• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 2012

Recently, the research on ICT (Information and Communication Technology), which cognizes and communicates human's emotion through information technology, is increasing. For instance, there are researches on phones and services that perceive users' emotions through detecting people's voices, facial emotions, and biometric data. In short, emotions which were used to be predicted only by humans are, now, predicted by digital equipment instead. Among many ICT researches, research on emotion recognition from face is fully expected as the most effective and natural human interface. This paper studies about sensitivity ICT and examines mechanism of facial expression recognition system as an example of sensitivity ICT.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.476-483
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to make a suitable images for korean emotional expressions. KSFI(Korean Standard Facial Image)-AUs was produced from korean standard apperance and FACS(Facial Action coding system)-AUs. For the objectivity of KSFI, the survey was examined about emotion recognition rate and contribution of emotion recognition in facial elements from six-basic emotional expression images(sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, anger and surprise). As a result of the experiment, the images of happiness, surprise, sadness and anger which had shown higher accuracy. Also, emotional recognition rate was mainly decided by the facial element of eyes and a mouth. Through the result of this study, KSFI contents which could be combined AU images was proposed. In this future, KSFI would be helpful contents to improve emotion recognition rate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.371-376
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposes a method for recognizing the facial expressions using ICA(Independent Component Analysis)-factorial representation method. Facial expression recognition consists of two stages. First, a method of Feature extraction transforms the high dimensional face space into a low dimensional feature space using PCA(Principal Component Analysis). And then, the feature vectors are extracted by using ICA-factorial representation method. The second recognition stage is performed by using the Euclidean distance measure based KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor) algorithm. We constructed the facial expression database for six basic expressions(happiness, sadness, angry, surprise, fear, dislike) and obtained a better performance than previous works.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.671-681
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• 2013

Persona means the mask of personality where the internal ego exposes itself to the outside. The complicated structure and diversity of contemporary society has provided men with a more variegated and diversified persona; in addition, advancements in internet and information communications creates the possibility for the emergence of more variegated and new persona. This study probes the persona of virtual space expressed in fashion designs; subsequently, this study reviews the concept and various characteristics of persona and examines the type of persona in the virtual space from the perspective of the manifestation of identity. The type of persona in the virtual space canbe categorized into flexible identity and falsified identity; subsequently, the characteristics and meanings of virtual space persona in fashion designs are analyzed. Flexible identity-oriented personas expressed in fashion designs are revealed through the images of animals or dolls. This is a childlike persona expression that expresses ego through other substances in an effort to express infantile substances such as dreams and fantasy cherished in childhood. Falsified identity-oriented personas are expanded as a realm of expression of the body and the realities are camouflaged as transformed persona. Negating existence itself by covering the eyes or face as well as the concealment of the body with masks or veils is an expression of a self-denying persona.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.932-938
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• 2012

Facial expression has its significance in mutual communication. It is the only means to express human's countless inner feelings better than the diverse languages human use. This paper suggests muscle model-based 3D facial expression generation system to produce easy and natural facial expressions. Based on Waters' muscle model, it adds and used necessary muscles to produce natural facial expressions. Also, among the complex elements to produce expressions, it focuses on core, feature elements of a face such as eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, and cheeks and uses facial muscles and muscle vectors to do the grouping of facial muscles connected anatomically. By simplifying and reconstructing AU, the basic nuit of facial expression changes, it generates easy and natural facial expressions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.438-444
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• 2008

In this study, we propose a automatic facial expression generation tool which can generate various facial expressions efficiently for animation characters expressing various emotion. For this purpose, 9 types of facial expressions were defined by adopting Russell's pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleep coordinate values of infernal states. And by rendering specific coordinate values consisted of the two basic dimensions of emotion(i.e., dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and arousal-sleep) and their combination, the proposed automatic facial expression generation tool could yield various facial expressions which reflected subtle changes in characters' emotion. It is expected that the tool could provide useful method of generating character face with various emotion.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2022

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NL) extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese db/db mice. NL extract among various parts (leaf, seed, and root) of N. nucifera most effectively reduced adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of NL extract enhanced the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as compared to untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The oral administration of NL extract (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced food efficacy ratio, body weight, and face or total cholesterol level in obese db /db mice. Also, administration of NL extract significantly decreased adipocyte size and C/EBPα or PPARγ expression in the adipose tissues as compared with control (obese db/db mice). Therefore, our results suggest that NL extract among various parts of N. nucifera could be used as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.399-413
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• 2023

cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the most intensively studied phosphorylation-dependent transcription factors that provide evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of differential gene expression in vertebrates and invertebrates. Many cellular protein kinases that function downstream of distinct cell surface receptors are responsible for the activation of CREB. Upon functional dimerization of the activated CREB to cis-acting cAMP responsive elements within the promoters of target genes, it facilitates signal-dependent gene expression. From the discovery of CREB, which is ubiquitously expressed, it has been proven to be involved in a variety of cellular processes that include cell proliferation, adaptation, survival, differentiation, and physiology, through the control of target gene expression. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of CREB proteins in the nervous system, the immune system, cancer development, hepatic physiology, and cardiovascular function and further discuss a wide range of CREB-associated diseases and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

In this paper, a method is proposed that enhances the performance of the facial expression recognition using template matching of Local Binary Pattern(LBP) histogram. In this method, the face image is segmented into blocks, and the LBP histogram is constructed to be used as the feature of the block. Block dissimilarity is calculated between a block of input image and the corresponding block of the model image. Image dissimilarity is defined as the weighted sum of the block dissimilarities. In conventional methods, the block weights are assigned by intuition. In this paper a new method is proposed that optimizes the weights from training samples. An experiment shows the recognition rate is enhanced by the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.613-617
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• 2021

According to the growth of the service industry, stresses from emotional labor workers have been emerging as a social problem, thereby so-called the Emotional Labor Protection Act was implemented in 2018. However, insufficient substantial protection systems for emotional workers emphasizes the necessity of a digital stress management system. Thus, in this paper, we suggest a stress detection system for customer service representatives based on deep learning facial expression recognition. This system consists of a real-time face detection module, an emotion classification FER module that deep-learned big data including Korean emotion images, and a monitoring module that only visualizes stress levels. We designed the system to aim to monitor stress and prevent mental illness in emotional workers.