• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1997

This thesis is a reflection of Korean aestheticism and how it has evolved and influenced Korean contemporary fashion throughout the last century. Up to the current, there have been five notable trends of fashion that have been influenced from and have reflected the qualities emblematic of various periods in Korean history. They can be characterized as the era of Missionary fashion, Uniform fashion, Salon fashion, Brand Name Fashion, and finally, fashion from the current era of diversification. The specific characteristics of each fashion era have been analized and illustrated in a comprehensive table. Design characteristics of Korean contemporary fashion are as follows : 1. A point of emphasis is given to facial feature, unconstructive design and ample silhouette and A silhouette, two-piece and pants. Korean style wrap skirt, a smooth curve and layered style. 2. Effect of flatness from material; as methods of quilting, reinforced dual stitching(Kaeki), patchwork, embroidery and goldfoil thread extra, it is turned up that texture of cloth stuff and effects of flatness. 3. Simple color combinations give effects in two different directions For instance, white and a variety of vivid colors, a dull color and bright colors, black, blue. 4. Over-design, diffusion of fashion. Based on the design characteristics described above, the essence of Korea's beauty consciousness can be captured and summarized through the following points: 1. Emotionalism and non-characterism: traditional and simple natural beauty and modernized natural beauty. 2. From authoritism to non-authoritism: traditional and formal personal beauty and casual characteristic beauty. 3. Polaris (antithesis) phenomenon: chastic beauty and ostentatious beauty, simplicity and lavishness, conformity of fashion and originality. Although the beauty consciousness of Korean contemporary fashion is changing from traditional passive metaphor to aesthetic expressionism for the new generation, after all the basic foundation or root of the spiritual beauty of idealism is usually recognized by focusing on the face.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.100-114
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• 1995

This bibliographic study was designed to research indications of the Moschus which was representatively used for resuscitation in acute stage of stroke throughout successive books of oriental medicine. Especially, in this study, severe cases with disturbance of consciousness and acute stage of stroke were investigated. The results were summarized as the followings: 1. The Moschus was dried material which secreted from aromatic vescicle of Moschus moschiferus L.. which was pungent in flavor, warm in nature, nontoxic and strongly aromatic. The Moschus removed the obstruction in the channels and used to early stage of stroke. 2. The Moschus was aromatic resuscitatable medicine, which recovered disturbance of consciousness due to stroke. 3. The Moschus had excitatory actions of respirtory center and vascular motor center, heart stimulating action, inhibitatory action of the platelet aggregation and anti thrombin action and recovered cerebral ischemic change. According to these actions, the Moschus could be used cerebral infarction. 4. Prescriptions included the Moschus was used to symptoms of unconsciousness, secretion, stuporous mental state, dysarthria, facial palsy and hemiplegia. That was Angungwoohwangh wan(安宮牛黃丸), Woohwangchungshimwon(牛黃淸心元), Sahyangsohaphangwon(麝香蘇合香元), etc. According to the above mentioned results, the Moschus was aromatic resuscitatable medicine which was used for symptoms of conscius disturbance, convulsion, sudden fainting etc., promoted cerebral blood flow and had good effect on acute stage of stroke and severe cases with conscious disturbance. Therefore, it is considered that the Moschus must be studied for effect of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage in clinic with animal's and pharmacological experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.28-39
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• 1994

