• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2007

This experiment was designed to evaluate effects of Dandelion (Taraxzcum coreanum) and Dandelion fermented probiotics medium on the growth performance and meat quality in broiler chicks. A total of 150 "Ross" broilers，1-day old, were assigned to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 5 replications per treatment and 6 broilers in each replication for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments included a control (Dandelion and Dandelion fermentation was not added), antibiotic (0.05 chlortetracycline was added), 1.0% Dandelion supplementation and 0.5 and 1.0% Dandelion fermented probiotics, respectively. There was no significant difference in final body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers fed diets containing antibiotics, 1.0% Dandelion supplementation and 0.5 and 1.0% Dandelion fermented probiotics. The total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in plasma and meat cholesterol content was not affected by 0.5 and 1.0% Dandelion fermented probiotics and 1.0% Dandelion supplementation (P>0.05). The oleic acid content was significantly increased in 0.5% Dandelion fermented probiotics compared to that of the control (P<0.05). As a result, Dandelion and Dandelion fermented probiotics result in the influence on decreasing cholesterol in blood, particularly when adding probiotics, oleic acid that is the important factor in taste testing of meat increases thus the quality and taste of the chicken meat could be improved with the effect.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2013

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of feedstuff of Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) to replace of antibiotic in the diets of broiler chickens. A total of 720 1-d-old straight run broiler chicks (Ross ${\times}$ Ross) was randomly assigned into six treatments with four replicate pens (30 birds/replicate pen) for 5-wk. A corn-soy bean meal basal diet was formulated, the treatment groups were negative group (NC, antibiotic-free diet) and 0.1% virginiamycin in as antibiotic growth promoters (PC), 1.0% fresh liquid Chlorella (T1), 1.0% dried Chlorella powder (T2), 1.0% commercial Chlorella product and 1.0% (T3) and commercial Chlorella product 0.5% (T4) were added to the basal diet to form six dietary treatments. No significant differences were found among the treatments for feed intake and feed conversion of broiler chickens during the whole experimental period, but the BW gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) in commercial Chlorella product supplemental groups than the control group (NC and PC groups). Dietary supplementation of Chlorella significantly (P<0.05) increased the plasma IgA, IgM and IgG concentration of chicks compared to NC and PC groups. Supplemental AGPs and commercial chlorella product did not affect the E. coli and Salmonella concentration in the intestinal microflora of broiler chicks; however, the population of Lactobacillus was significantly increased (P<0.05) when birds were fed commercial Chlorella product groups. It is concluded that commercial Chlorella product supplementation could be used as an alternative of antibiotics to promote growth and immune response by increasing the production of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

This work was carried to evaluate effect of different raising periods on fatty acids and amino acids properties of Korean native commercial ducks. Korean native ducks (n = 90) from National Institute of Animal Science (RDA, Korea) were divided into 6 groups (15 birds/group) and were fed with meat-type duck diets for 8 wk old. When ducks grew at specific wk (6, 7 and 8 weeks), 2 ducks per group were slaughtered at 6, 7 and 8 wk old. Myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) of saturated fatty acid (SFA) were the highest and arachidonic acid of unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) was the lowest at the age of 6 weeks old (P<0.05) at the age of 6 weeks old among treatments. Stearic acid of SFA was the highest at the age of 7 weeks old among treatments. There was no significant difference on other fatty acids among treatments. SFA and USFA have significant difference at the age of 8 weeks (P<0.05). Histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and threonine of essential amino acid increased with passing weeks (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on isoleucine and valine (P>0.05). Every non-essential amino acids were the highest at the age of 8 weeks among treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, fatty acid contents and amino acid contents increased until the age of 8 weeks old, but further research was needed because of deficiency of data to suggest the correct shipping time.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2013

