• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.157-186
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• 2024

This study aims to understand the symbolic meanings of dragons in the contemporary period through the painting featuring poetry based on the Hwaryong (paintings of dragons) and to analyze the literary representations and characteristics of dragons. First, the shape and aura of the dragon in the paintings should be confirmed. In dragon Painting Poetry (Paintings Featuring Poetry), the shape of the dragon is embodied in the aura of 'spirit.' However, people in previous eras customarily believed that dragons were real. In addition, the main spirit of the Hwaryong was in the representation of the dragon's aura, or "Jeonsin (transmission of spirit)," such as the creature's dragonly virtue or Heavenly Perfection. Next, the rhetorical representation of the dragon in the painting is to be examined. In the actual Painting Poetry, dragon images were relatively common in descriptions of pines, bamboo, and plum trees. The pine-bamboo-plum motif is known as Sehan Samwu (the three friends of the cold season), and since the Northern Song Dynasty, it has become a symbol of literary incision. Manifested as a dragon, the pine-bamboo-plum motif has a common denominator of winding branches, tangled stems, and bluish jade coloration, and like the dragon, it is used as a backdrop for weather phenomena such as rain, wind, and lightning. In the schematic that connects the Hwaryong, dragon Painting Poetry, the original meaning of the dragon is transformed into shapes and language. This is the meaning conveyed by the dragon, and this symbolic meaning was shared among the writers of the period who viewed the poems and paintings.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

This study investigates the effects of gender equality values, perceptions of gender equality, and gender cultural characteristics on adolescents' marriage intentions in the Busan area. For this research purpose, we used data from a survey on youth sexual culture in Busan. We found that conservative values and misogynistic value perceptions, which are subfactors of gender equality values, appeared at levels below the median. Perceptions of gender equality were also reported at a level below the median. Among the sexual culture characteristics, most of the experience of requesting housework was found to have not been requested for less than one out of five items, and the frequency of sex-related conversations with friends was found to be lower than the median. More than half of the respondents had dating experience, and adolescents' marriage intentions were slightly higher than the median. In addition, gender equality values, perceptions of gender equality, and gender cultural characteristics all had a significant effects on adolescents' marriage intentions. Specifically, more conservative values corresponded to, lower perceptions of misogynistic values, and higher awareness of gender equality corresponded to, more experience with requesting housework. Furthermore, a higher frequency of sex-related conversations, and more adolescent dating experiences, corresponded to higher marriage intentions among adolescents. Based on these findings, we propose policy measures to improve adolescents' marriage intentions.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2024

Photo booths have traditionally provided a fun and easy way to capture and print photos to cherish memories. These booths allow individuals to capture their desired poses and props, sharing memories with friends and family. To enable diverse expressions, generative AI-powered photo booths have emerged. However, existing AI photo booths face challenges such as difficulty in taking group photos, inability to accurately reflect user's poses, and the challenge of applying different concepts to individual subjects. To tackle these issues, we present CINEMAPIC, a photo booth system that allows users to freely choose poses, positions, and concepts for their photos. The system workflow includes three main steps: pre-processing, generation, and post-processing to apply individualized concepts. To produce high-quality group photos, the system generates a transparent image for each character and enhances the backdrop-composited image through a small number of denoising steps. The workflow is accelerated by applying an optimized diffusion model and GPU parallelization. The system was implemented as a prototype, and its effectiveness was validated through a user study and a large-scale pilot operation involving approximately 400 users. The results showed a significant preference for the proposed system over existing methods, confirming its potential for real-world photo booth applications. The proposed CINEMAPIC photo booth is expected to lead the way in a more creative and differentiated market, with potential for widespread application in various fields.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2024

This study analyzed the behaviors and satisfaction of park users in nine parks representing first and second-generation new towns, aiming to propose directions for planning new town parks. According to the analysis, park users in new towns mainly visit parks for purposes such as relaxation, strolling, and exercise, often with family, alone, or with friends. They typically spend 1-2 hours in the park and mostly access it on foot. Additionally, satisfaction with park accessibility is high, particularly among pedestrians. Satisfaction survey results indicate that pedestrian pathways, trees and vegetation, water features, rest areas, and cultural facilities have the greatest impact on overall park satisfaction. Playgrounds and sports facilities show relatively lower satisfaction levels, indicating a need for improvement. Furthermore, according to NPS analysis, park users are highly willing to recommend parks, especially with Gwanggyo Lake Park and Dongtan Central Park receiving high recommendation scores. IPA analysis shows that pathways and vegetation are perceived as highly important and satisfactory, while playgrounds and sports facilities are categorized as areas needing improvement. Thus, there is a need to consider improvement strategies for each. Additionally, identifying park users' grievances can lead to creating a better park environment. Finally, concerning the planning direction for new town parks, linear-shaped parks facilitating walking are preferred, with parks preserving natural terrain and forests deemed the most desirable. Based on these results, future city parks, including those in the third-generation new towns, should harmonize with nature and prioritize pedestrian access.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2005

