Browse > Article

A Study on the Design of a Fake News Management Platform Based on Citizen Science  

KIM, Ji Yeon (고려대학교 과학기술학연구소)
SHIM, Jae Chul (고려대학교 미디어학부)
KIM, Gyu Tae (고려대학교 전기전자공학부)
KIM, Yoo Hyang (국회입법조사처 기획법무당담관)
Publication Information
Journal of Science and Technology Studies / v.20, no.1, 2020 , pp. 39-85 More about this Journal
Abstract
With the development of information technology, fake news is becoming a serious social problem. Individual measures to manage the problem, such as fact-checking by the media, legal regulation, or technical solutions, have not been successful. The flood of fake news has undermined not only trust in the media but also the general credibility of social institutions, and is even threatening the foundations of democracy. This is why one cannot leave fake news unchecked, though it is certainly a difficult task to accomplish. The problem of fake news is not about simply judging its veracity, as no news is completely fake or unquestionably real and there is much uncertainty. Therefore, managing fake news does not mean removing them completely. Nor can the problem be left to individuals' capacity for rational judgment. Recurring fake news can easily disrupt individual decision making, which raises the need for socio-technical measures and multidisciplinary collaboration. In this study, we introduce a new public online platform for fake news management, which incorporates a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach based on citizen science. Our proposed platform will fundamentally redesign the existing process for collecting and analyzing fake news and engaging with user reactions. People in various fields would be able to participate in and contribute to this platform by mobilizing their own expertise and capability.
Keywords
Fake news; Disinformation; Citizen science; Public platform; Scientific fact; Social practice theory; Socio-technical system; Citizen participation;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 김동광 (2008), 'STS'와 시민참여: 대중의 과학이해(PUS)에서 과학기술의 시민참여까지, 한국과학기술학회/강좌자료(2018.8.1.), 1-13쪽.
2 김유향 (2016), 미 대선 시기 가짜뉴스(Fake News) 관련 논란과 의미, 이슈와 논점, 제124호, [구글검색, 2020. 3. 20].
3 김유향 (2019), 허위정보 해외법제 현황: 독일. 프랑스. 싱가포르 법률의 주요내용 및 시사점, 국회입법조사처 외국입법 동향과 분석, 제20호, 1-7쪽.
4 김지연 (2019), 기술 거버넌스를 위한 질문 파일, 드림미디어.
5 김창룡 (2019), 당신이 진짜로 믿었던 가짜뉴스: 미디어 리터러시와 미디어 비평, 이지출판.
6 김환석 (2017), 시민과학센터 20년을 돌아보며, 시민과학센터 20주년 회고 및 결산 자료집, 1-6쪽.
7 박진희 (2004), 과학기술 관련 시민사회운동의 역사와 그 역할, 과학기술학연구, 제4권 제1호, 111-140쪽.
8 박진희 (2014), 에너지 시티즌십과 재생가능에너지: 재생가능에너지 정책에의 시민 참여, 한국환경사회학회 학술대회 자료집(2014. 4), 39-55쪽.
9 실라 재서노프, 박상준. 장희진. 김희원. 오요한 번역 (2019), 누가 자 연을 설계하는가, 동아시아.
10 심재철 (2017), "팩트 체킹 저널리즘의 빛과 그림자", 팩트 전쟁(2017. 9. 7), 40-47쪽. 국회 세미나 논문집.
11 염정윤. 정세훈 (2018), 가짜뉴스에 대한 인식과 팩트체크 효과 연구: 기존 신념과의 일치 여부를 중심으로, 한국언론학보, 제62권 제2호, 41-80쪽.
12 정보통신정책연구원 (2018), 4차 산업혁명 시대의 인터넷 산업 패러다임 변화와 정책 프레임워크 연구, 방송통신정책연구 2018-0-00373.
13 정인경 (2015), 과학 거버넌스와 과학 시민권: 이론적 검토, 한국정치연구, 제24권 제2호, 335-361쪽.
14 최지수. 윤석민 (2019), 가짜뉴스 거버넌스: 정부규제, 자율규제, 공동규제 모형에 대한 비교를 중심으로, 사이버커뮤니케이션학보, 제36권 제1호, 127-180쪽.
15 황성기 (2018), 가짜뉴스에 대한 법적 규제의 문제, 관훈저널, 제 60권 제1호, 83-91쪽.
16 황용석. 권오성 (2017), 가짜뉴스의 개념화와 규제수단에 관한 연구: 인터넷서비스사업자의 자율규제를 중심으로, 언론과 법, 제16권 제1호, 53-101쪽.
17 Bonney, R., Ballard, H., Jordan, R., McCallie, E., Phillips, T., Shirk, J. and Wilderman, C. C. (2009), "Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining the Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education", A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. [구글검색, 2020. 3. 20]
18 Callon, M. (1980), "Struggles and Negotiations to Define What Is Problematic and What Is Not: the Sociology of Translation", in Knorr, W., Krohn, R., and Whitley, R. eds., The Social Process of Scientific Investigation - Sociology of the Science Yearbook, pp. 197-220, Dorderecht and Boston, Mass., Reidel.
