• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

Homeotic proteins have pivotal roles during the development of both plant and animals. Many homeotic proteins exert control over cell fate in cells where their genes are not expressed, i.e., in a non-cell autonomous manner. Cell-to-cell communication, which delivers critical information for position-dependent specification of cell fate, is an essential biological process in multicellular organisms. In plants, there are two pathways for intercellular communication that have been identified: the ligand/receptor-mediated apoplastic pathway and the plasmodesmata-mediated symplasmic pathway. Regulatory proteins and RNAs traffic symplasmically via plasmodesmata and play a critical role in intercellular communication. Thus, the non-cell autonomous function of homeotic proteins can be explained by the recent discovery of cell-to-cell trafficking of proteins or RNAs. This article specifically focuses on understanding the intercellular movement of homeodomain proteins, a family of homeotic proteins.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2020

We investigated seed management and feeding regime of larval red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara using live food organisms. Fertilized eggs were produced in March 2020 by manipulating photoperiod and water temperature. Broodstock (F0) produced approximately 0.30×10⁶ eggs, of which 0.25×10⁶ were fertilized; first-generation broodstock (F1) produced 2.00×10⁶ eggs, of which 1.90×10⁶ were fertilized. Larvae were reared at temperatures of 21.0-24.5℃. The feeding regime consisted of rotifers Artemia, and commercial pellet feed. From 5-8 days after hatching (dah), rotifers collected from high-density incubation tanks were fed to grouper larvae at a density of 10-20 individuals/mL. From 9-30 dah, rotifers collected from low-density incubation tanks were fed to larvae at a density of 10-20 individuals/mL. Newly hatched Artemia were provided from 20-24 dah and enriched Artemia from 25-50 dah. Commercial pellet feed was given starting at 13 dah. The average mouth size in hatchlings was 263.4±3.7 ㎛ at 5 dah, 406.7±21.0 ㎛ at 11 dah, and 856.9±136.6 ㎛ at 21 dah. At 1 dah, larvae had a mean total length of 1.95±0.06 mm. At 66 dah, the mean TL was 4.0 cm. The final number of surviving red spotted grouper larvae was 218,380 fishes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.825-832
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• 2010

The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines biotechnology as "Any technological application that uses biological systems, dead organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" Biotechnology has made tremendous contributions to improve production efficiency of agriculture during the last century. This article reviews successful examples of application of bio-fermentation in improving swine nutrition efficiency mainly based on the authors'z own research experience. Production of feed grade supplemental amino acids by bio-fermentation allowed nutritionists to formulate accurate feed for optimal lean growth and reduced nitrogen excretion. Recent issues with high feed grain prices caused potential feed quality problems. Bio-fermentation allowed nutritionists to use exogenous supplemental enzymes such as phytase and NSPases in swine diets, thereby improving nutrient utilization and reducing nutrient excretion to the environment. Yeast metabolites are also produced by bio-fermentation and have been repeatedly shown to improve milk production of sows during early lactation even though actual mechanisms are still to be investigated. Bio-fermentation technology also allowed nutritionists to prepare vegetable protein sources with large protein molecules and anti-nutritional factors suitable for feeding newly weaned piglets, as selected microorganisms significantly reduce specific anti-nutritional factors and size of peptides. Preparations of vegetable protein sources suitable for newly weaned pigs will greatly contribute to swine nutrition by providing efficient alternatives to the use of animal protein sources that are often expensive and somewhat against societal preference. Considering the few examples listed above, biotechnology has closely influenced improvement of production efficiency in the swine industry. As we have limited resources to produce meat to satisfy ever-increasing global demands, extensive adaptation of biotechnology to enhance production efficiency should be continued. However, at the same time, wise and careful application of bio-technology should be considered to ensure production of safe food and to meet the expectations of our society.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

