 COD-SS와 COD-TP에서 0.888, 0.788로 높은 상관관계를 나타내 낙동강 유역에서의 수질항목별 상관관계에서 앞서 연구된 새만금 하구 담수호로 유입되는 하천수의 수질항목별 상관관계 분석과 유사한 경향을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.595-600
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• 2019

Cardiac fibrosis is a common feature in chronic hypertension patients with advanced heart failure, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is known to promote Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated cardiac fibrosis. Previous studies have suggested a potential role for the transcription factor, ETS-1, in Ang II-mediated cardiac remodeling, however the mechanism are not well defined. In this study, we found that mice with endothelial Ets-1 deletion showed reduced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy following Ang II infusion. The reduced cardiac fibrosis was accompanied by decreased expression of fibrotic matrix genes, reduced EndMT with decreased Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1 expression, as well as reduced cardiac hypertrophy and expression of hypertrophy-associated genes was observed. In vitro studies using cultured H5V cells further confirmed that ETS-1 knockdown inhibited $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced EndMT. This study revealed that deletion of endothelial Ets-1 attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of EndMT, indicating an important ETS-1 function in mediating EndMT. Inhibition of ETS-1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure secondary to chronic hypertension.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2019

본 연구는 하라케케(Harakeke)로 불리는 신서란(Phormium tenax)를 화장품 및 의약품산업의 기능성 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 신서란 잎을 대상으로 70% 에탄올 추출물과 용매 분획물을 제조하여, 이것들의 항염증 및 항아토피의 효과를 조사하였다. LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 신서란 에탄올 추출물과 용매 분획물의 항염증 효과를 조사한 결과, methylene chloride와 ethyl acetate 분획물에서 NO와 $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 농도 의존적으로 NO와 $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성을 보였다. 또한, 이들 분획물에서는 iNOS 및 COX-2 발현 억제 활성을 보였다. 신서란 잎 조추출물과 용매 분획물에 의한 NO, $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 활성이 NOS 및 COX-2 발현 억제에 의한 것임을 제시한다. 더불어, $hIFN-{\gamma}$로 자극된 HaCaT 세포에 용매 분획물을 처리하여 MDC 및 TRAC 생성억제 효과를 조사한 바, methylene chloride 분획물은 MDC 및 TATC의 생성을 각각 65%, 52% 생성억제 시켰으며, ethyl acetate 분획물은 MDC 및 TATC의 생성을 각각93%, 84% 억제 효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 신서란 잎 조추출물과 용매 분획물을 이용한 항염증 및 항아토피 효능을 갖는 유효성분 분리 및 활용화 연구에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이며, 기능성 화장품, 의약외품 및 의약품 소재 개발에 적용 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1997

Oocyte donation program developed to reach the pregnancy in those patients suffering from premature ovarian failure or surgery induced menopause, particularly in their reproductive age. With technical advances and popularity of ART (assisted reproductive technology), the indication of oocyte donation program extended to low responders, and even to naturally menopaused patients that has led them quite successfully to getting in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which one is involved in the decline of fertility between the oocyte and uterine factor. One hundred five cycles of oocyte donation program were performed in 84 patients from Jan., 1993 to Dec., 1996. Oocytes were donated from healthy, young, fertile anonymous donors or relatives or infertile patients with supernumerary oocytes. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to the age of recipients. Group 1 was less than 35 years old, Group 2 was between 35 to 39 years old, and Group 3 was more than 39 years old. The results were as follows: The mean age of oocyte donor was $31.5{\pm}3.3$ (range; 25-36). The mean concentration of basal serum FSH and peak serum estradiol were not different among groups. The mean number of oocytes retrieved from donors, embryos transferred to recipients, and fertilization rate were not different among groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 37.3% in Group 1, 31.6% in Group 2, and 31.6% in Group 3, respectively. The spontaneous abortion rate was 16.0% in Group 1, 16.7% in Group 2, and 16.7 in Group 3, respectively. The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.0% in Group 1, 16.7% in Group 2, 16,7% in Group 3, respectively, The implantation rate was 11.3% in Group 1, 10.3% in Group 2 and 10.0% in Group 3, respectively. All of the pregnancy outcomes were not different statistically among groups. In conclusion, endometrial receptivity does not seem to be impaired as age increases with transfer of good quality embryos and adequate endometrial preparation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.52-70
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• 2018