This work was carried out to investigate the performance of large-type Korean native ducks at middle laying phase (30 to 50 weeks). A total of one hundred and sixty eight laying ducks were divided into A and B strains (6 replications/strain, 14 birds/replication and fed practical diet, for 20 weeks). There was no significant difference in body weight, daily feed intake and average egg weight. With increasing rearing period, mean body weight tended to be decreased and showed the lowest value (2,649 g) at 42 weeks of age (P<0.05). Similar trend was observed for weekly feed intake and average egg weight which decreased with passing weeks and was lowest (190.5 g and 83.8 g, respectively) at the age of 42~46 weeks (P<0.05). Daily egg production of B strain was higher than that of A strain at the age of 46~50 weeks (P<0.05). Weekly egg production of A and B strains commenced to decrease from the age of 42 weeks, however, B strain recovered at 46~50 weeks of age (P<0.05). At the age of 30~38 weeks, the egg production in B strain was higher than A strain (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between both the strains during 38~50 week. Feed conversion ratio of A strain was higher than that of B strain at 46~50 weeks of age (P<0.05). Weekly feed conversion was highest at the age of 42~46 weeks (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present results provides the basic information of the performance record of large-type Korean native ducks for the middle laying phase.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

This work was carried out to investigate effects of the freezing/thawing method on duck meat kept in a freezer for a month. The meats used were breast muscle collected from Korean native ducks (KND) that were fed for 8 weeks (2.8 kg of live weight). Forty-five samples were used after being frozen in storage for one month and were then divided into 5 treatments (3 replications/treatment, 3 samples/replication). Five treatments (CON, FFFT, FFST, SFFT and SFST) were control groups (CON) and four were experimental groups, using $2{\times}2$ complex factors with two freezing methods (fast freezing, FF, $-50^{\circ}C$ in a deep freezer; slow freezing, SF, $-20^{\circ}C$ in a common freezer) and two thawing methods (fast thawing, FT, 5 h $12^{\circ}C$ with flow water; slow thawing, ST, 24 h $5^{\circ}C$ in a refrigerator). Lightness of KND meat in FF and FT groups was lower than that of control (P<0.05). Yellowness of KND meat of the ST group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Cooking loss (CL) and water holding capacity (WHC) of KND meat in the control were lower than those of the freezing and thawing groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), but shear force (SF) of the control was higher than that of other groups (P<0.01). Moisture content of the ST group was higher than that of the FT group (P<0.05), and protein content of the FF group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Stearic acid (C18:0) of the SF group was higher than that of the FF group (P<0.05). Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) of control was higher than that of the SF and ST groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and tyrosine content of the control were lower than that of the freezing and thawing groups (P<0.05). These results show that freezing and thawing methods affect meat color, shear force, cooking loss, and WHC-related water content.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of a probiotic complex (PC) containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, organ weight, immune parameters, fecal microbial count, and noxious odor in broiler chicks. A total of 216 birds (4-day-old) were fed a basal diet (CON) and a diet supplemented with 0.25% (PC1) and 0.5% (PC2) of PC until 35 days of age. No difference in body weight, feed intake, and FCR was observed among the groups. The intestinal mucosal weight of the PC1 group was greater than that of the CON group without affecting weights of the other organs. Intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in the PC2 group increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with that in the CON group. The PC2 group also had a strong tendency for elevated blood sIgA levels. Dietary PC did not affect the level of interleukin-1β in the blood and mucosal tissues or alter maltase, sucrase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities in the intestinal mucosa. The PC2 group had higher colony-forming units (cfu) for L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae, but lower cfu for E. coli than those in the CON group. Compared to the CON diet, the PC2 diet resulted in a decreased H₂S concentration and a tendency toward decreased CH₃SH concentration. In conclusion, a 0.5% PC diet showed increased sIgA and desirable microbial population, and decreased noxious odor in the feces, suggesting that PC could be applied as an environmentally friendly feed additive in broiler chicks.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the possibility of the use of dried mackerel, which is enriched with docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) acids, as a means of increasing the intake of these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and to investigate the effect of the consumption of mackerel on tissue triglyceride, cholesterol contents and fatty acid compositions. Twenty male mice were fed on 5% palm oil (control group) and 5% dried mackerel (mackerel group) diets for four weeks. Total triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels tended to decrease in serum, heart and kidney of the mackerel group compared to the control group, while HDL-cholesterol levels were increased with the intake of mackerel. In fatty acid compositions of serum and heart, the mackerel group showed increased percentages of n-3 fatty acids, especially DHA and EPA, and decreased percentages of arachidonic (20:4n-6, AA) and docosapentaenoic (22:5n-6, DPAn-6) acids compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was a similar tendency in kidney and adipose tissue but AA levels were not significantly different between the control and mackerel groups. These results indicate that intake of dried mackerel as the n-3 vehicle for increasing tissue n-3 fatty acids may be associated with improvement in lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1104-1111
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Sikhe made by medicinal herb on the functional level of liver. Water extract I (12.9% W/W) and II (25.8% W/W) were obtained from medicinal materials: Caragana Sinica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atractylodes rhizoma alba, Atractylodes rhizoma alba, Crataegus pinnatifida, Paeonia lactiflora Pasll., Hordeum vulgare Linne, Oryza sativa Linne, ginger, peer and jujube. Experimental groups were divided into the control diet group (C), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet treated with 5% extract I group (HFE I ) and high fat diet treated with 5% extract II group (HFE II). In sensory evaluation, overall quality scores associated with color, aroma, flavor and taste were significantly higher in water extract II than in water extract 1. After investigating functional and lipid levels of livers in rats, we found that the administration of water extract I or water extract II to the high fat diet group (HF) did not affect the gain of body weight but mildly reduced GOT or GPT activity in the high diet group. Moreover, administration of these medicinal herbal extracts significantly decreased the levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in the high fat diet group (HF). However, administration of these medicinal herbal extracts did not affect the level of phospholipid. In conclusion, as Sikhe made by medicinal herb slightly decreased the activity of GOT or GPT and amount of lipid in liver, prevention against high fat diet is thought to be important for liver protection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1063-1073
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• 2016