Clinical studies were made on 79 cases with thalamic hemorrhage diagnosed by computed tomographic scan and only localized on the thalamic area, were admitted to the Kyung San University Taegu Oriental Medical Hospital from August 1990 to March 1994. The age and sex distribution, sites of hematoma, recurrence rate, incidence of hypertension, inducing factor, prodromal syndroms, symptoms and neurologic signs on admission, relationship between the hospital course and many factors affecting the prognosis such as age, side of hematoma, level of consciousness, volume of the hematoma. ventricular hemorrhage were analysed. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The most prevalent age group was above 60 years of age with 50-59 years, 70-79 years, 40-49 years and 80-89 years of age in the order of frequency. Male to female ratio was 1:1.55. 2. The ratio of left hematoma to the right was 1.32:1. The recurrence rate of cerebrovascular accident was 17.7% 3. The incidence of hypertension was 69.6% and inducing factors of thalamic hemorrhage in the order of frequency were physical work(29.1%), drinking or eating(13.9%), walking(12.7%) and rest(12.7%), The prodromal syndroms were numbness of extremities(5.1%), headache(2.5%), fatigue(2.5%), dizziness(1.3%), insomnia(1.3%), but prodromal syndrom was not found in 89.9% of thalamic hemorrhage. 4. The symptoms and neurologic signs on admission in the order of frequency were motor disturbance(98.7%), dysarthria(82.3%), positive Babinski sign(78.5%), headache(69.6%), dizziness(62.0%). hemisensory deficit(48.1%). nausea or vomiting(39.2%), absent or sluggish light reflex(35.4%), changes of consciousness (35.4%), dysphagia (20.3%), voiding difficulty.(13.9%), facial palsy(6.3%), aphasia(3.8%), seizure(38%), 6th N. palsy(3.8%) and small pupil(1.3%). 5. The rate of improvement was found almost equally in the 4th, 5th and 6th decades, but it was shown with dramatic decrease in the over 7th decades. The hospital course had no relationship with the side of hematoma but the level of consciousness had influence upon the prognosis. 6, The small hematoma had better outcome than large in the volume of hematoma under 15cc, but volume of the hematoma had no influence upon the prognosis because the rate of improvement was 75.0% in the volume of hematoma over 15cc. The hospital course had no relationship with ventricular hemorrhage.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Bruxism is nonfunctional jaw movement that includes clenching, grinding and gnashing of teeth. It usually occurs during sleep, but with functional abnormality of brain, it can be seen during consciousness. Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) can involve the masticatory, lower facial, and tongue muscles and may result in trismus, bruxism, involuntary jaw opening or closure, and involuntary tongue movement. Its prevalence in the general population is 21%, but its incidence after brain injury is unknown, Untreated, bruxism and OMD cause masseter hypertrophy, headache, temporomandibular joint destruction and total dental wear. We report a case of successful treatment of bruxism and OMD after brain injury treated with botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliance. The patient was a 59-year-old man with operation history of frontal craniotomy and removal of malformed vessel secondary to cerebral arteriovenous malfomation. We injected with a total 60 units of botulinum toxin A each masseteric muscle and took impression for occlusal appliance fabrication under general anesthesia. On follow up 2 weeks and 2 months, the patient remained almost free of bruxism. We propose that botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliances be considered as a treatment for bruxism and OMD after brain injury.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2017

Infratentorial cerebral hemorrhage due to a direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is very rare. To our knowledge, only four such cases have been reported. Cerebellar hemorrhage due to a direct CCF has not been reported. We describe a 63-year-old female who presented with reduced consciousness 3 days after undergoing a maxillectomy for maxillary cancer. Computed tomography showed a cerebellar hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a left-sided direct CCF draining into the left petrosal and cerebellar veins through the left superior petrosal sinus (SPS). Her previous surgery had sacrificed the pterygoid plexus and facial vein. Increased blood flow and reduced drainage could have led to increased venous pressure in infratentorial veins, including the petrosal and cerebellar veins. The cavernous sinus has several drainage routes, but the SPS is one of the most important routes for infratentorial venous drainage. Stenosis or absence of the posterior segment of the SPS can also result in increased pressure in the cerebellar and pontine veins. We emphasize that a direct CCF with cortical venous reflux should be precisely evaluated to determine the hemodynamic status and venous drainage from the cavernous sinus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 2021

A 58-year-old man, incapable of maintaining oxygen saturation with mechanical ventilation, was admitted to our hospital for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment. He was diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to influenza A pneumonia. His condition stabilized with antibiotics and steroid administration, but weaning from ECMO failed due to post-infectious pulmonary sequelae. On day 84 after admission, he underwent bilateral lung transplantation. In the postoperative phase, he did not regain consciousness even after discontinuation of sedatives for 3 days. However, spontaneous pupillary reflex and eye movements were preserved, while communication and upper and lower limb movements were affected. The nerve conduction study was diagnostic of Guillain-Barré syndrome. He was managed with intravenous immunoglobulins and plasmapheresis. Mild recovery of the facial muscles was seen, but he died 24 days post-surgery due to progressive ARDS and sepsis.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.115-132
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• 2015

An animation is a tool to represent the consciousness of an author. It is a medium that converts his/her consciousness to time by the means of spaces. Image is the most inherent element among the elements of an animation. Character is the element that has the very core function among the elements of an image because a character is a shape that can deliver a story through various actions and facial expressions. In this context, is a representative satire animation that describes a ranked and unequal human society and selfishness and absurdity of human beings existed in the human society, based on the original work of George Orwell. Therefore, this study aims to study what the work tries to satirize through the meanings and symbols that the characters, animals, and spaces in the work. As a result of the study, it was found that the characters appeared in the work are metaphoric symbols that imply the meanings of each character, not just simple characters or spaces. In the work, the farm is a symbolic space that symbolizes a human world. John, a human being, is described as a dictator in an absolute Russian monarchy who suppresses people. Old Major, a pig, is described as an old pioneer that preaches the appropriation of a revolution while Snow Ball, a pig that follows the Major is described as a naive leader that dreams to establish a real socialist state where everybody lives equal, through successful revolution. Another pig, Napoleon is described as the more greedy dictator than human being. He killed Snow Ball for his private ambition and suppresses and exploits the same race, animals. That is, setting man and various animals in the relation of dominant class and subordinated class, the author generates conflicts among characters. Although the characters pursue an ideal society through revolution, it requires another revolution in the process, which expresses repetitive contradiction of human history in a symbolic and strong way.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 1995

