• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.81-104
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• 2012

This paper looks into the complexity of the comparative and conflictive elements portrayed on the novel Nada. Through the interpretation of the actions of the female characters, we can classify them into two different categories: pro-Franco and anti-Franco system. Thus, for example, the character Ena is an active, intellectual and liberal woman capable to manipulate and control men who lives at her own free will. This active and liberal personality is clearly not the favored type of woman under Franco, which prefers a society where men are the dominant figures. Another female character, Gloria, places herself far from the Catholicism based morality during the Franco period as she is having an affair with her husband's brother. We also find examples of the opposite, that is, affinity with Franco ideals, such as Angustias' decision to become a member of the convent, in line with the motto "Spain, united and great, through Catholicism"; the example of Ena's mother, nurturing six sons and daughters, also resonates with Franco ideology of a woman's role in the Spanish society, being mostly a reproductive instrument. One of the topics of this novel is the confrontation between the prewar petit bourgeoisie and the new postwar bourgeoisie. We can appreciate a big difference between the lifes of Andrea's family and Pons' family. Andrea has friendly relationships with friends from the new bourgeoisie; however, these interactions are not genuine, but superficial. Because of that, we also conclude that this novel reflects the underlying conflicts between different social strata. We also observe the conflicts and confrontations between republicans and nationalists in this society, through the relationships between two brothers, Juan y $Rom{\acute{a}}n$. During the civil war, Juan collaborates with the national faction, while $Rom{\acute{a}}n$ joins the republican faction. Consequently, they separate from each other due to their different ideologies. We will conclude that this novel also reflects on the idea that the Spanish civil war destroyed fraternity and separated families.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.103-128
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• 2008

정조는 척족이 특권세력으로 발호하던 영조대 후반의 탕평정치에서 아버지를 여읜 피해자였다. 노론의 거센 방해공작을 뚫고 왕위에 오른 정조의 목표는 왕권 강화였다. 정조는 탕평정책을 영조 50여년 치세의 대업적으로 칭송하고 척신과 탕평당의 폐해를 지적하면서 신하들에게 왕을 위해 충성을 다하는 '국변인(國邊人)'이 되어줄 것을 요구하였다. 정조가 즉위 직후부터 설치 운영한 규장각(奎章閣)은 겉으로는 어제(御製)의 봉안 등을 표방했지만, 실제로는 정조의 우군을 양성하기 위한 기구였다. 그만큼 정조가 외척들을 누르고 어떻게 사대부들을 포섭하는가 하는 문제는 정권의 사활이 걸린 문제였다. 본고에서는 정조가 사대부들을 어떻게 굴복시키고 포섭하려 했는가라는 문제를 본격적으로 조명하였다. 그것을 통해서 정조가 시도한 왕권강화책의 논리와 방법을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 정조는 경학(經學)의 본질은 성리학이 아니라 실생활과 절실하게 관련된 학문이라는 점을 강조함으로써 사대부들의 이념적 근거를 붕괴시키고자 하였다. 정조가 사대부들의 풍기와 세도를 비판하고 그들의 학문인 주자성리학의 의미를 축소했던 것은 사대부들을 왕권에 복속시키기 위한 방편이었다. 붕당론이나 성학론을 기본으로 하는 사대부들의 정치 이념과 학문적 근거를 반박함으로써 공론(公論)의 주체로서 국왕의 권위를 강조하려고 하였다. 정조가 영조의 '군사(君師)' 개념을 계승하고 왕호도 '홍재(弘齋)'에서 '만천명월주인옹(萬川明月主人翁)'으로 바꾼 것은 그의 사대부 비판이 궁극적으로 지향하고자 했던 바를 상징적으로 보여준다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제54호
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• pp.349-386
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• 2014

노주(老洲) 오희상(吳熙常)(1763-1833)은 18세기 후반기부터 19세기 전반에 걸쳐 홍직필(洪直弼)과 더불어 당시 기호 낙론을 대표하는 산림학자이다. 그는 율곡(栗谷)으로부터 비롯되는 기호학파의 학설을 충실히 계승하는 한편, 김창협(金昌協)으로부터 연원하는 낙학의 이론적 입장을 보다 명확히 하면서 낙론의 종지를 확고히 하였다. 호락논쟁의 연장선상에서 호론(湖論)에 대한 비판적 견해를 제시하는 것은 물론, 18세기 중반 이후 낙론 내부에서 제기된 이설(異說)에 대해 비판적 견해를 제시하며 낙론의 학문적 입장을 굳건히 하고자 하였다. 본고에서는 오희상의 성리설을 사상사적인 맥락을 중심으로 그 내용과 위상을 확인하고, 그의 학문 활동이 주로 호락논쟁의 연장선상에서 놓여 있었던 만큼 그의 호론에 대한 비판적 견해에 유의하면서 그의 성리설 체계를 고찰하였다. 그가 가졌던 문제의식의 중심에는 인간 도덕성 실현을 위한 현실적 근거의 체계화가 자리하고 있다. 인간의 순선한 도덕성의 실재성과 이의 구체적인 실천을 정초하기 위해 세계 구성과 도덕의 실천을 리기론적으로 해명하고자 하였다. 그는 특히 도덕 실천의 근거로서 리의 순선성과 실재성을 확인하고, 그것의 현실적 실현을 위한 주체의 정초를 위해 리기 관계의 상함성에 주목하였다. 그가 심성에 대한 리기론적 이해를 통해 심성의 논리적 관계와 가치적 측면에 대한 해명을 제시한 것은 순선한 도덕성의 현실적 기반 구축과 이것의 실현, 즉 수양의 체계를 수립하는 데로 이어졌다. 따라서 오희상의 논의는 적어도 원리적 차원에서 만큼은 순선한 도덕성의 실재성과 본선한 도덕 주체의 확립을 이끌어 내고자 하는 방향이었으며, 현실적 측면에서도 이를 담보하고자 하는 방향으로 나갔다고 평가할 수 있다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