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis(AD) and environmental factors are closely related, but there is lack of oriental medical examination. So we compared the relationship between AD and various environmental factors in Oriental medicine and Western medicine. Methods : We described the relationship between AD and environmental factors through the latest papers and a review of the oriental medicine literature. Results : The regional diversity of AD incidence implies a close relationship between climate factors and AD, and high altitude and low pH springs also have an effect on AD. Air pollutants from industrialization and urbanization aggravate AD. The increase in indoor residence time and the increase in room temperature and humidity have also increased the sensitization to allergens such as house dust mite. In oriental medicine, wind(風) is one of the environmental factors and is an inflammatory state due to external irritation. Wind-Humidity(風濕) refers to erythematous wetting dermatitis with itching and exudation, Wind-Fever(風熱) refers to acute inflammatory reaction with erythematous papules and plague, and Blood-Weakness(血虛) refers to aggravation and chronicization of inflammation due to persistence of skin barrier impairment. Conclusions : We examined the relationship between AD and various environmental factors. We also described the oriental medical viewpoints of the environmental factors in the occurrence of AD and skin barrier impairment.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2011

자색 고구마로부터 페놀성 화합물 추출 최적 조건은 50% 에탄올로 12시간 추출하였을 때 최대 용출량을 나타내었다. 불과 50% 에탄올을 용매로 하여 제조한 자색 고구마 종류별 추출물의 항산화 활성 측정 결과 전자공여능, ABTS, PF 측정에서 일반 고구마에 비하여 자색 고구마 자미, 신자미, 연자미 품종 모두 높게 나타났으며, TBARs 측정결과 모든 추출물에서 30% 이하로 낮은 TBARs 생성 억제활성을 나타내었다. 피부상재균에 대한 최소저해농도(MIC)를 측정한 결과 Staphylococous aureus 및 Escherichia coli에 대한 MIC는 자미, 연자미, 신자미에서 각각 5,000 및 2,500 ppm으로 나타났으며, Staphylococous epidermidis에 대한 MIC는 자미가 2,500 ppm으로 가장 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 자색고구마 추출물의 화장품활성을 살펴본 결과 미백활성은 자미 품종 물 추출물에서 60% 이상으로 가장 높았으며, 자미 알콜추출물의 경우도 48.7%의 높은 미백활성을 나타내었다. 모든 자색고구마 품종에서 수렴활성과 주름개선효과는 관찰할 수 없었으나, 항염증 활성은 높게 관찰되었으며, 자미 품종의 에탄올 추출물이 94.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 자미 추출물을 첨가한 화장품의 온도 및 자연광에 의한 성상 변화는 확인되지 않았으며, 첩포시험을 통한 자각 증상도 나타나지 않았다. 또한 크림 사용 후 피부톤의 변화와 모공의 크기 변화를 측정한 결과 노화가 많이 일어난 피부가 젊은 피부보다 더 높은 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2019

Objectives To evaluate the pattern identification tool for knee osteoarthritis and to investigate the relationship between pattern identification tool and knee ROM (range of motion), VAS (visual analog scale) and WOMAC (Western Ontario & McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index). Methods We studied 50 patients who are diagnosed as degenerative osteoarthritis. With one patient dropping out, total of 49 patient went through pattern identification tool. Re-test of the pattern identification tool was implemented after about a week. The reliability was analyzed by calculating ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient). Also, reliability of each pattern identification score was calculated along with influence factor and correlation between knee ROM, VAS and WOMAC. Results Reliability of the pattern identification tool was evaluated as 'poor agreement beyond chance' with ICC value of 0.396. Reliablility of each pattern identification score was calculated and four out of five were measured 'good' with one 'moderate' reliability. Two of inter-item consistency were 'good', two were 'acceptable' and one was 'questionable'. Correlation between each pattern identification and knee ROM showed 'clear negative linear relationship' with two patterns. VAS showed 'clear positivie linear relationship' with all five patterns. WOMAC showed 'positivie linear relationship' with all five patterns. Conclusions According to the results, pattern identification tool for knee osteoarthritis seems to have meaningful relationship with other agnedas. Also, further research is needed to develop the tool.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.898-906
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• 2018