19 Ceccaroni, L., Bowser, A. and Brenton, P. (2017), "Civic Education and Citizen Science: Definitions, Categories, Knowledge Representation", in Ceccaroni, L. and Piera, J. eds., Analyzing the Role of Citizen Science in Modern Research, pp. 1-23, Hershey: IGI Global.
20 Ciampaglia G. L., Shiralkar, P., Rocha, L., M., Bollen, J., Menczer, F., and Flammini, A. (2015), "Computational Fact Checking from Knowledge Networks". PLoS ONE, Vol. 10, No. 6, e0128193. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128193   DOI
21 이영희 (2009), 기술과 시민: '국가재난질환 대응체계 시민배심원회의' 의 사례. 경제와 사회, 제82호, 216-239쪽.
22 Frankenfeld, P. J. (1992), "Technological Citizenship: A Normative Framework for Risk Studies", Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 459-484.   DOI
23 Eitzel, M. V., ,Cappadonna, J. L., Santos-Lang, C., Duerr, R. E., Virapongse, A., West, S. E., (...) and Jiang, Q. (2017), "Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms", Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-20.   DOI
24 European Commission (2017), "Citizen Science Policies in the European Commission: Research Agendas Towards Issues of Concern to Citizens", Policy Brief, No. 3. pp. 1-8.
25 Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Polity Press: Cambridge. [안소니 기든스, 황명주. 정희태. 권진현 옮김, (1999), 사회구성론, 자작아카데미.]
26 Haklay, M. (2015), Citizen Science and Policy: A European Perspective. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: Washington, DC.
27 Hassan, N., Arslan, F., Li, C., and Tremayne, M. (2017), "Toward Automated Fact-Checking: Detecting Check-worthy Factual Claims by Claimbuster" in Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Volume Part F129685, 13 August 2017, pp. 1803-1812.
28 Hasselkuss, M., Baedeker, C., and Liedtke, C. (2017), "Social Practices as a Main Focus in Living Lab Research", in Keyson, D., Guerra-Santin, O. and Lockton, D. eds., Living Labs Design and Assessment of Sustainable Living, pp. 23-34, Springer.
29 Irwin, A. (1995), Citizen Science: A Study of People, Expertise and Sustainable Development, Routledge: London. [앨런 어윈, 김명진. 김병수. 김병윤 (2011), 시민과학: 과학은 시민에게 복무하고 있 는가?, 당대.]
30 Jordan, R. C., Ehrenfeld, J. G., Gray, S. A., Brooks, W. R., Howe, D. V., and Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2012), "Cognitive Considerations in the Development of Citizen Science Projects", in Dickinson, J. L. and Bonney, R. eds, Citizen Science: Public Participation in Environmental Research, pp. 167-178, Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishin Associates.
31 Kobori, H., Dickinson, J. L., Washitani, I., Sakurai, R., Amano, T., Komatsu, N., (...) and Miller-Rushing, A. J. (2016), "Citizen Science: A New Approach to Advance Ecology, Education, and Conservation", Ecological Research, Vol. 31, pp. 1-19.   DOI
32 Kofman, A (2018. 10. 25), "Bruno Latour, the Post-Truth Philosopher, Mounts a Defense of Science", The New York Times, ISSN 0362-4331.
33 Konstantinovskiy, L., Price, O., Babakar, M., and Zubiaga, A. (2018), "Towards Automated Factchecking: Developing an Annotation Schema and Benchmark for Consistent Automated Claim Detection", Computer Science, arXiv:1809.08193.
34 Kwon, S., Cha, M., and Jung, K. (2017), "Rumor Detection Over Varying Time Windows", PLoS ONE, Vol. 12, No. 1, e0168344. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168344.   DOI
35 Latour, B. (1986), "The Powers of Association", in Law, J. ed., Power, Action and Belief: a New Sociology of Knowledge? The Sociological Review, pp. 264-280, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
36 Latour, B. (1999), Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, Harvard University Press.
37 Latour, B. and Woolgar, S. (1986), Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, Princeton University Press.
38 Law, J. and Callon, M. (1992), "The Life and Death of an Aircraft: A Network Analysis of Technical Change", in Bijker, W. and Law, J. eds., Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, pp. 143-156, The MIT Press.
39 Reckwitz, A. (2002), "Toward a Theory of Social Practices: A Development in Culturalist Theorizing", European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 243-263.   DOI
40 Lim, C. (2018). "Checking How Fact Checkers Check". Research and Politics, (July-September 2018), pp. 1-7. [구글검색, 2020. 3. 20]
41 Schmaus, W. (1983), "Fraud and the Norms of Science", Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12-22.   DOI
42 Sckatzki, T., Cetina, K. K., and Savigny, E. V. (2001), The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, London and New York: Routledge.
43 Soroush, V., and Deb, R. (2018), "The Spread of True and False News Online", Science, Vol. 359, No. 6380, pp. 1146-1151.   DOI
44 Spaargaren, G. (2003), "Sustainable Consumption: A Theoretical and Environmental Policy Perspective", Society and Natural Resources, Vol. 16, pp. 687-701.   DOI
45 Wynne, B. (1992), "Uncertainty and Environmental Learning: Reconceiving Science and Policy in the Preventive Paradigm", Global Environmental Change, (June, 1992), pp. 111-127.