Male climacteric syndrome, andropause, or testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is one of the new health issues in elderly men. It is a natural phenomenon that happens with age in men, which is clinically characterized by a decline in levels of serum testosterone resulting in a significantly decreasing of physical and mental activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative alleviative effects of dandelion extract on the symptoms of TDS by increasing serum testosterone levels and compare the efficacy between dandelion extract (DE) and fermented dandelion extract (FDE). After daily intake of DE and FDE for 4 weeks, serum testosterone levels, muscles of vastus lateralis, forced swimming time, total sperm counts, and motile sperm counts were significantly increased in older rats (22 weeks). Additionally, SHBG, epididymal fat pad, total serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in DE and FDE fed groups. However, PSA levels were not different among all groups. Furthermore, DE and FDE enhanced the expression of genes related to testosterone biosynthesis in TM3 Leydig cells. Overall, these positive effects on andropause were greater in FDE compared to DE. These results suggest the potential of FDE as a safe and efficacious natural material for recovering testosterone levels and reducing andropause symptoms.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic substances as well as microorganisms were added to infant formula in an attempt to influence the intestinal microflora with an aim to stimulate the growth of lactic acid bacteria, especially bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Over the last 10 years, new synbiotic infant formulas containing probiotics and prebiotics have been proposed in order to simulate the effect of breast-feeding on the intestinal microflora. Owing to their synergistic effect, the new synbiotics are expected to be more helpful than using probiotics and prebiotics individually. Maintenance of the viability of the probiotics during food processing and the passage through the gastrointestinal tract should be the most important consideration, since a sufficient number of bacteria ($10^8cfu/g$) should reach the intended location to have a positive effect on the host. Storage conditions and the processing technology used for the manufacture of products such as infant formula adversely affect the viability of the probiotics. When an appropriate and cost-effective microencapsulation methodology using the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status and substances with high biological value are developed, the quality of infant formulas would improve. The effect of probiotics may be called a double-effect, where one is an immunomodulatory effect, induced by live probiotics that advantageously alter the gastrointestinal microflora, and the other comprises anti-inflammatory responses elicited by dead cells. At present, a new terminology is required to define the dead microorganisms or crude microbial fractions that positively affect health. The term "paraprobiotics" (or ghost probiotics) has been proposed to define dead microbial cells (not damaged or broken) or crude cell extracts (i.e., cell extracts with complex chemical composition) that are beneficial to humans and animals when a sufficient amount is orally or topically administered. The fecal microflora of bottle-fed infants is altered when the milk-based infant formula is supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics. Thus, by increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, prebiotics modify the fecal microbial composition and accordingly regulate the activity of the immune system. Therefore, considerable attention has been focused on the improvement of infant formula quality such that its beneficial effects are comparable to those of human milk, using prebiotics such as inulin and oligosaccharides and potential specific probiotics such as bifidobacteria, which selectively stimulate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the microflora and the indigenous intestinal metabolic activity of the microflora.