황사가 식물플랑크톤에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해, 황사가 발생한 2006년 4월 22 ~ 26일까지 태안반도 인근해역에서 현장조사 및 생리실험을 수행하였다. 황사발생동안 식물플랑크톤 군집은 $26{\sim}290{\times}10^3cells{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 범위로 다소 낮은 현존량과 주요 분류군인 돌말류의 증가, 특히 혼합해역의 대표종인 Paralia sulcata와 같은 저서성 돌말류의 증가가 뚜렷하였다. 또한 황사발생 후의 Chl-a 농도는 황사 발생 전의 조석에 따른 Chl-a 농도변화범위를 초과하였다. 황사투여실험에서는 황사투여 농도가 증가함에 따라 일차생산력은 점차 감소하였고, 최대 탄소 동화계수 역시 같은 경향을 보였다. 48시간 배양실험에서는 황사투여 초기(T0)에 실험구(test)가 대조구(control)에 비해 낮은 일차생산력을 보였으나, 48시간 후(T48)에는 실험구가 대조구보다 높은 일차생산력을 보였다. 특히 실험구는 초기보다 48시간 후의 일차생산력이 약 321 %로 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 중국과 인접한 조사해역의 식물플랑크톤은 황사와 함께 수반되는 강한 물리적 환경이 발생초기에 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 일시적으로 저해시킬 수 있으나, 이후 안정적인 수괴가 지속될 경우 식물플랑크톤의 성장을 촉진시키는 잠재적인 요인으로도 파악되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2019

More effective treatments are needed for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that water extracts of blackberry fruits (BF) and leaves (BL) and their combinations (BFL) reduce fat deposition in HepG2 cells and modulate shor-tchain fatty acids (SCFA) and fecal bacteria in vitro. HepG2 cells were treated with BF, BL, BFL1:2, and BFL1:3 for 1 h, and 0.5 mM palmitate was added to the cells. Moreover, low ($30{\mu}g/mL$) and high doses ($90{\mu}g/mL$) of BL and BF were applied to fecal bacteria in vitro, and SCFA was measured by GC. BL, BF, BFL1:2, and BFL1:3 reduced triglyceride deposition in the cells in a dose-dependent manner, and BFL1:2 and BFL1:3 had a stronger effect than BF. The content of malondialdehyde, an index of oxidative stress, was also reduced in BL, BF, and BFL1:2 with increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. The mRNA expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c was reduced in BL, BF, BFL1:2, and BFL1:3 compared to the control, and BFL1:2 had the strongest effect. By contrast, the carnitine palmitolytransferase-1expression, a regulator of fatty acid oxidation, increased mostly in BFL1:2 and BFL1:3. Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ expression was reduced in BL compared to that in BF and BFL1:2 in HepG2 cells. Interestingly, BL increased propionate production, and BF increased butyrate and propionate production and increased total SCFA content in fecal incubation. BF increased the contents of Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales and decreased those of Clostridiales, whereas BL elevated the contents of Bacteroidales and decreased those of Enterobacteriales. In conclusion, BFL1:2 and BFL1:3 may be potential therapeutic candidates for NAFLD.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2019

Background: Inflammation is widespread in the clinical pathology and closely associated to the progress of many diseases. Triterpenoid saponins as a key group of active ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen were demonstrated to show antiinflammatory effects. However, the chemical structures of saponins in the leaves and stems of Panax notoginseng (PNLS) are still not fully clear. Herein, the isolation, purification and further evaluation of the antiinflammatory activity of dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from PNLS were conducted. Methods: Silica gel and reversed-phase C8 column chromatography were used. Furthermore, preparative HPLC was used as a final purification technique to obtain minor saponins with high purities. MS, NMR experiments, and chemical methods were used in the structural identifications. The antiinflammatory activities of the isolated saponins were assessed by measuring the nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the gene expressions of inflammation-related gene. Results: Eight new minor dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, namely notoginsenosides LK1-LK8 (1-8) were obtained from PNLS, along with seven known ones. Among the isolated saponins, gypenoside IX significantly suppressed the nitric oxide production and inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, interleukin 10, interferon-inducible protein 10 and $interleukin-1{\beta}$. Conclusion: The eight saponins may enrich and expand the chemical library of saponins in Panax genus. Moreover, it is reported for the first time that gypenoside IX showed moderate antiinflammatory activity.