• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2011

Generally in order to reduce the steel weight of stiffened plate, stiffener spaces tend to be narrow and the plate gets thin. However, it will involve more fabrication cost because it can lead to the increase of welding length and the number of structural members. In the yard, the design which is able to reduce the total fabrication cost is needed, although it requires more steel weight. The purpose of this study is to find optimum stiffener spaces to minimize the fabrication cost for the cargo tank of LPG Carriers. Global optimization methods such as ES(Evolution Strategy) and GA(Genetic Algorithm) are introduced to find a global optimum solution and the sum of steel material cost and labor cost is selected as main objective function. Convergence degree of both methods in according to the size of searching population is examined and an efficient size is investigated. In order to verify the necessity of the optimum design based on the cost, minimum weight design and minimum cost design are carried out.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2005

A structural design system is developed for the optimum design of double hull tankers based on the multi-objective function method. As a multi-objective function method, Pareto optimal based random search method is adopted to find the minimum structural weight and fabrication cost. The fabrication cost model is developed by considering the welding technique, welding poses and assembly stages to manage the fabrication man-hour and process. In this study, a new structural design is investigated due to the rapidly increased material cost. Several optimum structural designs on the basis of high material cost are carried out based on the Pareto optimal set obtained by the random search method. The design results are compared with existing ship, which is designed under low material cost.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.154-164
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• 1994

In this study, to find an economical production method which yields welded built-up beams with high quality, simulation techniques and optimization method are used. At first, fabrication variables such as welding current, voltage and speed and heated depth and breadth are selected and fabrication cost of a built-up beam is expressed by these parameters, which is optimized under the constraints. As advanced studies, total production cost including the fabrication cost and the material cost of the beam is expressed by the fabrication and design variables, and optimized with the design constraints by the class rules. In addition, assuming that heating for straightening is impossible. the optimization method of multi-objective functions based on the weighting method is applied to obtain the compromised optimal solutions of the total production cost and the welding deformation.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2014

This paper presents the structure and process technology of simple and low-cost wafer-level packaging (WLP) for thin film radio frequency (RF) devices. Low-cost practical micromachining processes were proposed as an alternative to high-cost processes, such as silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) or electro-plating, in order to reduce the fabrication cost. Gold (Au)/Tin (Sn) alloy was utilized as the solder material for bonding and hermetic sealing. The small size fabricated WLP of $1.04{\times}1.04{\times}0.4mm^3$ had an average shear strength of 10.425 $kg/mm^2$, and the leakage rate of all chips was lower than $1.2{\times}10^{-5}$ atm.cc/sec. These results met Military Standards 883F (MIL-STD-883F). As the newly proposed WLP structure is simple, and its process technology is inexpensive, the fabricated WLP is a good candidate for thin film type RF devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.771-775
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• 2015

In this paper, we designed and fabricated low cost imprinting process for micro patterning on FCCL (flexible copper clad laminate). Compared to conventional imprinting process, developed fabrication method processing imprint and UV photolithography step simultaneously and it does not require resin etch process and it can also reduce the fabrication cost and processing time. Based on proposed method, patterns with $10{\mu}m$ linewidth are fabricated on $180mm{\times}180mm$ FCCL. Compared to conventional methods using LDI (laser direct imaging) equipment that showed minimum line with $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$, proposed method shows comparable pattern resolution with very competitive price and shorter processing time. In terms of mass production, it can be applied to fabrication of large-area low cost applications including FPCB.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a cost accounting of implant prosthesis according to the fabrication activities. Methods: In this study, the cost price of implant prosthesis fabrication activities was calculated by the bottom-up costing approach for material and labor cost and the top-down costing approach for expenses and other. Results: The total cost price was estimated to 220,000 ~ 310,000 won per one implant prosthesis. By product, the screw type was estimated to 220,000 ~ 230,000 won, and when the stent and tray were included, it was 260,000 ~ 270,000 won, which increased about 40,000 won. And, the cement type with more material and labor time was estimated to 250,000 ~ 260,000 won, and when the stent and tray were included, it was about 300,000 won. Conclusion: In terms of the fabrication cost ratio by items, it was shown that material cost and labor cost accounted for about 40% and 30% of the total cost structure for resin case, respectively, which was the opposite for porcelain. It was shown that expenses and general administrative expenses accounted for about 15%, and profits were about 11% ~ 14% in both cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.441-446
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• 1996

A preliminary conceptual design of the DUPIC fuel fabrication plant with production capacity of 400 MTHE/yr is presented. Capital and operating costs are also included. The levelized unit fabrication cost (LUC) for a reference mode was estimated at $509/kgHE, and sensitivity of some variable parameters to this reference was analysed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.399-408
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• 2021

Information security reports four types of basic attacks on information. One of the attacks is named as fabrication. Even though mobile devices and applications are showing its maturity in terms of performance, security and ubiquity, location-based applications still faces challenges of quality of service, privacy, integrity, authentication among mobile devices and hence mobile users associated with the devices. There is always a continued fear as how location information of users or IoT appliances is used by third party LB Service providers. Even adversary or malicious attackers get hold of location information in transit or fraudulently hold this information. In this paper, location information fabrication scenarios are presented after knowing basic model of information attacks. Peer-to-Peer broadcast model of location privacy is proposed. This document contains introduction to fabrication, solutions to such threats, management of fabrication mitigation in collaborative or peer to peer location privacy and its cost analysis. There are various infrastructure components in Location Based Services such as Governance Server, Point of interest POI repository, POI service, End users, Intruders etc. Various algorithms are presented and analyzed for fabrication management, integrity, and authentication. Moreover, anti-fabrication mechanism is devised in the presence of trust. Over cost analysis is done for anti-fabrication management due to nature of various cryptographic combinations.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.477-488
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• 2015

This study demonstrates that low pressure membranes are the ideal choice for industrial and/or municipal wastewater treatment by showing some promising experimental results, understanding different membrane filtration models, studying the potential of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), considering ceramic membranes fabrication and illustrating the role of nanotechnology in membranes. Cost study calculations are included to determine the treatment cost as well as the initial cost of various membrane types. Results showed that integrated membranes are preferred over MBR in case of average capacities. However, higher capacity situations are the most economical choice for MBR. It is shown that the least treatment cost in MBR was about $0.13/m^3$. However, the $0.13/m^3$ is the theoretical cost which is very small compared to the actual average MBR treatment cost of $0.5/m^3$.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.327-342
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognition of denture fabrication activities and its cost in National Health Insurance for elderly denture. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 41 dental laboratories' owner who was research subjects of HIRA(Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service)'s policy research for elderly denture in 2011. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, dental technicians' knowledge of national health insurance coverage of elderly denture, job-related changes after national health insurance coverage of elderly denture including validity of denture fabrication activity classification and the cost for each service. Each question was measured by Likert 5 point scale or frequency. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Results: Most of the research subjects had been fabricating national health insurance coverage denture(92.7%), also had ample knowledge of national health insurance coverage denture for elderly. Job-related changes after national health insurance coverage of elderly denture revealed marginal differences in the quality. The validity of fabrication activity classification of resin based complete denture was $3.71{\pm}1.023$ by Likert 5 point scale. Conclusion: The goal of national health insurance for elderly denture is to promote elderly's health and well-being. To fabricate denture is a very important part of the denture treatment. For this reason, denture fabrication activity classification and the cost analysis plan should be duly reflected in the policy of national health insurance for elderly denture.