• Title/Summary/Keyword: FM1

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Effects of Dietary Coconut Fat Powder Supplementation on Performance and Milk Characteristics in Lactating Sow (포유모돈 사료에 코코넛 분말지방 첨가가 모돈의 생산성 및 모유성상에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, H.J.;Cho, J.H.;Chen, Y.J.;Yoo, J.S.;Shin, S.O.;Huang, Y.;Kim, I.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.773-782
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    • 2007
  • A total of thirty sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of plant protein source containing multienzyme on performance, nutrients digestibility and milk characteristics. A feeding trial was conducted for 21 days from parturition to weaning. Experimental diets were supplied for 1 week before the parturition day and throughout the experimental period. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control(CON; basal diet), 2) CGLT(included corn gluten) and 3) FSPM(included fermented soy protein containing multienzyme). Through the entire experimental period, backfat loss and return-to-estrus intervals were not affected by the treatments(P>0.05). Nitrogen digestibility was increased significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentration was increased significantly (P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. At the initial  period, total protein content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CGLT treatment and at the final period, total fat content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FM treatment compared to CON treatment. Rectal temperature showed similar tendency of change among treatments. The final piglet body weight, weight gain and ADG were higher significantly in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. On diarrhea rate in piglet, just one piglet occurred in CGLT treatement. In conclusion, 2.5% dietary plant protein source containing multienzyme suppelmentation improved N digestibility, BUN concentration, fat and protein contents in milk and weight gain in piglet.

Molecular Characterization and Toxin Profile of Bacillus cereus Strains Isolated from Ready-to-eat Foods (유통 중인 즉석·편의식품류에서 분리한 Bacillus cereus의 산생 Toxin 및 분자유전학적 특성 조사)

  • Kim, Tae Sun;Kim, Min Ji;Kang, Yu Mi;Oh, Geune;Choi, Su Yeon;Oh, Mu Sul;Yang, Yong Shik;Seo, Jung-Mi;Ryu, Mi-Geum;Kim, Eun-Sun;Ha, Dong-Ryong;Cho, Bae Sik
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.334-340
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    • 2014
  • Toxin-producing Bacillus cereus is the causative agent of two different types of food poisoning: the emetic and the diarrheal types. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of enterotoxin and emetic toxin genes in 263 B. cereus isolated from 619 different ready-to-eat food items. Hemolytic enterotoxins hblA, hblC, and hblD were detected in 85.6, 41.1, and 76.8%, respectively, of the B. cereus isolates. About 67.0% (175/263) of the isolates presented all of three genes. Non-hemolytic enterotoxins nheA, nheB, and nheC were detected in 100, 97.0, and 68.4% of the isolates, respectively. Approximately 90.0% (236/263) of the isolates presented all of these three non-hemolytic enterotoxin genes. Emetic toxin gene, CER, was detected in 132 of 263 (50.2%) isolates. Computer-assisted cluster analysis of Rep-PCR profiles showed a high genetic diversity among the isolates. All B. cereus isolates from food samples tested in this study carried at least 6 of 10 toxin genes.

Incorporating Social Relationship discovered from User's Behavior into Collaborative Filtering (사용자 행동 기반의 사회적 관계를 결합한 사용자 협업적 여과 방법)

