• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.959-967
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• 2005

The color of apparels has the interaction of the face skin colors of the wearers. This study was carried out to classify the face skin colors of Korean males into several similar face skin colors in order to extract favorable colors which flatter to their face skin colors. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors have to be decided. With color spectrometer, JX-777, face skin colors of subjects were measured quantitatively and classified into three clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell Color System. Sample size was 418 Korean males and other 15 of new males subjects. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, Stepwise discriminant analysis using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1. 418 subjects who have YR colors were clustered into 3 kinds of face skin color groups. 2. Discriminant variables of face skin colors was 4 variables : L value of forehead, v value of cheek, c value of forehead, and b value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 1 and c value of forehead, L value of forehead, b value of cheek. and L value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 2. 3. Hit ratio of type 1 was $92.3\%$, of type 2 was $96.5\%$ and of type 3 was $92.6\%$ by the canonical discriminant function of 4 variables. 4. The canonical discriminant function equation 1 and 2 were calculated with the unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficient and constant, the cutting score, and range of the score were computed. 5. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors was decided.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1874-1884
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• 1996

In this paper, we proposed automatic searching algorithm of thresholding value using multilevel thresholding for face segmentation from input bust image effectively. The proposed algorithm extracted the thresholding value of brightness that is formed background region, face region and hair region without illumination, background and face size from input image. The statistical projection analysis project the brightness of multilevel thresholding image into horizontal and vertical direction and decide the thresholding value of face. And the algorithm extracted elliptical type block of face from input image in order to reduce the back ground region and hair region efficiently. The proposed algorithm can reduce searching area of feature extraction and processing time for face recognication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.7 s.144
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• pp.978-986
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• 2005

The color of apparel products have a close relationship with the face skin colors of consumers. In order to extract the favorable colors which flatter to consumer's face skin colors, this study was carried our to classify the face skin colors of Korean females. The criteria that select new subjects who have the classified face skin colors have to be decided. With color spectrometer, JX-777, face skin colors of subjects were measured and classified into three clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell Color System. Sample size was 324 Korean females and other new 10 college girls. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, Stepwise discriminant analysis using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1. 324 subjects who have YR colors were clustered into 3 face skin color groups. 2. Discriminant variables of face skin colors were 5 variables : b value of cheek, V value of forehead, L value of cheek, C value of forehead and H value of cheek by the standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 1. 3. Hit ratio of type 1 was $96.8\%$, of type 2 was $94.9\%$, of type 3 was $100.0\%$ and mean of hit ratio was $96.9\%$ by canonical discriminant function of 5 variables. 4. With the unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficient and constant, canonical discriminant function equation 1 and 2 were calculated. And cutting score and range of score of the classified types were computed. The criteria that select the new subjects were decided.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2005

Face detection plays an important role in face recognition, video surveillance, and human computer interface. In this paper, we present a face detection system using eye detection with progressive thresholding from a digital camera. The face candidate is detected by using skin color segmentation in the YCbCr color space. The face candidates are verified by detecting the eyes that is located by iterative thresholding and correlation coefficients. Preprocessing includes histogram equalization, log transformation, and gray-scale morphology for the emphasized eyes image. The distance of the eye candidate points generated by the progressive increasing threshold value is employed to extract the facial region. The process of the face detection is repeated by using the increasing threshold value. Experimental results show that more enhanced face detection in real time.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the agreement between traditional face-to-face Korean medicine (KM) pattern identification and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification using the data from related questionnaires, tongue image, and pulse features in patients with cancer. Methods: From January to June 2020, 16 participants with a cancer diagnosis were recruited at the one Korean medicine hospital. Three experienced Korean medicine doctors independently diagnosed the participants whether they belong to the cold pattern or not, heat pattern or not, deficiency pattern or not, and excess pattern or not. Another researcher collected KM pattern related data using questionnaires including Cold-Heat Pattern Identification (CHPI), tongue image analysis system, and pulse analyzer. Collected KM pattern related data without participants' identifier was provided for the three Korean medicine doctors in random order, and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification was carried out. The kappa value between face-to-face and non-face-to-face pattern identification was calculated. Results: From the face-to-face pattern identification, there were 13/3 cold/non-cold pattern, 4/12 heat/non-heat pattern, 14/2 deficiency/non-deficiency pattern, and 0/16 excess/non-excess pattern participants. In cold/non-cold pattern, kappa value was 0.455 (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.67, accuracy: 0.81). In heat/non-heat pattern, the kappa value was 0.429 (sensitivity: 0.75, specificity: 0.72, accuracy: 0.75). The kappa value of deficiency/non-deficiency and excess/non-excess pattern was not calculated because of the few participants of non-deficiency, and excess pattern. Conclusions: The agreement between traditional face-to-face pattern identification and non-face-to-face pattern identification seems to be moderate. The non-face-to-face pattern identification using questionnaires, tongue, and pulse features may feasible for the large clinical study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.99-111
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to identity face satisfaction and make-up behavior according to their lifestyles of middle aged women. The subjects were 350 women of 40 - 59 years old. The results of this study were as follow: 1. Lifestyle factors of middle aged women were self confidence, leisure activities, interests in appearance, economical efficiency, conservatism, and value-orientation. They were classified into four types of dignified & appearance interested group, passive stagnated group, unconfident & economic group, and value-oriented & leisure group according to their lifestyles. 2. They were satisfied with their eyes, lips, and eyebrows, but not satisfied with face tone, face shape, and skin texture. Total face satisfaction level was over average. The face satisfaction level of dignified & appearance interested group and value-oriented & leisure group were higher than other groups, but that of passive stagnated group was the lowest. 3. They pursued internal beauty and natural makeup, and did not follow trendy colors. Dignified & appearance interested group pursued characteristic, elegant, changeable, and various make-up colors, but value-oriented & leisure group pursued more various, changeable, and trendy colors. They did not prefer trendy products because of high price. Dignified & appearance interested group and unconfident & economic group were highly price-oriented, but value-oriented & leisure group purchased trendy products. 4. Dignified & appearance interested group included working women with not much income, but passive stagnated group included low-educated and non-working women. Unconfident & economic group included low-educated non-working women with not much income, but value-oriented & leisure group included highly-educated working women with high income.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2018

