• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2012

Background: The pulmonary function test is the most basic test method to diagnosis lung disease. The purpose of this study was to research the correlation of the body mass index (BMI), the fat percentage of the body mass (fat%), the muscle mass, the fat-free mass (FFM) and the fat-free mass index (FFMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), on the forced expiratory volume curve. Methods: Between March and April 2009, a total of 291 subjects were enrolled. There were 152 men and 139 female (mean age, $46.3{\pm}9.92$ years), and they were measured for the following: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second ($FEV_1$), and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC ($FEF_{25-75}$) from the forced expiratory volume curve by the spirometry, and the body composition by the bioelectrical impedance method. Correlation and a multiple linear regression, between the body composition and pulmonary function, were used. Results: BMI and fat% had no correlation with FVC, $FEV_1$ in male, but FFMI showed a positive correlation. In contrast, BMI and fat% had correlation with FVC, $FEV_1$ in female, but FFMI showed no correlation. Both male and female, FVC and $FEV_1$ had a negative correlation with WHR (male, FVC r=-0.327, $FEV_1$ r=-0.36; p<0.05; female, FVC r=-0.175, $FEV_1$ r=-0.213; p<0.05). In a multiple linear regression of considering the body composition of the total group, FVC explained FFM, BMI, and FFMI in order ($r^2$=0.579, 0.657, 0.663). $FEV_1$ was explained only fat% ($r^2$=0.011), and $FEF_{25-75}$ was explained muscle mass, FFMI, FFM ($r^2$=0.126, 0.138, 0.148). Conclusion: The BMI, fat%, muscle mass, FFM, FFMI, WHR have significant association with pulmonary function but $r^2$ (adjusted coefficient of determination) were not high enough for explaining lung function.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

Background: Men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have reduced endogenous testosterone levels, but the relationship between pulmonary function and endogenous testosterone levels, is inconsistent. Testicular volume is a known indicator of endogenous testosterone levels, male fertility, and male potency. In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship, between testicular volume and lung function. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one South Korean men age 40-70, hospitalized for urological surgery, were retrospectively enrolled, irrespective of the presence of respiratory disease. Study subjects underwent pulmonary function testing, prior to procedures, and testicular volumes were measured by orchidometry. Testosterone levels of patients in blood samples collected between $7{\small{AM}}$ and $11{\small{AM}}$, were measured by a direct chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The 181 study subjects were divided into two groups, by testicular volume (${\geq}35mL$ vs. <35 mL), the larger testes group, had better lung functions (forced vital capacity [FVC]: $3.87{\pm}0.65L$ vs. $3.66{\pm}0.65L$, p=0.037; forced expiratory volume in 1 second [$FEV_1$]: $2.92{\pm}0.57L$ vs. $2.65{\pm}0.61L$, p=0.002; FVC % predicted: $98.2{\pm}15.2%$ vs. $93.8{\pm}13.1%$, p=0.040; $FEV_1$ % predicted: $105.4{\pm}19.5%$ vs. $95.9{\pm}21.2%$, p=0.002). In addition, the proportion of patients with a $FEV_1/FVC$ of <70%, was lower in the larger testes group. Univariate analysis conducted using linear regression models, revealed that testicular volume was correlated with FVC (r=0.162, p=0.029), $FEV_1$ (r=0.218, p=0.003), $FEV_1/FVC$ (r=0.149, p=0.046), and $FEV_1$ % predicted (r=0.178, p=0.017), and multivariate analysis using linear regression models, revealed that testicular volume was a significant predictive factor for $FEV_1$ % predicted (${\beta}=0.159$, p=0.041). Conclusion: Larger testicular volume was independently associated, with favorable indices of lung function. These results suggest that androgens, may contribute to better lung function.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.646-652
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• 1993

