• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the context of enactment and the application to the design of in 1916. The characteristics of the composition are as follows; First, One-third are general rules of common application, Second, regulations related to cold resistance are set up separately, last, each of the 21 articles was equally divided for schools, hospitals and prisons. The standard reflect the times of the mid-1910s. The Trend of using of the Western Building System in the 1910s, The need for building construction against cold weather, and Actual conditions of renovation, extension and new plans by facility. Furthermore, the fact that various regulations concerning standard design were enacted and used in various Japanese institutions around the 1910s may have influenced the establishment of the standard. Meanwhile, after checking the status of the reflection of the standard on the planning drawings of the government facilities around 1916, it was also found that the plan was carried out in compliance with the provisions of the standard, and that the items already applied before the enactment had been organized into architectural standards.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.367-370
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• 2006

Surgical curettage or en bloc excision are the usual choice of treatment for osteoma. Local recurrence of osteoma after surgical treatment is not very common. We report a case of osteoma recurred at the grafted bone. A $5{\times}8cm$ sized osteoma of frontal bone was excised and then the defect was covered with calvarian bone and rib bone. Six years after reconstruction, recurrence from grafted area was noted. We completely removed the osteoma with enough normal tissue around it, after checking that the grafted bone has changed into an osteoma through a bicoronal incision. Then we covered the defect with a rib bone. The tissue was confirmed histologically as an osteoma. The recurrence of the tumor at the bone grafted site after osteoma excision is probably due to the fact that we covered grafted bone with periosteum left over osteoma. Therefore, we can learn that when we excise osteoma, galea should be carefully separated from the periphery of the tumor and that the periosteum should be completely removed, to prevent the osteoma from recurrence.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.843-854
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• 2020

The present study aims to analyze factors of brand equity in the retail stores in Vietnam; to recognize sub-dimensions connected with the forms of brand equity and thereby study the extent of the relationship among bases of market segmentation and brand equity. The present research made a collection of data by conducting a preliminary study. Responses were collected from the customers through a structured questionnaire to buy goods and services from the retail store in Vietnam. The sample size selected for the study was 196. The study applied various statistical tools, namely, Cronbach's Alpha for reliability checking, correlation and regression statistics with the support of SPSS Software. The brand association is treated as a vital determinant of brand equity that significantly influences the bases of market segmentation. Further, the study also recognized the fact that the majority of consumers who prefer to buy from retail stores are young and in the age-group of 18-24 years. The present study made an initial attempt to study the relationship among bases of market segmentation with the factors related to brand equity; thereby to offer a novel conceptual framework designed for retail stores in Vietnam for brand positioning.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.109-114
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• 2009

Recently, web 2.0 is becoming issue can provide a web based services and the technology is developing rapidly. In addition a variety of platforms on the web and SDK(Software Development Kit) is available from various aspects, web services, a trend that is rapidly growing user. But the development of security systems cannot follow the speed and These weaknesses are provided in the Web service by using illegal methods of information acquisition. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed information for checking a variety of illegal access on Web services. Also, we designed and implemented Web Service-Hacking Pattern Recognition System for which warns the dangerous fact that as recognized hacking through comparisons the hacking patterns which have classified from the hacking method of existing system.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.24-29
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• 2021

In order to prevent automobile accidents internationally, advanced safety devices are actively being developed. Among them, Auto Emergency Brake (AEB) function and Forward Collision Warning (FCW), which are used to prevent or reduce frontal collision, have been studied for a long time, and are being researched by various manufacturers to develop better performance. In fact, in the case of large vehicles, it is mandatory for AEB to be installed in Korea. Accordingly, a variety of Vehicles equipped with AEB and FCW are coming out, and inspection of these mounting devices is a necessary system in the future. This study confirms how AEB and FCW are currently assessed in regulation and the New Car Assesment Program (NCAP), This is a basic study of the matters to be considered in preparing AEB and FCW inspection standard by checking the performance of vehicles equipped with forward collision protection and identifying the vehicle's sensitivity, range and speed of radar sensors, and target vehicles based on CAN communication data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