For the purpose of the basic educated-establishment on the diagnostic methods of "facial color and shape which reflect human's spiritual essence and personality", we study on the diagnostic value and application of the human face. The study's domain is divided the form and color of human face. And the form and color of human face is respectively observed the diagnostic value and contents. The form of human face reflect plenty the information of the mankind, and the observation of the face is applied to the "Physiognomie" refering to the external features of humans. Therefore the diagnosis on the form of human face is the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the discrimination of the Sasang constitution, and the classification of Hyunsang type. The color of human face reflect the physical information of internal organs and the pathological change of disease, therefore we examine the region, character and grade of disease by the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and luster of the facial skin. The inspection on the color is also the primary factor in the grouping of five-element human, the classification of Hyunsang and the differentiation of syndromes. The value of the inspection of complexion including the changes of color and form of the face is widely known. In the future, we think, we need to study more about the theory of the diagnostic value and application of the human face.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.387-405
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to develop a communality model to measure the service quality that the customers encounter on face-to-face and non-face-to-face automobile insurance before and after insurance purchase. Methods: For these purposes, we conduct a five-step program to develop a comprehensive communality model to measure service quality except insurance purchase channels. Results: As a result, we find five communality factors: value-added service for automobile maintenance, value-added service for drivers, quickness, dispatch service, and convenience of the service process. And the relative importance of service quality factors was in the order of value-added service for drivers, the convenience of the service process, quickness, and dispatch service, respectively. Conclusion: This study developed the opportunities to enhance service quality to attract customers. And it contributes to the academic literature by reporting the industry-specific service quality model, which maintains a theoretical gap in the online and offline automobile insurance industry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.293-304
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to describe the morphologic differences between long-face adults and normal-face adults on the lateral and P-A cephalograms. Long-face and normal-face subifects were selected clinically, and then each of them was taken the lateral cephalogram. According to SN-MP angle and ATFH on the lateral cephalogram, long-face group and normal-face group were classified. 2 long-face adults and 18 normal-face adults were collected, and each of them was taken the P-A cephalogram. The results were as follows: 1. The morphologic differences between long-face adults and normal-face adults were closely related to mandibular morphology. 2. Long-face adults, compared with normal-face adults, demonstrated significant increase in ALFH, and significant decrease in ramus height. 3. Long-face adults, compared with normal-face adults, demonstrated significant increase in AUDH and, ALDH, especially in ALDH. 4. On the P-A cephalogram, no measures of transverse dimension demonstrated significant differences between two groups. 5. On the P-A cephalogram, facial height/facial width ratio was significantly larger than normal in the long-face adults, and in the normal-face adults, facial height/facial width ratio was approximately 90%. 6. In the correlation analysis of SN-MP angle and ATFH with all the other variables, the correlation coefficients of SN-MP angle and PTFH/ATFH that of ATFH and ALFH on the lateral cephalogram demonstrated the highest value, and on the P-A cephalogram, SN-MP angle and Cg-GA-Me (Lt.), ATFH and lower facial height demonstrated the highest value of correlation coefficients.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose face feature extraction algorithm through stereo image's matching value. The proposed algorithm detected face region by change the RGB color space of skin color information to the YCbCr color space. Applying eye-template from extracted face region geometrical feature vector of feature about distance and lean, nose and mouth between eye extracted. And, Proposed method could do feature of eyes, nose and mouth through stereo image's matching as well as 2D feature information extract. In the experiment, the proposed algorithm shows the consistency rate of 73% in distance within about 1m and the consistency rate of 52%in distance since about 1m.