연구배경 : 폐암과 같이 만성폐쇄성 폐질환도 고령자 및 흡연자에 많으므로 폐암환자에서 동반율이 높을 것으로 예상되며, 더우기 만성폐쇄성 폐질환이 있는 경우 폐암 발생의 위험도가 증가된다는 보고가 있으며 기존의 폐질환 및 만성적 객담 배출환자에서 폐암 발생의 위험도가 증가된다는 보고도 있다. 따라서 폐암환자에 있어 폐기능을 고찰해 보는 것이 의미있을 것으로 사료되나 국내에서의 보고가 거의 없어 폐환기능 상태에 따른 폐암의 위험인자, 종양의 병기 및 위치를 관찰하여 보고하고자 한다. 방법 : 조직학적으로 원발성 폐암으로 확진되었고 동시에 폐기능 검사가 시행된 총 72예에서 폐기능 성적을 관찰하고 폐환기능 상태에 따른 세포형태, 해부학적 병기, 종양의 위치 및 폐암의 위험인자 등을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1) 정상폐기능은 6예(8.3%), 제한성 환기장애는 16예(22.2%), 중등도의 기도 폐색은 46예(63.9%), 심한 기도폐색은 4예(5.6%)였다. 2) 편평상피암, 중심성 폐종양 및 진행기의 폐종양, 기왕의 폐 질환 및 만성적 객담 배출이 있는 경우 폐기능이 저하되어 있었으나, 흡연유무 및 흡연량과는 유의있는 차이는 없었다. 3) $FEV_1$/FVC비가 75% 이하인 폐환기능 장애 환자에서 편평상피암의 빈도가 높았고 정상 폐환기능을 보인 환자들에서 소세포암의 빈도가 높았다. 결론 : 이상으로 폐암환자의 대부분에서 폐기능이 저하되어 있고, 이것은 종양의 위치 및 세포형태, 해부학적 병기, 기왕의 폐질환 및 만성적 객담 배출과 관련되었으며 폐환기능 장애를 보이는 흡연자에 있어 편평상피암의 빈도가 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2024

Purpose : Smoking is a major factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the effect of electrical cigarette smoking on COPD development is still uncertain. This study aimed to compare the functions of airways and lungs exposed to combustible cigarettes and electrical cigarettes based on the pulmonary function test (PFT) results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods : This study used data from 8,942 participants with PFT results out of 47,309 total subjects from the 6th to 8th Korean NHANES (2014-2015, 2016-2018, and 2019, respectively). Individuals with diseases such as cancer, ex-smokers, and dual tobacco users were excluded. The PFT results were analyzed according to the COPD diagnostic criteria. After adjusting for confounding variables, a complex sample generalized linear model ANOVA test was performed to investigate the association between PFT results and combustible smoker or electrical cigarette user groups. Results : In an analysis based on the obstructive ventilatory disorders (forced expiratory volume in 1 second[FEV₁]/forced vital capacity[FVC]<.7), combustible cigarette smokers showed a 3.46 times higher risk of COPD compared to non-smokers, while electrical cigarette smokers exhibited no significant difference in terms of COPD-related risks compared to non-smokers. FEV₁ showed a negative relation with combustible cigarette smokers as reported elsewhere (B=-.07, p<.001). FEV₁/FVC was negatively related to both combustible cigarette smokers (B=-.03, p<.001) and electrical cigarette smokers (B=-.02, p<.001). Conclusion : FEV₁/FVC decreases were observed in the long-term exposure to both combustible and electrical cigarettes. The lower FEV₁ in the combustible cigarette group implies the worsening of the severity of COPD, suggesting more damage to the airways and lungs in the short term. Therefore, the temporary electrical cigarettes use for the transition period in order to smoking cessation potentially aids to reduce the harmful effect of combustible cigarettes in COPD development.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.188-196
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• 1986

Spirometry and regional function studies using 99m-Technetium were performed preoperatively to predict postoperative pulmonary function change in 34 patients who had various pulmonary resectional procedures at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. Between two months and fourteen months postoperation all the patients were reinvestigated with spirometry and clinical examination to evaluate their functional respiratory status. The postoperative obtained values, especially forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] among the other parameters were compared with the postoperative predicted values. Estimated values of FVC and FEV1 derived from preoperative spirometry and quantitative perfusion lung scan correlated well with the measured postoperative values. The linear regression line derived from correlation between postoperative estimated[X] and postoperative measured[Y] values of FVC and FEV1 in all patients are as follows; 1. Y=0.76x + 0.39 in correlation of FVC [r=0.91] 2. Y=0.88x + 0.17 in correlation of FEV1 [r=0.96],br> This method of estimation was one of the best methods of predicting postoperative pulmonary function change and valuable in determining the extent of safe resection and postoperative prognosis to a poor risk patient with chronic obstructive lung disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2013

Purpose: Forward head posture is a typical symptom in people who use computers for long periods of time. Respiration is a complex function involving co-operation of muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems. Abnormal posture can have a negative effect on respiratory function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between forward head posture and respiratory function in young adults. Methods: Forty-six healthy subjects participated in this study. Craniovertebral angle was measured for assessment of the forward head posture. The respiratory function of all subjects was evaluated by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The baseline of forward head posture was less than 49 degrees. Results: : Significant differences for predicted FVC and FEV1 were observed between the two groups, however, no statistically significant differences in FEV1/FVC ratio and PEF were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that forward head posture has a negative effect on respiratory function in young adults.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1146-1151
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of respiratory exercise on cardiopulmonary function and muscle activity of rectus abdominis in smokers and non-smokers with elderly people. All the participants were older than 65 years, and twenty non-smokers, and twenty smokers participated. Non-smokers and smokers were randomly divined into 10 feedback breathing exercises (FBE) and a balloon-blowing exercise (BBE) group. The FBE and the BBE were performed three times a week for four weeks. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and vital capacity (VC) were measured as pulmonary function. EMG was used to measure the activity of the rectus abdominis. In the FBE and BBE groups, $FEV_1$ was significantly lower in non-smokers compared to smokers at two and four weeks (p<.05), $FEV_1/FVC$, PEF and VC were significantly lower in non-smokers compared to smokers to pre-test, two weeks, four weeks and six weeks (p<.05). Muscle activity of rectus abdominis was significantly difference in the BBE group at pre-test, two weeks, four weeks, and six weeks (p<.05). These results suggest that respiratory exercise was effective in improving pulmonary function and rectus muscle activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2016

