• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

A large number of FRP decks are already in service worldwide because the lighter FRP-based bridge decks are ideal for rapid construction to reduce the dead load of superstructures. And the proper design process is demanded for the effective FRP deck application. In this paper, to get the basic prototype of FRP bridge decks, the ratio of individual parameters, which compose the specification of FRP bridge decks, are determined by a finite element analysis. In addition, optimum FRP deck shapes are determined considering complex constraints and material properties of bi-directional characteristics. Upon these results, the prototype of FRP bridge decks is validated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2007

Bridge decks are one of the main structural components that are most suitable for utilizing the advantages of FRP materials due to the high strength weight ratio of FRP materials. Design codes for the design of FRP bridge decks should be established to apply FRP materials for bridge decks effectively. At present, design codes are relatively well established for the use of FRP materials as reinforcements in concrete structures. However, design codes have not yet been provided for the structures made of FRP as a main construction material. In this study, for the purpose of preparing design code provisions, reliability analyses were performed to evaluate target level of safety and serviceability on GFRP decks. Based on the results, several guidelines for the development of design codes are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.134-137
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• 2006

In this paper, performance verification of connection between bridge rail and FRP decks are performed by static test. Also, the effect of flexible bridge rail failure to behavior of FRP deck are examined. Commercial products of flexible bridge rail are applied to test specimen, and 6 types of FRP deck-to-bridge rail connection system are considered. By the test results, 6 types of connection system by the connection method have similar structural capacity and have enough safety margin. Therefore, it is determined that 6 kinds of bridge rail considered in this study can be applied to bridge effectively by the cases of bridge field condition.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2004

Due to their high strength to weight ratios and excellent durability, fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) is widely used in construction industries. In this paper, a shape optimum design of FRP bridge decks haying pultruded cellular cross-section is presented. In the problem formulation, an objective function is selected to minimize the volumes. The cross-sectional dimensions and material properties of the deck of FRP bridges are used as the design variables. On the other hand, deflection limits in the design code, material failure criteria, buckling load, minimum height, and stress are selected as the design constraints to enhance the structural performance of FRP decks. In order to efficiently treat the optimization process, the cross-sectional shape of bridge decks is assumed to be a tube shape. The optimization process utilizes an improved Genetic Algorithms incorporating indexing technique. For the structural analysis using a three-dimensional finite element, a commercial package(ABAQUS) is used. Using a computer program coded for this study, an example problem is solved and the results are presented with sensitivity analysis. The bridge consists of a deck width of 12.14m and is supported by five 40m long steel girders spaced at 2.5m. The bridge is designed to carry a standard DB-24 truck loading according to the Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges in Korea. Based on the optimum design, viable cross-sectional dimensions for FRP decks, suitable for pultrusion process are proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.348-353
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• 2007

This paper presents design specifications and characteristics of bridge expansion joints to develop new type-joints in fiber reinforced polymer decks. Based on properties of the fiber reinforced polymer decks and fundamental process to calculate their expansion length, new expansion joints fur fiber reinforced polymer decks on typical steel or concrete girder are developed and proposed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4A
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• pp.597-604
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• 2006

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a relatively new material in the bridge construction. With high strength to weight ratios, excellent durability, and low life-cycle costs of FRP, FRP bridge decks can offer a low dead load, reduced maintenance, and long service life. Due to the lightweight of FRP, if existing concrete decks can be replaced with the FRP decks, the load carrying capacity of superstructure can be increased without strengthening of girders. In this study, we have conducted an experiment on 7 cases of connection conditions with steel girder by using bolts considering a rational and economical method of connection and compared with the results of FEM analysis. From the experimental result, if the bolts are strong enough to resist shear force between the FRP bridge deck and the steel girder, it will be structurally secure to use the zigzag method.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This paper summarizes the results of the fatigue test of four composite bridge decks in extreme temperatures (-30$^{\circ}C$ and 50$^{\circ}C$ ). The work was performed as part of a research program to evaluate and install multiple FRP bridge deck systems in Dayton, Ohio. A two-span continuous concrete deck was also built on three steel girders for the benchmark tests. Simulated wheel loads were applied simultaneously at two points by two servo-controlled hydraulic actuators specially designed and fabricated to perform under extreme temperatures. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high temperature. Thus, the deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Quasi-static load-deflection and load-strain responses were determined at predetermined fatigue cycle levels. Except for the progressive reduction in stiffness, no significant distress was observed in any of the composite deck prototypes during ten million load cycles. The effects of extreme temperatures and accumulated load cycles on the load-deflection and load-strain response of FRP composite and FRP-concrete hybrid bridge decks are discussed based on the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.108-114
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• 2008

Although FRP is relatively new material for constructional use, there are several commercial GFRP bridge decks available today. In this paper we first set variables which decide the design of a GFRP deck based on commercial products. Under the assumption of linear elastic behavior under DB24 load, all the conditions of stability and serviceability are considered. We seek the best solution which minimizes the cross section area using genetic algorithm. The optimal solution shows that the shape is close to the ASSET deck with larger angle of the web and smaller area.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

The apparent advantages of FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) composites over the conventional structural materials may be attributed to their high specific strength and stiffness. Other affordable properties of FRPs including an excellent durability make them particularly attractive for the structures in severe service conditions. Therefore, the material and sectional properties of a FRP structural component should be designed to meet its specific requirements and service conditions. This paper is performed the material property optimization under optimum design of pultruded FRP bridge deck section. In the problem formulation, an objective function is selected to minimize the maximum R(strength ratio). The thickness of layers, volumes of fibers and matrix fiber orientation, and stacking sequence of FRPs are used as the design variables. Strength ratio in the design code, material failure criteria and pultruded manufacture thickness are selected as the design constraints to enhance the material performance of FRP decks. From the results of the numerical investigation, we obtained the optimum deck section profile for conventional using object.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.12-17
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• 2011

This paper presents the flexural behavior of a hybrid Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(GFRP)-steel decks for use in deteriorated bridge decks replacement. Static load tests were conducted to investigate the structural characteristics of the hybrid FRP-steel deck. The tested deck panel satisfied the design criteria. The failure mode of the hybrid deck was demonstrated ductility with deformation beyond initial yielding. The responses were compared with the ANSYS finite element predictions. It was found that the presented hybrid deck was efficient for use in bridges. The thickness of the hybrid deck may be decreased when compared to that of the all FRP deck with similar flexural rigidity.