• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2003

Objectives : This study examined effects of kyeong points (經穴)' acupuncture of three hand yang collaterals (手三陽經) on the facial thermography in health subjects, because the kyeong point in Yang collaterals belongs to the characteristic of the five elements (五行)meaning fire (火). Methods : The volunteers who participating in this study rested for 20-30 min. atroom temperature (23-$25^{\circ}C$) before the examination and were informed to avoid smoking, drinking and use of any drugsfor the previous day. The thermography of the face was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) at time intervals of 15 minutes : at 15 min before, just before and after, 15 min after, 30 min after and 45 min after acupuncture stimulation. Acupuncture was applied to the left kyeong points (經穴)' of three hand yang collaterals (手三陽經) for 30 minutes. Results : The results showed that kyeong points (經穴)' acupuncture of three hand yang collaterals (手三陽經) decreased the temperature of all the areas of the facial surface comparing to those of the control group. Also, it was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following acupuncture of ST36 increased in the all ROIs (regions of interest) compared to those of the control group. Conclusions : Observing the thermography classified by ROI, it was clear that acupuncture of kyeong points (經穴) of three hand yang collaterals (手三陽經) could modulate thermogram of the facial area however, it is necessary to undertake more investigation supporting these results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.13-33
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• 2002

This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Zusanli (ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 mins in room temperature (23-$25^{\circ}C$) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of face was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) by time interval of 15 minutes at 15 min before, just before and 15 min after, 30 min after and 45 min after acupuncture stimulation. Acupuncture was applied to the left ST36 for 30 mins. The results showed that acupuncture of ST36 significantly decreased the temperature of all the areas of facial surface comparing to those of control group. Also, it was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following acupuncture of ST36 been increased significantly at the A1, A4, A6, A7 and A9 ROIs (region of interest) comparing that of control group. Observed the thermography classified by ROI, it was clear the fact that acupuncture of ST36 could modulate the specific areas concerning to the facial pathway of Stomach Meridian, because the thermal responses following acupuncture of ST36 were specific at the A1, A2, A5 and A9 ROIs, relatively. These results suggest that acupuncture of ST36 may modulate thermal distributions and changes of facial areas concerned with Stomach Meridian.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Objectives Benign essential blepharospasm is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of differences between facial skin temperaure of the paralyzed side and normal side in Essential Blepharospasm patients. Methods The author studied 13 patients with Essential Blepharospasm. We measured skin temperature of the forehead, zygoma area of the paralyzed side and those of the normal side with The Digital Infrared thermal image. Results There were no significant facial skin temperature differences between the paralyzed side and normal side. Conclusions Thermography is a useful diagnostic tool. But we expect that it is essential to diagnose a disease correctly at an early stage and to find a prompt treatment by introducing and utilizing a simple nonivading diagnofic method other than Thermography.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 2015

Atypical facial pain (AFP) is a type of facial pain which does not fulfill any other diagnosis. It has several features such as no objective signs, no obvious explanation of the cause and poor response to treatments. We report a case of a female patient with AFP on the left maxillary area. The pain was increased by cold innocuous stimulation and thermography showed that the temperature on the painful area was significantly decreased. The pain was successfully alleviated by stellate ganglion block (SGB). Therefore, SGB can be effectively used to treat AFP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

Objective: This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects. Methods: The voiunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature ($19-21^{\circ}C$) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking. drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I.: Dorex. DTI-16UT1. U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimuiation. Thermal temperature of Daying(ST5). Juliao(ST3) and Quanliao(SI18) was measured and compared. Results: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Juliao(ST3) (p<0.05, Data were represented meant ${\pm}$S.E.M.(n=33)). The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the Absolute defference of temperature between Quanliao(SI18) and Juliao(ST3)(p<0.01, Data were represented mean${\pm}$S.E.M. (n=33)). But, acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute defference of temperature between Daying(ST5) and Quanliao(SI18). Also. it was observed that acupuncture of ST36 decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. Conclusions: The results showed that acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute defference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter. study about if acupuncture of Zusanli(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute defference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also. continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2003