Purpose : The aim of this study is to identify where and how adolescents acquire cigarettes and how many were asked for identification while purchasing cigarettes. Methods : This study was conducted in 2003; participants were 2,200 students in middle and high schools, aged from 13 to 18 years old(males 1,098; females 1,102) in Ansan, Korea. The questionnaire assured them of anonymity, and self-administered in school. The data was analyzed with chisquare test for trends. Results : The prevalence of smoking was about 20 percent among respondents, was higher in males than in females, and in older students than in younger students(P<0.001). The most frequent source of cigarettes was purchased from a store(36.3 percent). About 29.2 percent of the students borrowed from friends or family members. By sex, the main sources of cigarettes were purchase from a store and borrowing. Younger students were borrowed more cigarettes; older students purchased more cigarettes from stores. Only 48.8 percent were asked for proof of age during their purchase. Of those asked for proof of age, about 73.3 percent answered that this made it difficult to buy cigarettes(P<0.001), and they thought that it was more difficult when asked for a photo ID than simply being asked their age(P=0.019). Conclusion : So far, there has been no systemic prevention of adolescents' smoking. It is difficult for minors to purchase cigarettes if asked for proof of age, but most minors go to stores to purchase cigarettes. Therefore, prevention efforts should include educating retailers not to sell cigarettes to minors and enforcing existing laws requiring youth to provide proof of age when attempting to buy cigarettes.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.99-129
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• 2008

This study analyzed the resilience process of persons with disabilities using the grounded theory approach. To conduct this study, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 8 persons with disabilities. In data analysis, this study identified 393 concepts on the resilience process of persons with disabilities and the concepts were categorized into 45 sub-categories and 18 primary categories. In the paradigm model on the resilience process of persons with disabilities, it was identified that casual conditions included 'unawareness of disability before being disability', 'extreme pain', 'repressing psychological pain', and the contingent conditions were 'dis-empowerment by staying in home', 'isolation by himself with difficulty in accepting the disability', 'experience of frustration from social barriers with prejudice against persons with disabilities'. Also, it was identified that the resilience process could be dependent on the type and the degree of the disability, the gender, and the length of time being disability. In spite of the casual and contingent conditions, the central way in which persons with disabilities could acquire resilience was identified as 'enhancement of the power of positive thinking'. The control conditions which accelerate or retard central phenomenon were 'the awareness of not being alone through family, friends, neighborhood and the social system' externally and 'finding purpose in life through religion and help from other persons with disabilities', internally. The action/interactional sequences enhanced the efforts, self searching and active acting, and as a result, persons with disabilities could find comfort in life, participate in society and change the perspective of disability in society. The core categories of resilience process in persons with disabilities were a belief in affirmation and choice of life by initiative. In the process analysis, stages developed in the following: 'pain', 'strangeness', 'reflection', 'daily life'. This stage was more continuous and causal than discrete and complete. In this process, the types of resilience of persons with disabilities are divided into 'existence reflection', 'course development', 'implicit endeavor', and 'active execution'. This study showed the details of the paradigm models, the process and types with an in-depth understanding of the resilience process of persons with disabilities using grounded theory as well as theory construction and policy and clinical involvement on the study of persons with disabilities.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 1997