  • Thay, Setha;Ha, Inay;Jo, Geun-Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2013
  • Nowadays, social network is a huge communication platform for providing people to connect with one another and to bring users together to share common interests, experiences, and their daily activities. Users spend hours per day in maintaining personal information and interacting with other people via posting, commenting, messaging, games, social events, and applications. Due to the growth of user's distributed information in social network, there is a great potential to utilize the social data to enhance the quality of recommender system. There are some researches focusing on social network analysis that investigate how social network can be used in recommendation domain. Among these researches, we are interested in taking advantages of the interaction between a user and others in social network that can be determined and known as social relationship. Furthermore, mostly user's decisions before purchasing some products depend on suggestion of people who have either the same preferences or closer relationship. For this reason, we believe that user's relationship in social network can provide an effective way to increase the quality in prediction user's interests of recommender system. Therefore, social relationship between users encountered from social network is a common factor to improve the way of predicting user's preferences in the conventional approach. Recommender system is dramatically increasing in popularity and currently being used by many e-commerce sites such as Amazon.com, Last.fm, eBay.com, etc. Collaborative filtering (CF) method is one of the essential and powerful techniques in recommender system for suggesting the appropriate items to user by learning user's preferences. CF method focuses on user data and generates automatic prediction about user's interests by gathering information from users who share similar background and preferences. Specifically, the intension of CF method is to find users who have similar preferences and to suggest target user items that were mostly preferred by those nearest neighbor users. There are two basic units that need to be considered by CF method, the user and the item. Each user needs to provide his rating value on items i.e. movies, products, books, etc to indicate their interests on those items. In addition, CF uses the user-rating matrix to find a group of users who have similar rating with target user. Then, it predicts unknown rating value for items that target user has not rated. Currently, CF has been successfully implemented in both information filtering and e-commerce applications. However, it remains some important challenges such as cold start, data sparsity, and scalability reflected on quality and accuracy of prediction. In order to overcome these challenges, many researchers have proposed various kinds of CF method such as hybrid CF, trust-based CF, social network-based CF, etc. In the purpose of improving the recommendation performance and prediction accuracy of standard CF, in this paper we propose a method which integrates traditional CF technique with social relationship between users discovered from user's behavior in social network i.e. Facebook. We identify user's relationship from behavior of user such as posts and comments interacted with friends in Facebook. We believe that social relationship implicitly inferred from user's behavior can be likely applied to compensate the limitation of conventional approach. Therefore, we extract posts and comments of each user by using Facebook Graph API and calculate feature score among each term to obtain feature vector for computing similarity of user. Then, we combine the result with similarity value computed using traditional CF technique. Finally, our system provides a list of recommended items according to neighbor users who have the biggest total similarity value to the target user. In order to verify and evaluate our proposed method we have performed an experiment on data collected from our Movies Rating System. Prediction accuracy evaluation is conducted to demonstrate how much our algorithm gives the correctness of recommendation to user in terms of MAE. Then, the evaluation of performance is made to show the effectiveness of our method in terms of precision, recall, and F1-measure. Evaluation on coverage is also included in our experiment to see the ability of generating recommendation. The experimental results show that our proposed method outperform and more accurate in suggesting items to users with better performance. The effectiveness of user's behavior in social network particularly shows the significant improvement by up to 6% on recommendation accuracy. Moreover, experiment of recommendation performance shows that incorporating social relationship observed from user's behavior into CF is beneficial and useful to generate recommendation with 7% improvement of performance compared with benchmark methods. Finally, we confirm that interaction between users in social network is able to enhance the accuracy and give better recommendation in conventional approach.

Shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket with hydrophilic primer (친수성 프라이머를 이용한 교정용 브라켓 접착시의 전단결합강도에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Chul-Wan;Cha, Kyung-Suk;Lee, Jin-Woo
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.32 no.4 s.93
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    • pp.293-300
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of hydrophilic primer, which claim to retain adequate bond strength on moistened enamel resulting from moisture or saliva contamination, by comparing the shear bond strength and adhesive failure patterns of brackets bonded using hydrophilic primer and conventional hydrophobic primer. Brackets were bonded to human premolars embedded in metal cylinders utilizing light cured adhesive, primed with either a hydrophilic primer(Transbond fm primer) or a conventional hydrophobic primer(Transbond XT primer). Each sample was exposed to varying degrees of artificial saliva contamination during the priming process. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive failure patterns after debonding were visually examined by strereomicroscope and assessed using the adhesive remnant index(ARI). The results were as follows 1. In dry conditions, no significant differences in shear bond strength between Transbond W and Transbond XT primers were found. 2. Transbond MIP primer exhibited a significantly higher shear bond strength than Transbond XT primer in saliva-contaminated conditions, regardless of the degree of contamination. 3. When contaminated with one coat of saliva, Transbond MIP primer did not exhibit significant differences in shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. When contaminated with two coats of saliva, Transbond MIP primer exhibited a singnificantly lower shear bond strength compared to the dry condition. 4. The adhesive remnant index of the adhesive failure pattern had a tendency to decrease, as the degree of saliva contamination increased. Bracket-adhesive interface failure was observed in more than half of the saliva contaminated samples utilizing Transbond MIP primer, whereas the bond failure sites of the Transbond XT primer samples occurred almost exclusively at the adhesive-enamel interface in saliva-contaminated conditions. The results of this study suggest that in cases where moisture control is difficult, Transbond MIP primer is an effective alternative to conventional hydrophobic primers.

MICROHARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SEALANT AND FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESINS (치면열구전색제와 유동성 복합 레진의 미세 경도 및 표면 조도의 비교)

  • Yang, Kyu-Ho;Choi, Nam-Ki;Kim, Seon-Mi;Choi, Ji-Eun
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.440-447
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed to compare the wear resistance of sealant and flowable resins for analyzing the effect of flowable resin as a sealant in preventive resin restorations. Specimens were made and Vicker's hardness number and surface roughness were measured. SEM observations of the polished and abraded surfaces were established. Kruskal-Wallis rank test and Mann-Whitney U test at the significant level of ${\alpha}$=0.05 were used. The following results were obtained: 1. The microhardness was decreased among groups in following order: Z350 (3M ESPE, U.S.A), Estelite (Tokuyama Dental, Japan) and Ultraseal (Ultradent, U.S.A). There were significant differences in all groups (p<0.0001). 2. The surface roughness was decreased among groups in following order: Ultraseal XT plus, Palfique Estelite LV and Filtek Z350 flowable. However, there is no statistically significant differences in roughness among Estellite, Z350 and Ultraseal at the significance level of ${\alpha}$=0.05, with p=0.116 3. SEM observation of the unworn and worn surfaces revealed the qualitative differences in the wear appearance among groups. The results in this study indicate that flowable resin is better than sealant in aspect of physical properties.

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Effects of Wind Net Shading and Sprinkling on Growing Conditions and Fruit Quality in 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' Apple Fruits (방풍망 차광시설 및 미세살수 처리가 '홍로' 및 '후지' 사과나무의 생육환경 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Kyeong-Jin;Seo, Jeong-Hak;Yoon, Hong-Ki;Seo, Jeong-Seok;Choi, Taek-Yong;Chun, Jong-Pil
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2019
  • In recent years, the deterioration of fruit quality caused by poor coloration and sunburn disorder has become serious problems in apple market, which is a result of the increase of surface temperature due to the abnormal temperature increase during summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wind net shading and fine water spray using sprinkler on fruit coloration, sunburn damage and overall fruit quality of 'Fuji' and 'Hongro' apples. Fifteen sprinklers (7L/hr) were installed at the orchard of the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, located in Sinam-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Korea, at a height of 3m above the apple tree of $1.5m{\times}3.5m$ north-south direction. Fine water spraying treatment was divided into day time spray (10:00 am to 6:00 pm) and all day spray (10:00 am to 10:00 pm) from early July to 10 days before harvest in 2017 and 2018 season, respectively. Temperature of the surface of apple fruit, characteristic of fruit, and degree of sunburn damage were investigated. In 'Fuji', the fruit surface temperature checked at 2 pm on August 10 was decreased considerably in the day time spray ($35.6^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($39.0^{\circ}C$) when compared with the untreated control ($44.4^{\circ}C$). Similarly, the fruit surface temperature also decreased considerably in the all day spray ($35.1^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($36.9^{\circ}C$) treatments when compared with the untreated control ($46.5^{\circ}C$) in 'Hongro' apples. The incidence of sunburn disorder was significantly decreased with day time spray (5.0%), all day spray (5.8%) and wind net (7.0%) when compared with untreated control (23.4%) in 'Fuji' apples. As a results, the treatment of fine water spray and wind net consequently showed 26% and 34% increase of redness ($a^*$) value in the skin color difference, respectively, in 'Fuji' apples.