We determine the effective viscosity of suspensions with bidisperse particle size distribution by modifying an effective-medium theory that was proposed by Acrivos and Chang (1987) for monodisperse suspensions. The modified theory uses a simple model that captures some important effects of multi-particle hydrodynamic interactions. The modifications are described in detail in the present study. Estimations of effective viscosity by the modified theory are compared with the results of prior work for monodisperse and bidisperse suspensions. It is shown that the estimations agree very well with experimental or other calculated results up to approximately 0.45 of normalized particle volume fraction which is the ratio of volume faction to the maximum volume fraction of particles for bidisperse suspensions.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.602-607
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• 2001

Zirconia powder containing 3 mol% yttria (3Y-PSZ) was casted on the cast iron substrate by plasma spraying method. Coated specimens were then heat treated at 500$\^{C}$ in nitrogen plasma. Wear tests were performed on nitrogen heat treated and non heat treated samples at temperatures from 25$\^{C}$ to 600$\^{C}$. Wear results showed that the friction coefficient and the wear loss of both the treated and the non-treated samples showed maximum value at 400$\^{C}$. These results were explained by low temperature thermal degradation due to the monoclinic transformation. Nitrogen plasma treatment significantly improved the tribological performance. The effect of nitrogen heat treatment on tribological behavior was explained by the increased micro-hardness and decreased monoclinic faction.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is twofold: to document the current research trends, significance, and actual situation of family business in Germany, and to describe the characteristics of family business work, workers, and interactions influencing work and family functioning in Germany. For this purpose, this study reviewed the sate of family business in Germany through out theoretical approach and secondary national data. In addition, this study collected in 1998 data through face-to-face interviews with female family business managers in Germany. Results of the present study indicate that family business plays a very important role in the economy of Germany. More than 85% of all companies are family businesses, which produce over 60% of GDP in Germany. The notable characteristics of family business households were the high proportion of home owners, high education level of the family business manager, high involvement of family members in family business. Also the high work sati faction among the family members who worked in family business, the effect of family business work on family life, and effect of the family on business success were extremely positive.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

The machining Parts must be Produced within the specification of drawing and those will be able to meet faction and efficiency. At that time, it is very important not only precision machine and machining technique but also the measurement technique. So, the improvement of measurement technique is to be joined together at once with improvement of machining technique. Finally, the quality and value of the parts are decided by precision measurement. This paper aims to study on the measurement uncertainty when the machined parts are inspected with 3-dimensional coordinate measuring machine. The objectives remove an error of measurement and remove a quality of mass products.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1998

In use of anaerobic bioconversion shellfish wastes present special problems, since the chitinous structures in the shell faction degrade very slowly in an anaerobic environment. Enzymatic pretreatment method was evaluated for improving the anaerobic bioconversion potential of blue crab processing wastes. An enzymatic pretreatment using chitinase enhanced the ultimate methane yield and biodergradation rate constant for total crab solid wastes by 15% and 19% respectively, above those of the untreated wastes. When the enzymatic pretreatment applied to the shell fraction alone, it resulted in increase of 34% in the ultimate methane yield and 38% in the reaction rate. The results indicate that anaerobic bioconversion of these wastes is technically feasible and enzymatic pretreatment will improve the efficiency of the process.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.179-196
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• 1997

The purpose of this study Is to verify relationship between leadership styles ( consideration leadership and Initiating structure leadership) and Job satisfaction In university libraries. The conclusions in this study are summarized as follows： 1. Correlations between leadership styles and job satisfaction are positive. Consideration leadership is higher correlation than initiating structure leadership. 2. Leadership styles have affected on Job satis-faction (promotion, task, salary, superior, fellow) differently. Consideration leadership is higher influenced than initiating structure leadership except satisfaction of task. 3. It is no difference that leadership styles have affected on job satisfaction by a characteristic(sex, school career, librarian's license) of person. As consideration leadership is higher correlation and influence than initiating structure leadership, leader should have done consideration leadership and then library's staffs can get job satisfaction in order to achieve job satisfaction, leader had better show consideration leadership regardless of sex. school career and librarian's license. leadership styles have influenced Job satisfaction differently. It shows indirectly that library's staffs are not discriminated by sex, school career and librarian's license.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1995

Water extract, and methanol extract, its chloroform and hexane fractions, and estragole from Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze were tested to find the inhibition effect on the growth of several microorganisms. The organisms used were Escherichia coli ATCC 1129, Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011, Vibrio parahaemolyticus WP, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Aspergillus oryzae KFCC 890, Aspergillus niger KCCM 11240. Water and methanol extracts at the concentration of 0.5%, and chloroform and hexane fraction at the concentration of 0.05% inhibited the growth of microorganisms from 1/5 to 2/3 of the control group. Estragole identified from the hexane faction as a major component, its authentic compound completely inhibited the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus completely at the concentration of 0.03%, and the other bacteria were at 0.05%.