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation education on the reduction of the stress of family members who have patients suffering from stroke and to find a new way to nurse the patients and their family. Subjects & Methods: The subjects were sixty-one family members with the patients who had been hospotalized in K hospital of oriental medicine from september the 9th, 1996 to september the fourteen, 1996. This study was performed by simulated control group pretest-posttest design; pretest was done on the control group through a questionnaire, counselling and observation while posttest was done on the experimental group 1-2 days after systemic rehabilitation education. To teach the patients and their family, the amended version of a book written by Lee Hae-jin was used as a tool for systemic rehabilitation education. As a method to estimate ADL score, modified Kang's method was applied and ADL score was measured by well-trained technician. As for the tool to estimate the degree of family stress, Choi's method adjusted to this study was applied. In the analysis of the data, social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed in $X^2$ examination to confirm the consistency between the experimental group and the control group. The diffrence in the degree of the stress, which is a dependent factor, was examined by t-test. The difference in ADL score between the experimental group and the control group was examined by t-test. The difference in the degree of the stress according to the general feature of the family with stroke patient, social property of the patients and the characteristic of the disease were surveyed by F examination. The difference in family stress according to the degree of ADL was surveyed by F examination. RESULTS: 1. After hypothetically-examined systemic rehabilitation education, the total of the score of family stress surveyed in 34 items of three domains was compared between the experimental group and the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups; mean score of experimental group=2.28, that of control group=2.93(t=.17, df=59, p=. 66). 2. In the survey on family stress in 34 items, the items over mean score 3.0 were firstly the anxiety of possible disability and relapse of the disease and secondly to watch the patient's suffering without doing anything in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. And the items of the lowest stress with less than mean 2.0 score were little chance to meet the relative and friends, inconsistent treatment and attitude of the medical workers and the change of the attitude of the relative due to the patient orderly in the domain of social and personal relation and the responsibility as the family. The items which showed the difference between two groups were aggravation of neighboring patient(t=3.36, df= 59, p=.001) and the possibility of patient's death(t=2.19, df=58.38, p=.033) in the domain of the change of the disease and the difficulty in caring. 3. In the study on the stress difference according to general features of the family with the stroke patient, the score of family stress with the occupation was higher with mean 2.49 than that of the family stress without occupation with mean 2.16, but there was no significant difference. (F=5.21, df=1/59, p=.026). 4. In the study on the stress difference according to social property of the patient and the characteristic of the disease, there was significant difference in the age of the patients (F=2.98, df=3/57, p=.039). These results show that even if there is no statistically significant difference between two groups, sixteen of the experimental group are less than 3.0 in ADL score(standard 6 score)while eight of the control group are less than 3.0 and that ten of the experimental group are in the year range of 39-49 while four of the control group are in the year range of 39-49 which showed significant difference in family stress. These imply that there is a possibility that the experimental group have serious and fundamental stress resulting in high pretest stress compared with the control group. It might be due to the characteristic of simulated control group pretest-posttest design that the psychologic-supportive effect by the education was not observed. On the basis of these results, the followings are suggested. 1) A study on the nursing-mediated method to reduce the stress in the items which are not resolved by rehabilitation education, a study on nursing according to the patient's age and a study on the supportive nursing toward the family with occupation are required. 2) More than two times consecutive nursing-mediated rehabilitation education to measure the family stress is required. 3) Comprehensive and multilateral systemic education program including the instruction on western-eastern medicine, physical therapy, exercise and diet through collaboration of the experts in each field is required. 4) Family stress at home as well as in the hospital needs to be estimated and home rehabilitation and home-nursing needs to be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 1995