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Germination and Early Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (과산화수소 처리가 수수의 발아 및 초기 생장에 미치는 효과)

  • Shim, Doobo;Song, Ki Eun;Park, Chan Young;Jeon, Seung Ho;Hwang, Jung Gyu;Kang, Eun-ju;Kim, Jong Cheol;Shim, Sangin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.63 no.2
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    • pp.140-148
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    • 2018
  • As the global warming causing desertification increase, there is growing concern about damage of crops. It was to investigate how the treatment with hydrogen peroxide before leaf development affects the growth and yield of sorghum for minimizing a damage of crops to drought. The germination experiment was conducted at alternating temperature of $25^{\circ}C/20^{\circ}C$(12 hr/12 hr) under water stress condition of 0 ~ -0.20 MPa adjusted with PEG solution containing 0 and 10 mM $H_2O_2$. In order to know the effect of foliar application of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of sorghum, 10 mM hydrogen peroxide was treated to leaves at 3-leaf stage of sorghum growing in greenhouse conditions. Seed germination rate was increased by 20% in hydrogen peroxide treatment as compared to the Control. under water stress conditions (-0.15 ~ -0.20 MPa). The length of seedlings was also on the rise by the hydrogen peroxide treatment. In the greenhouse pot experiment, the morphological characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf number) and physiological characteristics (chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), stomatal conductance) were higher in the plants treated with hydrogen peroxide under the drought stress condition than those of plants of $H_2O$ treatment. Experiment conducted with the soil moisture gradient system showed that the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide increased photosynthetic ability of sorghum plant with respect to SPAD value and stomatal conductance and rooting capacity (root weight and root length) under drought condition. Generally, hydrogen peroxide treatment in sorghum increased the tolerance to drought stress and maintained better growth due to ameliorating oxidative stress.

Origin of Layering and Its Relation to Magma Convection in the Skaergaard Intrusion (Skaergaard 암체에서 layering의 기원과 그의 마그마 대류와의 관계)

  • Yun D. Jang
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.627-648
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    • 2001
  • At least two distinct types of layering are present in the middle zone of the Skaergaard intrusion; alternating plagioclase-rich and pyroxene-rich, macro-rhythmic layers, and smaller scale, modally-graded, rhythmic layers. The macro-rhythmic layers are ubiquitous in the middle zone of the Layered Series, but are not observed in the lower and upper zone of the Layered Series or in the wall or roof tories of the intrusion. They range from 0.3 to 17.3 m in thickness, have sharp upper and lower boundaries, and can be traced laterally for over 2 ]fm in outcrop. Although individual macrorhythmic layers are not internally graded, many contain smaller-scale, modally-graded layers. Modally-graded. rhythmic layers are a common feature of the Layered Series but are not abundant in either the Upper Border Series or the Marginal Border Series. They range in thickness from 1 to 50 cm and can be traced laterally in outcrop for up to 100 m. Their lateral termination ranges from abrupt to gradational, and they are often associated with cut and fill structures and crossbedding suggestive of current activity. They are characterized by sharp lower and gradational upper contacts, and by strong intra-layer modal grading with olivine, ilmenite, and magnetite concentrated at the base, pyroxene concentrated above the base, and plagioclase concentrated at the top. The layers are also grain-size graded with the maximum size for each phase occurring at the horizon in the layer where the phase is most abundant. Modally-graded, rhythmic layers in the middle zone of the Layered Series occur within both plagioclase-rich and pyroxene-rich macro-rhythmic layers.

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