The need to assess preoperative psychological characteristics of orthognathic surgery patients has recently been recognized. Fifty six patients were involved in this study, they were investigated in the preoperative psychosocial aspects. Korean Version Eysenk Personality Questionaire and Korean Version Tennessee Self-Concept Scale were used for psychological test. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference of sex and age in the personality dimension, the selfconcept scale, and the preoperative tests(P>0.05). 2. 37% of subjects showed phonetic problem, 60% masticatory problem and 56% social problem for facial deformity. The first choice was the face in the order of correction for mastication, phonation and face. And 83% of the subjects forecasted the change in their face after surgical correction, The answer was generally vague. 64% of the subjects expected their personality to become more lively as a result of their operation. 3. Total positive self score and personal self score were less improved in the groups with high scores of toughmindness and neuroticism(P<0.05), degree of suffering was increased in the group with high scores of neuroticism(P<0.05). 4. Degree of subjective deformity, self-consciousness, and degree of dissimilarity were more improved in the group of intraversion, there was a significant correlation with degree of dissimilarity in the group with high score of toughmindness(r=-.64, P<0.05). 5. There was a significant correlation with the forecast of change in the groups with high score in extraversion(r=.59, P<0.01) and with low score in neuroticism(r=-.39, P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.135-150
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was intended to investigate drag queens' and drag kings' gender identity not only as a comic and desexualized drag borrowing external characteristics of the opposite sex but also as the subject visualizing and performing' the third sex'. It also aimed to examine formative aesthetic characteristics and aesthetical value of drag queen's and drag king's fashion and to confirm the functions of drag queen's and drag kins's fashion to establish, visualize and Perform the discordant sex. For this process, research steps were as follows : 1. Understanding drag, drag queen and drag king in social, psychological context as well as in gender context. 2. Finding visualized forms which drag performance interchange with mass media 3. Analyzing similarities and differences between drag queen's fashion and drag king's fashion. 4. Examining the aesthetical characteristics and the value of drag queen's and drag king's fashion. The results of characteristics of drag queen's fashion could be categorized into stereotype, mimicry, kitch, inconsistency and commercialism. And the characteristics of drag king's fashion could be divided into reality, self-consciousness, mimicry, inconsistency, subversion and multiplicity. Drag queens create plausible impressions of feminity through the use of wigs, dresses, jewelry, makeup, hormones and through &role Playing&. Similarly drag kings produce a plausible masculinity taking gay male aesthetic using suits, crotch stuffers, facial hair, and greased hair. Male and female impersonation produce very different notions of gender performance for male and female embodiment. Drag kings' performance of masculinity demands authentic property of bodies so rather nonperformative, while drag queens' performance of femininity depends on more visible and theatrical fashion.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis, recently recognized as a form of paraneoplastic encephalitis, is characterized by a prodromal phase of unspecific illness with fever that resembles a viral disease. The prodromal phase is followed by seizures, disturbed consciousness, psychiatric features, prominent abnormal movements, and autonomic imbalance. Here, we report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with initial symptoms of epilepsia partialis continua in the absence of tumor. Briefly, a 3-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital due to right-sided, complex partial seizures without preceding febrile illness. The seizures evolved into epilepsia partialis continua and were accompanied by epileptiform discharges from the left frontal area. Three weeks after admission, the patient's seizures were reduced with antiepileptic drugs; however, she developed sleep disturbances, cognitive decline, noticeable oro-lingual-facial dyskinesia, and choreoathetoid movements. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis was confirmed by positive detection of NMDAR antibodies in the patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and her condition slowly improved with immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and rituximab. At present, the patient is no longer taking multiple antiepileptic or antihypertensive drugs. Moreover, the patient showed gradual improvement of motor and cognitive function. This case serves as an example that a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered when children with uncontrolled seizures develop dyskinesias without evidence of malignant tumor. In these cases, aggressive immunotherapies are needed to improve the outcome of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.