A survey has conducted on two hundred high school students of the first and second grade by way of questionnaine in Seoul. The purpose of this study on the information from the survey is to cstimate the level of awareness and probe how they feel and what they wish on sex. X2 inspection is designed to assess general aspects of responded contents by way of percentage and examine degree of satisfaction on previously experienced sex education and demand for sex education. The result is as follows. 1. As a result of the examination of degree of awareness on sex of respondents, 62% delines sex as human relationship including moral values for harmony between men and women. 64% of the men and 70% of the women say that sex is a natural thing. It comes to the conclusion that most of the respondent sgenerally consider sex positive. On chastity, 68.5% of the respondent answer that it means physical chastity, 12.5% that chastity before marriage should be kept, and 43% that it should be kept as far as possible. Most of them pespond that it should be kept. 2. As a result of the examination on the contents of sex, they answer they know well in the order of masturbation(72%), pregnancy(76%), and sex(63%). Contraception, abortion and ejection are contents they poorly informed of. 3. As a result of the examination on experienede of sex education, 83% of men and 100% of women have experienced sex, education, but their degreeof satisfaction to it is very low. And 49% of the whole is dissatisfactory to it. There is some difference between male and female students.(p=0.000) That result translates that female studeuts are educated on sex tjhrough more systematic subjects than male ones. In addition, it turns out that teenagers get most information on sex through friends, seniors, and mass media such as videos, TV and radios. Correct and systematic sex education is need because wrong information on sex culd be taught and bring them to misbehave. 4. 87.5% of the respondents answer that sex education is necessary, so that degree of necessity for sex education, turns out to be very high. Also the main subject that should perform sex education is in the order of school(50%), Society(24.5), home(18.5%). They respond that most appropriated period for the beginning of sex education is about elementary school age(43%), and 34% believes it to be put ahcad of elementary school age. Anurse teacher accounts for 54% for the main subject that addresses sex education, to male students visit teachers are most favored for 50%. As a result of those, it could be concluded that most high school students want sex education from responsible persons who have systematic and professional knowledge on sex. 5. In order to perform proper sex education by the above results, better educational effects are obtained when characteristics and natures of teenagers are known and most wanted knowledge by them is taught in priority in times of planning sex education. Besides, the contents of sex education suitable for each school should be planned before elementary school age and sex education should be performed in accordance with students' demand. In addition, sex education should be attentively performed by home, all organizations of society as well as school. Therefore, sex education will play a great role in making teenagers reestablish their conception on sex when the traditional and moral value systems of our country and the new value systems which are being formed under the influence of the western culture are in harmony.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.162-174
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop a creative education class program using metaphor, one of the creative thinking techniques, and to examine the effectiveness of the program targeting for randomly sampled 338 students in six middle schools. The creative education class program with the metaphor was developed based on content elements concerning 'astronomy' in 2015 science curriculum revision in South Korea. The program was tested for validity after being modified and supplemented three times by forming a group of experts, and the final version of the program was applied to school education fields during four periods, including block time. To find out the effectiveness of the program and the implementation, creative education class satisfaction test and creative thinking process test were conducted. That is to say, the creative education class satisfaction test was conducted before treatment and the creative thinking process test was implemented both before and after treatment. The results of the study are as follows. First, in this study, the program was developed with the emphasis on students voluntarily and actively participating in creative education programs while utilizing creative thinking methods. Second, the statistical results of the pre- and post-class about the creative education program using the metaphor of creative thinking techniques represented significant results(p<.05). In other words, the two-dependent samples by students' pre-and post-score about the creative education class showed significant statistical test results (p<.05). It turned out that the creative education program using metaphor has had a positive impact on research participants. Third, in regards to the results of the creative education class satisfaction test, 101 out of 338 students(30%) answered 'Strongly Agree' and 137(41%) answered 'Agree', indicating the subjects' satisfaction with the class was high in general. On the other hand, concerning difficulties of the creative class, 137(41%) answered "Lack of time" as the main factor, followed by 98(30%) "Difficulties of problems they were required to solve", 73(22%) answered "Conflicts with friends", and 24(7%) said "Difficulties of contents." These responses were taken into account as considerations for further development of creative education programs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1047-1056
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• 2016

This study aims to provide managerial implications for provincial parks through an analysis on visitors' characteristics and motivational factors. The information was collected by surveying 290 visitors. The survey questionnaire consisted of questions regarding visitors' socioeconomic characteristics, characteristics of their travel behavior, visitors' motivation to visit the park, and the degree of satisfaction derived from visiting the park. Results show that most respondents appeared not to collect any information on the park prior to their visit. It was also seen that most visitors do not visit other tourist sites nearby, and are not aware of the Gochang UNESCO biosphere, which indicates that Gochang-gun, which is responsible for park management, needs to make more efforts to promote the park. A factor analysis on the visitors' motivation to visit the park extracted three factors to visit the Seonunsan Provincial Park: 'to hike,' 'to experience and observe nature,' i.e., nature learning field trip and camping, and 'to build and nurture bonding with family and friends.' To examine the effect of these various motivational factors had on the visitors' satisfaction level upon visiting the park, we conducted a multiple regression analysis with the three extracted factors to visit the park and the respondents' socioeconomic characteristics as independent variables, and the degree of recommendation of visiting the park as a dependent variable. The result shows found that, of the three travel factors, only the 'hiking' factor statistically significantly affected the degree of recommendation of visiting the park. This result suggests that the Seonunsan Provincial Park only satisfied hikers and failed to meet the demands for nature experience and observation. It is therefore suggested that the park managers develop new experience-based tourism programs, such as guided tours conducted by professional eco-interpreters.