Objective: This study reports on the effects of CheonPae-hwan among asthma patients.Method: This case study was conducted with two asthma patients who had visited a traditional Korean medicine clinic. CheonPae-hwan was prescribed to the two patients; we then evaluated the objective symptom changes through forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁). Dyspnea-subjective symptom change was evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS).Results: In case 1, FVC increased from 2.24 to 2.55 after treatment, FEV₁ increased from 1.86 to 1.99, and VAS decreased from 2 to 0. In case 2, FVC increased from 1.51 to 2.79 after treatment, FEV₁ increased from 1.12 to 2.22, and VAS decreased from 8 to 5.Conclusion: CheonPae-hwan appeared to be effective for treating the two asthma patients in our study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.364-374
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• 1980

Twenty-two patients were selected for evaluation of pre-and postoperative pulmonary function. These patients were performed open cardiac surgery with the extracorporeal circulation from March 1979 to July 1980 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungbook National University Hospital. Patients were classified with ventricular septal defect 5 cases, atrial septal defect 5 cases, tetralogy of Fallot 5 cases, mitral stenosis 4 cases, rupture of aneurysm of sinus Valsalva 1 case, left atrial myxoma I case, and aortic insufficiency 1 case. The pulmonary function tests were performed and listed: [1] respiratory rate, tidal volume [TV], and minute volume[MV], [2] forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume[FEV 0.5 & FEV 1.0], [3] forced expiratory flow [FEF 200-1200 ml & FEF 25-75%]. [4] Maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV], [5] residual volume [RV] and functional residual capacity[FRC], measured by a helium dilution technique. Respiratory rate increased during the early postoperative days and tidal volume decreased significantly. These values returned to the preoperative levels after postoperative 5-6 days. Minute volume decreased slightly, but essentially unchanged. Preoperative mean values of the forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity decreased [63.2%, 87.2% & 77.3% predicted, respectively], and early postoperatively these values decreased further [19.6%, 76.0% & 38.0% predicted], but later progressively increased to the preoperative levels. In residual volume, there was no decline in the preoperative mean values [100.9% predicted] and postoperatively the value rather increased [106.3-161.7% predicted]. Forced expiratory volume [FEV 0.5 & FEV 1.0] and forced expiratory flow [FEF 200-1200 ml & FEF 25-75%] also revealed significant declines in the early postoperative period. There was no significant difference in values of the spirometric pulmonary function tests, such as FEF 1.O and FEF 25-75% between successful weaning group [17 cases] extubated within 24 hrs post-operatively and unsuccessful weaning group [5 cases] extubated beyond 24 hrs. Static compliance and airway resistance measured for the two cases during assisted ventilation, however, any information was not obtained. Long term follow-up pulmonary function studies were carried out for 8 cases in 9 months post-operatively. All of the results returned to the pre-operative or to normal predicted levels except FVC, FEV 1.0, and FEF 25-75% those showed minimal declines compared to the pre-operative figures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function in patients with mandibular fractures and to determine the pattern of pulmonary functions in these patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of pulmonary functions in Nigerian non-smoking patients with isolated mandibular fractures managed at our health institution from December 2015 to June 2017. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and ratio of FEV₁ to FVC (FEV₁/FVC) were measured for all participants using a portable spirometer just before treatment. The pulmonary indices were compared with the predicted reference values for Nigerians to determine the respiratory pattern. Results: Forty participants consisting of six females (15.0%) and thirty-four males (85.0%) with a female to male ratio of 1:5.7 were included in this study. The mean patient age was 34.5±13.1 years (range, 17-63 years). The mean FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, and PEFR were 3.8±1.2 L, 3.0±1.0 L, 74.3%±13.8%, and 5.2±2.2 L/s, respectively. Comparison of data with predicted values revealed that 17 subjects (42.5%) had normal pulmonary function pattern while 23 subjects (57.5%) had features suggestive of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary function patterns. Conclusion: Isolated mandibular fractures presented with abnormal pulmonary function pattern.