In the biological world, there are a number of ecological fights for survival between each organism such as plants, animals and microorganism In such events, an organism can use its natural bioactive products as defence agent against other organisms. Furthermore, natural bioactive products can be utilized for medicine or functional food. Recently, we investigate the effect of Monascus pigment extracted from a fungus, Monascus anke, on the alcohol metabolism and blood lipid profile. In the present study, it is observed that Monascus pigment supplemented dietary may have a hepatoprotective effect on rat's liver damage induced with $CCl_4$ . By treatment with $CCl_4$(3 times, I.P), liver damage was reduced more in the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet, based on the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, microsomal glucose-6-phosphatse activity and hepaic malondialdehyde content. On the other hand, oxygen free radical generating enzymes, hepatic P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase, and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities were generally higher both in $CCl_4$ treated group and control fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet than those fed standard diet. In conclusion, the rats fed 2% Monascus pigment extract supplemented diet showed more reduced liver damage than those fed standard diet, which may be due to the acceleration of oxygen free radical metabolism.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2008

내분비장애 물질은 분해가 어렵고, 생물체에 축적되기 때문에 먹이그물을 통하여 결국 인간에게 피해를 준다. 리그닌 분해효소 군을 가진 백색부후균들은 다양한 난분해성 물질의 분해능이 우수하며, 국내에서 분리한 아교버섯은 내분비장애 물질에 속하는 프탈레이트의 분해능이 우수하다. 내분비장애 물질분해와 관련된 laccase cDNA를 발현벡터로 재조합하고 이를 형질전환 방법에 의하여 아교버섯으로 도입하였으며 도입된 발현벡터는 형질전환체의 염색체에 안정하게 존재하였다. 형질전환체들 중 가장 효소활성이 좋은 균주를 대상으로 분석한 결과 laccase 활성이 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 내분비장애 물질의 분해능도 향상되었고, 동시에 다양한 내분비장애물질에 의한 에스트로겐 활성도 야생형 균주에 비하여 빠르게 감소시켰다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2007

Volatile components of the essential oils of Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu), Dangyuza (C. grandis), Yuza (C. junos), Byungkyul (C. playtymamma), Jinkyul (C. sunki), and Hakyul (C. natsudaidai) grown in Jeju Island were isolated from the fruit peels by hydro distillation and determined by GC-MS. GC-MS analysis identified 58 compounds, with main components being d-limonene $(64.01{\sim}79.34%),\;{\beta}-myrcene\;(3.01{\sim}26.53%),\;{\gamma}-terpinene\;(0.11{\sim}12.88%),\;{\beta}-pinene\;(0.78{\sim}4.74%),\;and\;{\alpha}-pinene\;(1.01{\sim}2.55%)$. Differences in compositions and contents of the essential oils were observed among citrus varieties. Effects of citrus oils on growth inhibitions of Escherchia coli, Staphyllococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were investigated using disc diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The essential oils inhibited growths of the test organisms, exhibiting higher levels of activity against Gram-positive S. epidermidis (MIC values $0.04{\sim}0.17mg/mL$), whereas Gram-negative E. coli was moderately resistant (MIC values $1.66{\sim}20.30mg/mL$). MIC of citrus essential oils ranged from $0.82{\sim}23.69mg/mL$ against C. albicans. The essential oils obtained from C. sunki, C. grandis, and C. playtymamma showed the highest antimicrobial activities against S. epidermidis and C. albicans, indicating their potential as natural antimicrobial agents.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 1999

국내 주요 하수 슬러지(Z-1, Z-2시)에서 내분비계 장애물질로 의심 받는 여러 가지 물질 중 octylphenol(OP), nonylphenol(NP), di-octylphthalate(DOP)를 이 염화메탄을 이용하여 Soxhlet 장치로 추출한 후 GC/MS-SIM 방법으로 그들의 함량을 결정하였다. Z-1시 하수 슬러지의 경우 octylphenol, nonylphenol, di-octylphthalate의 함량이 각각 $3.25{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/g$, $1168{\pm}36{\mu}g/g$, $1172{\pm}57{\mu}g/g$이었고, Z-2 하수 슬러지는 octylphenol, nonylphenol, di-octylphthalate가 각각 $0{\mu}g/g$, $10.8{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/g$, $80{\pm}62{\mu}g/g$이 검출되었다. 특히 Z-1하수 슬러지에서 검출된 nonylphenol과 di-octylphthalate의 양은 매우 높은 값으로 생태계로 순환될 경우 매우 위험한 수준으로 평가되었으며, 또한 인간의 건강과 생식능력에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2005

