• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.803-807
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• 2018

This study evaluated the duck growth performance and the economic benefits on using illite as a feed additive for ducks. Illite powder at three levels (0%, 1%, and 1.5%) was added to commercial duck diets, and fed to 180 one-day-old ducks (Pekin, 3 replicates, 20 ducks per pen) using a randomized block design for 39 days. During the experimental period, there were no significant growth performance differences between treatments (p>0.05), except with the feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), for all periods (8-39 days). In addition, the dietary supplementation of 1% and 1.5% illite did not significantly improve (p>0.05) Feed Intake Cost (FIC), Weight Gain Value (WGV), Meat Production Cost (MPC), Economic Efficiency (EE), Profitability (P), or cost benefit ratio for 8 to 21 d, 22 to 39 d, and 8 to 39 d. However, the differences in meat production cost and profitability between treatments were statistically significant (p<0.05) for all periods (8-39 d). In conclusion, adding 1% and 1.5% illite to duck diets is not beneficial for improving either the duck growth performance or the economic indicators.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.645-652
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• 1996

The ionic conductivity of NASICON (Na Super Ionic Conductor) solid electrolyte was simulated by using Monte Carlo Method (MCM)based on a hopping model. We assumed that the conduction path of Na ions is Na1→mid-Na→Na2 where the mid-Na sites are shallow potential sites to induce 'a breathing-like movement' of Na ions in the NASICON framework. The minimum of charge correlation factor Fc and the maximum of appeared at nearby x=2.0 The occupancy of mid-Na site affected the depth of potential barrier and the conduc-tivity of the NASICON. At above x=0.3 ln σT vs. 1/T* plots have been shown Arrhenius behavior but in (VWfc)vs. 1/T* have been shown the Arrhenius type tendency at x=1 MCM results accorded with the experi-mental procedure. The role of mid-Na on Na+ ion conduction could be explained by an additional driving force and a breating-like movement model for motions of Na+ ions in the NASICON framework. As we couldn't clearly remarked the model which is the better it seems reasonable to conclude that these hypothesies are suitable to explain the FIC behavior at NASICON.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2012

The present study investigated the antimicrobial properties of medicinal herbs including Scutellariae Radix (SR: dried root of Scutellariae bicalensis Georgi). Among hot-water extracts of medicinal herbs tested in this study, SR extract showed the most potent antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.625 mg/mL. In particular, synergistic effects of antimicrobial activity were observed upon combined application of SR and chitooligosaccharide as indicated by MIC of 0.125 mg/mL and FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) index of 0.45. Thermal stability analysis indicated that the components responsible for antimicrobial activity was stable for 8 months at $45^{\circ}C$. Antimicrobial activity was proven to be effective in foods as well as in cosmetics as comparable to that of the chemical preservatives.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

The essential oil fraction from the aerial parts of A. annua was analyzed by GC-MS. As the results, caryophyllene oxide (11.7%), caryophyllene (7.54%), camphor (7.32%), 1,8-cineol (4.98%), and borneol (3.99%) were confirmed as the main components of the oil fraction. The effects of this oil and its main components on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium were assessed. A. annua oil fraction significantly inhibited all strains of the two Salmonella species examined, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.0 mg/ml to 8.0 mg/ml. Among the main components of the oil, borneol and camphor showed relatively strong inhibiting activity with MICs between 1.0 mg/ml and 4.0 mg/ml. The MICs of caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were higher than 16 mg/ml. The combination effects of the oils with kanamycin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtiter assay. Against S. typhimurium KCCM11862 and CCARM8009 strains, the oil fraction of A. annua, camphor, and 1,8-cineol exhibited significant synergistic with kanamycin with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices in the range of 0.085 to 0.375. In conclusion, a combination of kanamycin and A. annua oil or its main component, camphor, and cineol, may be useful for reducing the minimum effective dose of antibiotic required for the treatment of resistant S. typhimurium infections.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2001

A preparation of water soluble components(EA) was made from carpophores of Elfvingia applanata(Pers.) Karst and its in vitro antibacterial activity on a number of bacterial species was examined by macrobroth dilution assay. Among 16 species of bacteria tested, the most potent antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epiderrnidis and Proteus vulgaris, of which MICs were 1.25 mg/ml. To investigate the antibacterial effects in combinations of EA with quinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin, the fractional inhibitory concentrations(FICs) and the fractional inhibitory concentration indices(FICIs) for four bacterial strains were determined by macrobroth dilution checkerboard assay. Combinations of EA and quinolones exhibited either additive or indifferent effects of antibacterial activity in most instances. However, both synergistic and antagonistic effects were not observed in any cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