This study was examined for effects of acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) on the facial thermography in health subjects, The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 15 mins in room temperature (19-21 ℃) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day, The thermography of face was taken using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (D.I.T.I. : Dorex, DTI-16UT1, U.S.A.) by time interval of 35 minutes at 15 min before and 20 min after acupuncture stimulation. Thermal temperature of Yangbaek(GB14), Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) was measured and compared, The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased the Absolute difference of temperature between Myon-koryo(ST3) and Chichang(ST4) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)), But, acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Yangbaek(GB14) and Chichang(ST4) and particularly decreased the absolute difference of temperature between Vangbaek(GB14) and Myon-koryo(ST3) (p<0,05, Data were represented mean±S,E.M.(n=33)). Also, it was observed that acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) decreased variety of the color tone of thermographic contour line and decreased thermal distribution. The results showed that acupuncture of Chok-5amni(ST36) significantly decreased the absolute difference of temperature of partial facial surface. Hereafter, study about if acupuncture of Chok-Samni(ST36) significantly decrease the absolute difference of temperature of all the areas of facial surface is requested. Also, continued study of effects of acupuncture of other meridian on the facial thermography is requested.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2005

This study discusses the effects of infrared thermography in dentistry. Infrared thermography allows the quantification of infrared rays and provides useful data for dental care and research. It has been used for the diagnosis of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and proposed as an objective measure of myofascial pain. It is closely related to temperature and produces beneficial objective data. A study of the heat emissions from facial structures has the potential to benefit dental diagnosis of TMD, postoperative inferior alveolar damage, and endodontic and conservative treatments. In this paper, we assessed infrared thermography in dentistry and consider future developments of infrared thermography.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.244-252
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• 2006

Objectives : To examine any potential relationships between the types of alopecia and the facial heat distribution in patients with alopecia. Methods : 183 patients with alopecia participated in this study to provide facial heat distribution measured by the Infrared Thermography Scanner (ITS, Nec San-ei Instruments Ltd, Japan). The thermography scan was used in a light- and heat-protected room after 20 minutes' of rest. 1.5m of distance was maintained between the patients and the scanner. Results : Specificity in the type of facial heat distribution was found as follow. 1. Types of facial heat distribution can be classified as T-type and diffused patterns. 2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facial heat distribution among different types of alopecia (p=0.002): facial heat distribution appeared T-type in androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium (71.3%, 85.7%, 70.4%), whereas diffused pattern was dominant in seborrheic alopecia (55.6%). 3. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facial heat distribution between men and women (p<0.001) : While the T-type and diffused type appeared equally in men (50.6% : 49.4%), T-type was dominant in women (88.0% vs. 12.0%). Conclusions : We conclude that the pattern of facial heat distribution differs depending on the types of alopecia and gender. These differences may provide useful information for diagnosis and clinical therapy for this population.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2006

Objectives: To examine any potential relationships between the types of alopecia and the facial heat distribution in patients with alopecia Methods: 183 patients with alopecia participated in this study to provide facial heat distribution measured by the Infrared Thermography Scanner (ITS, Nec San-ei Instruments Ltd, Japan). The thermography scan was used in a light-and heat-protected room after 20 minutes’of resting period. 1.5m of distance maintained between the patients and ITS. Results: Specificity in the type of facial heat distribution was found as follow. 1. Types of facial heat distribution can be classified as T-type and diffused patterns. 2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facial heat distribution among different types of alopecia (p=0.002): facial heat distribution appeared T-type in Androgenic Alopecia, Alopecia Areata, and Telogen Effluvium (71.3%, 85.7%, 70.4%), whereas diffused pattern was dominant in Seborrheic Alopecia(55.6%). 3. There was a significant difference in the pattern of facialheat distribution between men and women (p<0.001): While the T-type and diffused type were equally appeared in men (50.6%: 49.4%), T-type was dominant in women (88.0% vs. 12.0%). Conclusions: We conclude that the pattern of facial heat distribution differs depends on the types of alopecia and gender. These differences may provide useful information for the diagnosis and clinical therapy for this population.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.126-136
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• 2007

Objectives : Bell's palsy in an acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis that usually affects only one side of the face. The seventh cranial nerve carries predominantly motor fibers, but also supplies some autonomic innervation, sensation to park of the ear, and taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of differences between facial skin temperature of the paralyzed side and normal side in Bell's palsy patients. Methods : the author studied 68 patients with Bell's palsy whose facial nerve function had been documented by the House-Brackmann grading system. We measured skin temperature of the forehead, zygoma, lower lip, temple and lower jaw area of the paralyzed side and those of the normal side. Results : there were significant facial skin temperature differences between the forehead area of paralyzed side and that of normal side of GrII(P<0.05) and III(P<0.05). The result also showed that the facial skin temperature difference according to the aflection period vanished when air temperature was calibrated (F=1.700, P=0.178). Conclusions : Thermography is a useful diagnostic tool in Bell's palsy if the air temperature is low enough to cool the facial skin temperature and the forehead area is evaluated as the sampling zone.