We recently isolated a novel probiotic strain, Lactobacillus fermentum PL9005 (KCCM-10250), from infant feces and showed that it had a potential immunoenhancing effect. In the present study, a safety assessment of the bacteria was performed using a BALB/c mouse model. Mice were administered with L. fermentum PL9005 daily for 28 days. There were no detectable changes in body weight, feed intake, or clinical signs, and no significant difference in hematological parameters or blood biochemistry between the L. fermentum PL9005-fed and control groups. Bacterial translocation was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen of some mice with and without L. fermentum PL9005 feeding, however, the organisms were not related to ingestion of L. fermentum PL9005; this was confirmed by PCR using a species-specific primer. No gross lesions were detected in the liver, spleen, or intestine of L. fermentum PL9005-fed or control mice. Mucosal thickness in the ileum, cecum, and colon of L. fermentum PL9005-fed mice was not significantly different from that of corresponding organs in control mice. No inflammation or epithelial cell degeneration in the intestines was observed in any mice. These results indicate that ingestion of L. fermentum PL9005 is safe in mice and can be applied in the functional food market.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.665-670
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• 2011

The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is one of the most important food organisms in aquaculture. The resting eggs produced by mictic female rotifers are easily stored and hatched, making them useful as the starter for the mass culture of rotifers in marine larval culture. This study examined the optimum preservation method for resting eggs to ensure a high hatching rate. To produce resting eggs, the marine rotifer B. plicatilis was cultured with Nannochloris oculata (KMMCC 16). The resting eggs were harvested and cryopreserved using 5% and 10% methanol (MeOH), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and glycerol as cryoprotectant agents (CPAs). The cryopreservation comprised slow or rapid freezing and the resting eggs were stored for one month in liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$). The resting eggs were also dried at different temperatures (30, 40, and $50^{\circ}C$) and for different times (1, 2, and 3 h). In general, the hatching rates of the resting eggs preserved with CPA were higher than those without CPA and the slow freezing method was better than the rapid freezing method. However, the optimum CPA concentration for the hatching rate of the resting eggs varied with the freezing method and kind of CPA, and the CPA also affected the viability of the resting eggs. Dried resting eggs had a high, rapid hatching rate over 80%. The moisture content of the resting eggs cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen affected the hatching rate. Drying at $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour resulted in a high hatching rate of the resting eggs. In conclusion, drying at $30^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and preservation in liquid nitrogen with the slow freezing method, without CPA, is recommended for a high hatching rate (ca. 95%) of rotifer resting eggs.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-49
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• 1989

Pollution in the rivers has received considerable attention in recent years, particullary with reference to the effect due to increasing concentration of heavy metals. The metals are toxic to the ecosystem as a whole and to man in particular, since he is at the end of a variety of food chains by virture of his varigated diet. In addition, numerous laboratory tests have established that certain metals, such as Cd, pose a threat to a wide variety of aquatic organisms at concentrations as low as a few $\mu$g/1. Before the biological effects of heavy metals in impacted ecosystems can be completely assessed, however it is necessary to provide data on the concentration of heavy metals in such systems. This study was performed to investigate the concentration level of heavy metals in water, fish and sediments from upstream ($S_1-S_4$) to downstream ($S_5-S_9$) of the Mankyung river. Samples of water, fish, and sediments were collected along the tributaries of the Mankyung from September to October in 1987 and analyzed for lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From the data presented in this study, we can infer that the concentrations of the heavy metals investigated both in water and sediments are similar to those found in literature for unpolluted regions. The results obtained from the analysis of the edible tissue of the C. auratus show low concentration levels of the four heavy metals investigated. We conclude that the area is still relatively unpolluted and recommended continuing the monitoring of heavy metal concentrations to improve our understanding of their cycle in the river environment.