It is well known some Foreign aircraft used to fly INCHEON FIR(Flight Information Region), especially the island of IEODO without a flight plan, even though foreign aircraft is subject to submitting a flight plan to Flight Information Center(FIC) before its flight. IEODO is a sunken rock 4.6m beneath the sea level, 149km away from Marado. Facing the Yangtze river's sea entrance horizontally and military zones of Korea and China vertically, IEODO is a very important place for national security of North East Asia because it is located at the boundary between China East Sea and Yellow Sea of South Korea. Moreover, JDZ(the 7th mine lot) is just 77NM from IEODO, which possesses natural gas eight times bigger than the gulf region and oil 4.5 times bigger than that of the U.S. In addition, INCHEON FIR, managed by MLTM(Air Traffic Control Center) and Japanese Self-Defense Force's JADIZ(Japanese Air Defense Identification Zone) are overlapping on IEODO whose air space is very complex. This paper focuses on air space, FIR, ADIZ(Air Defense Identification Zone) and related airspace system and suggests strategic implications of how to prevent foreign aircraft from invading INCHEON FIR without permission and of how to utilize the airspace efficiently.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1288-1294
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• 2021

There are a growing number of reports of hospital-acquired infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Many plant products are now being used as a natural means of exploring antimicrobial agents against different types of human pathogenic bacteria. In this research, we sought to isolate and identify an active molecule from Sedum takesimense that has possible antibacterial activity against various clinical isolates of MRSA. NMR analysis revealed that the structure of the HPLC-purified compound was 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-glucose. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different extract fractions against numerous pathogenic bacteria was determined, and the actively purified compound has potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, i.e., MRSA and its clinical isolates. In addition, the combination of the active compound and β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., oxacillin) demonstrated synergistic action against MRSA, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of 0.281. The current research revealed an alternative approach to combating pathogenesis caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria using plant materials. Furthermore, using a combination approach in which the active plant-derived compound is combined with antibiotics has proved to be a successful way of destroying pathogens synergistically.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37.1-37.8
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• 2022

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Objectives: In this study, the molecular characteristics of two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing APEC isolates were compared with previously reported ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Methods: The molecular characteristics of E. coli isolates and the genetic environments of the ESBL genes were investigated using whole genome sequencing. Results: The two ESBL-producing APEC were classified into the phylogenetic groups C and B1 and ST410 and ST162, respectively. Moreover, the ESBL genes of the two isolates were harbored in different Inc plasmids. The EC1809182 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-55 gene on the plasmid, exhibited extensive homology to IncFIB (98.4%) and IncFIC(FII) (95.8%). The EC1809191 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-1 gene, was homologous to IncI1-I (Gamma) (99.3%). All chromosomes carried the multidrug transporter, mdf(A) gene. Mobile genetic elements, adjacent to CTX-M genes, facilitated the dissemination of genes in the two isolates, analogous to other ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Conclusions: This study clarifies the transmission dynamics of CTX-M genes and supports strengthened surveillance to prevent the transmission of the antimicrobial-resistant genes to humans via the food chain.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 1997

$SrBi_{2}Ta_{2}O_{9}(SBT)$ thin films wcre prepared on $Pt/Ti/SiO_{2}/Si$ suhsrrate by pL~snia-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Sr and Ta huhhling temperatures were kept ,it $120^{\circ}C$ Iron1 X- ray tiiffriict!on. n~icrostruc~ure. and composjrional analysis of SH7' films, respectivels Hi I~ut~t~lmg tempcl.arure was varied SR'I' thin tilrns dcpositcd ar i3i buhbling temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ have dielccrric constanr of 150 anti dissipation factor of 0 02 at IOOkFic. I .eakagc wrrent density of films was ahour $1.0{\times}10^{-8}A/cm^2$ at 20kV/cm. 1.eakage current i11amcrc1istic.s of Sli'l' films nras c.ontrolled by I'oole Frcnkel emission Kenianent polariziit~on and mercivc field oi SR\ulcorner' films annealed at $550^{\circ}C$ were $9{\mu}C/cm^2$ and 70kV/cm, respectively.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.24
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• pp.83-105
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• 2011

The term "ya-o-ii" which is referred as a homosexual comics in Korea came from Japan and it became one of popular genres in both Japan and Korea's comics market. People create yo-o-ii with their own idea or borrow male characters from the pre-existed comics or animation and create a whole new story. Homosexual comics which is based on teenage readers deals with sex and focuses on homosexuality. For that reason it reflects social phenomenon than general material for comics. Before we focus on influence of homosexual comics on teenagers and social phenomenon, this study is for fundamental understanding on homosexual comics itself. In order to look into current state of homosexual comics, the survey was conducted at "Comic World" which is well known as the biggest offline comic event in Korea. This study analyzes range of age and awareness of readers of homosexual comics on the basis of the survey. Hopefully, this study helps better understand an influence of homosexual comics on teenage readers with problem of sex identity and contribute to the study of market segmentations of homosexual comics.