• 전기의세계
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2011

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.74-85
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• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.452-458
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• 2022

The electro-thermal erasing (ETE) configuration utilizes Joule heating intentionally generated at word-line (WL). The elevated temperature by heat physically removes stored electrons permanently within a very short time. Though the ETE configuration is a promising next generation NAND flash memory candidate, a consideration of power efficiency and erasing speed with respect to device structure and its scaling has not yet been demonstrated. In this context, based on 3-dimensional (3-D) thermal simulations, this paper discusses the impact of device structure and scaling on ETE efficiency. The results are used to produce guidelines for ETEs that will have lower power consumption and faster speed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.183-186
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• 2015

This research investigates the impact of charge spreading on the data retention of three-dimensional (3D) silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) flash memory where the charge trapping layer is shared along the cell string. In order to do so, this study conducts an electrical analysis of the planar SONOS test pattern where the silicon nitride charge storage layer is not isolated but extends beyond the gate electrode. Experimental results from the test pattern show larger retention loss in the devices with extended storage layers compared to isolated devices. This retention degradation is thought to be the result of an additional charge spreading through the extended silicon nitride layer along the width of the memory cell, which should be improved for the successful 3-D application of SONOS flash devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.877-880
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• 2005

As DMB, 3D game, Internet and movie is serviced for the recent mobile devices, high resolution display devices beyond VGA become used. Implementation of real-time moving pictures of 30렌 by software programming is difficult because the performance of mobile processors is not so high. The full frame moving picture can be supported by using specific hardware. In this paper, an OLED controller that is consists of flash memory controller and OLED interface is proposed for real-time moving picture on mobile displays. The proposed OLED controller is implemented in FPGA and the performance is evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2011

아동에게 적합한 고구려 장기 게임 개발을 위해 Bruner의 EIS 이론을 근거로, 역사상 가장 강력한 힘의 나라였던 고구려 문화를 담은 캐릭터 8종을 개발하였다. 장기 게임은 아동의 집중력과 사고 발달에 유용하며 두뇌발달과 학습향상에 효과적이지만, 본격적인 장기 게임을 하기까지 장기말 종류, 장기말 움직이는 방법, 장기말 배치, 기본 전술 등 익혀야 할 요소가 많고 이것을 배우는 과정이 지루하며 어렵다. 따라서 말의 종류와 이동 방법을 흥미롭게 익힐 수 있도록 3D카드와 플래시 게임을 개발하였고, 캐릭터를 적용한 보드게임을 제작해 보았다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2019

Flammable substances, such as organic solvents, are commonly used in laboratories and industrial processes. The flash point of flammable liquid mixtures is a very important parameter for characterizing the ignition and explosion hazards, and the flash points of mixtures of $C_2{\sim}C_3$ alcohols and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane were measured in the present study. The 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is an important component of gasoline and is frequently used in the petroleum industry as a solvent. Lower flash point data were measured for the binary systems {ethanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, {1-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, and {2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}. The flash point measurements were carried out according to the standard test method (ASTM D3278) using a Stanhope-Seta closed cup flash point tester. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated using Raoult's law and also following $G^E$ models: Wilson, Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) and UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC). These models were able to predict the experimental flash points for different compositions of {$C_2{\sim}C_3$ alcohols + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane} mixtures with minimal deviations. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point was less than 1.28 K. A minimum flash point behaviour was observed in all of the systems as in the many observed cases for the hydrocarbon and alcohol mixtures.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.53-63
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• 2009

This work proposes a 10b 100MS/s 27.2mW $0.8mm^2$ 0.18um CMOS ADC for WLAN such as an IEEE 802.11n standard. The proposed ADC employs a three-stage pipeline architecture and minimizes power consumption and chip area by sharing as many circuits as possible. Two multiplying DACs share a single amplifier without MOS switches connected in series while the shared amplifier does not show a conventional memory effect. All three flash ADCs use only one resistor ladder while the second and third flash ADCs share all pre-amps to further reduce power consumption and chip area. The interpolation circuit employed in the flash ADCs halves the required number of pre-amps and an input-output isolated dynamic latch reduces the increased kickback noise caused by the pre-amp sharing. The prototype ADC implemented in a 0.18um n-well 1P6M CMOS process shows the DNL and INL within 0.83LSB and 1.52LSB at 10b, respectively. The ADC measures an SNDR of 52.1dB and an SFDR of 67.6dB at a sampling rate of 100MS/s. The ADC with an active die area of $0.8mm^2$ consumes 27.2mW at 1.8V and 100MS/s.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-39
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• 2019

The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the EMI spray coating film was measured in a three-dimensional structure. The shielding effectiveness was measured by AST D4935 using coaxial type TEM cell. A standard sample of the cylindrical slab is fabricated to measure the shielding effectiveness using the ASTM D4935. At this time, spray coating was performed by bonding a three-dimensional structure with NAND flash memory to a standard sample. In the case of spray coating, it was uniformly coated not only on the horizontal plane but also on the vertical plane of the three-dimensional structure. As a result of measurement, shielding effectiveness of maximum 59 dB was measured in a three-dimensional structure similar to the case without three-dimensional structure. As a result, it was confirmed that the spray coating can be uniformed even in the three-dimensional structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2021

3D NAND 플래시 메모리는 플래너(2D) NAND 셀을 적층하는 방식으로 단위 면적당 고용량을 제공한다. 하지만 적층 공정의 특성상 각 레이어별 또는 셀 위치에 따라 오류 발생 빈도가 달라질 수 있는 문제가 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 플래시 메모리의 쓰기/지우기(P/E) 횟수가 증가할 수록 두드러진다. SSD와 같은 대부분의 플래시 기반 저장장치는 오류 교정을 위하여 ECC를 사용한다. 이 방법은 모든 플래시 메모리 페이지에 대하여 고정된 보호 강도를 제공하므로 물리적 위치에 따라 에러 발생률이 각기 다르게 나타나는 3D NAND 플래시 메모리에서는 한계를 보인다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 오류 발생률 차이를 보이는 페이지와 레이어를 분류하여 각 영역별로 차별화된 보호강도를 적용한다. 우리는 페이지와 레이어별로 오류 발생률이 현저하게 달라지는 3K P/E 사이클에서 측정된 오류율을 바탕으로 페이지와 레이어를 분류하고 오류에 취약한 영역에 대해서는 패리티 데이터를 추가하여 차별화된 보호 강도를 제공한다. 오류 발생 횟수에 따른 영역 구분을 위하여 K-Means 머신러닝 알고리즘을 사용한다. 우리는 이와 같은 차별화된 보호정책이 3D NAND 플래시 메모리의 신뢰성과 수명향상에 기여할 수 있는 가능성을 보인다.