Let L(s, χ) be the Dirichlet L-series associated with an f-periodic complex function χ. Let P(X) ∈ ℂ[X]. We give an expression for ∑^f_n=1 χ(n)P(n) as a linear combination of the L(-n, χ)'s for 0 ≤ n < deg P(X). We deduce some consequences pertaining to the Chowla hypothesis implying that L(s, χ) > 0 for s > 0 for real Dirichlet characters χ. To date no extended numerical computation on this hypothesis is available. In fact by a result of R. C. Baker and H. L. Montgomery we know that it does not hold for almost all fundamental discriminants. Our present numerical computation shows that surprisingly it holds true for at least 65% of the real, even and primitive Dirichlet characters of conductors less than 10⁶. We also show that a generalized Chowla hypothesis holds true for at least 72% of the real, even and primitive Dirichlet characters of conductors less than 10⁶. Since checking this generalized Chowla's hypothesis is easy to program and relies only on exact computation with rational integers, we do think that it should be part of any numerical computation verifying that L(s, χ) > 0 for s > 0 for real Dirichlet characters χ. To date, this verification for real, even and primitive Dirichlet characters has been done only for conductors less than 2·10⁵.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.461-464
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• 2023

최근 GPT-3 와 LLaMa 같은 생성형 거대 언어모델을 활용한 서비스가 공개되었고, 실제로 많은 사람들이 사용하고 있다. 해당 모델들은 사용자들의 다양한 질문에 대해 유창한 답변을 한다는 이유로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 LLMs 의 답변에는 종종 Inconsistent content 와 non-factual statement 가 존재하며, 이는 사용자들로 하여금 잘못된 정보의 전파 등의 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 이에 논문에서는 동일한 질문에 대한 LLM 의 답변 샘플과 외부 지식을 활용한 Hallucination Detection 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 동일한 질문에 대한 LLM 의 답변들을 이용해 일관성 점수(Consistency score)를 계산한다. 거기에 외부 지식을 이용한 사실검증을 통해 사실성 점수(Factuality score)를 계산한다. 계산된 일관성 점수와 사실성 점수를 활용하여 문장 수준의 Hallucination Detection 을 가능하게 했다. 실험에는 GPT-3 를 이용하여 WikiBio dataset 에 있는 인물에 대한 passage 를 생성한 데이터셋을 사용하였으며, 우리는 해당 방법을 통해 문장 수준에서의 Hallucination Detection 성능이 baseline 보다 AUC-PR scores 에서 향상됨을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.217-226
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• 2012

This study intends to analyse the programming class with visual-basic, scratch and pico-cricket in elementary school. The study analyses cognitive domain by creativity tests and instructional process by student task engagement and the required factor of student's activity-nowadays, a lot of encouragement of learning use-. According to the result, The creativity of groups who use three teaching aid improves, but it hasn't any meaning. according to the student task engagement analysis by instructional process, According to the student task engagement analysis by instructional process, The concentration of group that uses pico-cricket and scratch falls down a little, but The concentration of group that uses visual-basic falls down remarkably. At last, according to the result of the required factor of student's activity, scratch and pico-cricket spend time discussing and programming, but visual-basic spends time correcting coding error. But pico-cricket spends much time preparing teaching aid or checking instrument, so this fact has to reflect when teacher plans his class. Through this fact, scratch and pico-cricket are better than visual basic as effective teaching aid when teacher teaches programming.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-85
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• 2020

With the development of information technology, fake news is becoming a serious social problem. Individual measures to manage the problem, such as fact-checking by the media, legal regulation, or technical solutions, have not been successful. The flood of fake news has undermined not only trust in the media but also the general credibility of social institutions, and is even threatening the foundations of democracy. This is why one cannot leave fake news unchecked, though it is certainly a difficult task to accomplish. The problem of fake news is not about simply judging its veracity, as no news is completely fake or unquestionably real and there is much uncertainty. Therefore, managing fake news does not mean removing them completely. Nor can the problem be left to individuals' capacity for rational judgment. Recurring fake news can easily disrupt individual decision making, which raises the need for socio-technical measures and multidisciplinary collaboration. In this study, we introduce a new public online platform for fake news management, which incorporates a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach based on citizen science. Our proposed platform will fundamentally redesign the existing process for collecting and analyzing fake news and engaging with user reactions. People in various fields would be able to participate in and contribute to this platform by mobilizing their own expertise and capability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2460-2468
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• 2014

A local rain that is concentrated in specific area in a short time frequently occurs due to recent abnormal weather. To prevent potential flood disasters, therefore, it is necessary to be established to the flood control system. Checking the river design standard, however, hydrologic design frequency of water gate is only marked as over 20 years, so this fact shows that the standard is unclear. The inland inundation modeling considering the stage in a river and quantitative assessment are required to reduce flood damage. The simulation for internal inundation is very complex and is time-consuming due to considering hydraulic hydrology characteristics at the same time. Using the already established river master plan, consequently, this study proposed the simple and convenient method for assessment of the internal inundation simulation. Using the proposed method in the upper and middle regions of a river, influences for design frequency or water gate location were assessed by applying the nine probability precipitation with design frequency and by targeting the water gates which are installed in five inlands.