• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.123-129
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• 1998

A numerical study has been conducted to investigate the effect of shock waves on the mixing and the recirculation zone of a hydrogen jet diffusion flame in a supersonic combustor. The general trends are compared with the experimental results obtained from the supersonic combustor at the University of Michigan. For the numerical simulation of supersonic diffusion flames, multi-species Navier-Stokes equations and detailed chemistry reaction equations of $H_2$-Air are considered. The $K-{\omega}/k-{\varepsilon}$ blended two equation turbulent model is used. Roe's FDS method and MUSCL method are used for convection fluxes in governing equations. Numerical results show that when slender wedges are mounted at the combustor wall the mixing and the combustion are enhanced and the size of recirculation zone is increased . The flame shape of supersonic flames is different in the flame-tip; it is not closed but open. The flame shape is shown to be greatly affected by shock waves.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1984-1989
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• 2008

In this study, fire simulations were performed to analyze the characteristics of the fire driven flow and the effects of the platform screen door on the smoke flow in the station, when the fire occurred in the center of the platform. Soongsil Univ. station (line number 7, 47m in depth underground) was chosen which was the one of the deepest underground subway stations in the Seoul metro, SMRT. The parallel computational method was employed to compute the heat and mass transfer eqn's with 6 CPUs of the linux clustering machine. The fire driven flow was simulated with using FDS code in which LES method was applied. The Heat release rate was 10MW and The Ultrafast model was applied for the growing model of the fire source. The 10,000,000 structured grids were used.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.241-245
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• 2010

화재방호에 성능기반 개념을 도입함에 따라 화재모델링의 활용도는 점점 높아지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 FDS를 이용하여 원자력발전소 펌프실의 윤활유 화재 시 케이블의 손상여부를 평가하고, 확인분석을 통해 화재모델링의 적합성을 파악하는 데 있다. 화재는 펌프 주변의 누출된 윤활유에서 발생하며 화원의 면적은 $2.75m^2$이고 단위면적당 열방출율은 $1,794kW/m^2$로 가정하였다. 계산결과, 고온기체층의 온도는 $400^{\circ}C$를 상회하고 있으나 케이블 트레이의 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$ 아래로 예측되고 있어 본 화재시나리오에서 케이블의 건전성은 유지되고 있으며 밀폐된 격실에서의 대형화재는 환기지배형 화재가 된다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 확인분석 결과, 화재 시나리오의 주요 변수인 열방출율, 격실크기 그리고 강제 환기 변수가 확인계산 범위 내에 있어 본 계산결과는 NUREG-1824의 확인요건을 만족하고 있다. 따라서 펌프실 윤활유 화재에 대한 모델링의 적합성을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 실제 규모 데이터센터의 3D 모델링을 기반으로 대상 공간별 화재 시나리오를 선정하여 화재 및 피난 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. FDS와 Pathfinder는 full coupling 방식을 사용할 수 없는 한계가 있으며 semi coupling의 경우 가시화에는 도움이 되나 결과에 영향을 주지 않는다. 따라서 재실자의 피난 상황 시 경로에 대한 안전성과 화재 위험 노출 정도를 시각적으로 분석하는 것이 가능한 semi coupling과 시뮬레이션 결과 데이터 분석을 병행하여 수행하였다. 전산실의 경우 서버의 기능상실 한계 온도가 32도이기 때문에 서버 기능 정지 상황에 도달하는 시간을 중점적으로 분석하였다. 전산실은 업무 및 고객 서비스와 관련된 모든 데이터들을 저장하기 위해 항시 기동 되어야 하는데 전산실 내 화재가 발생할 경우 1~2분 이내 서버 기능이 정지되는 상황이 발생하였다. 따라서, 서버가 안전하게 계속 동작하기 위해서는 전력 계측 및 제어 케이블 열화, 서버 장치의 건전성이 유지되어야 하며 초기 화재를 빠르게 감지하여 진압하여야 한다. 피난 시뮬레이션의 경우 가시도를 상실하게 되는 시간이 약 195초(5m 미만) 인근으로 인원이 해당 층을 완전히 벗어나는 데 걸리는 시간이 약 125.6초였던 것을 보면 대피하기에 충분한 허용 피난시간(ASET)을 확보하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.80-85
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• 2017

Recently, in Korea, construction of high-rise buildings has been rapidly increasing. Therefore, in order to minimize the loss of life and property in the event of a fire, "performance-based design" which requires performance equal to or better than current regulations is obligatorily required. However, in the field of fire and evacuation simulation, which occupies a large part in the performance-based design, detailed technical guidelines have not yet been established. Therefore, various designers are proceeding with the computer simulation modelling by referring to the design report book previously performed. Especially, in the case of the fire simulation, according to the judgment of a designer the scenario type is selected and the input values is set. Even if the building is used for the same purpose, it is true that the result can be different depending on how and who designed it. Therefore, in this paper, we have investigated the fire scenarios type and scenarios input values by randomly examining 7 preliminary reports of performance-based design in B metropolitan city. We also propose the improvement strategy for fire simulation and lay the groundwork for establishment of technical guidelines for fire simulation for performance-based design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.3 s.20
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• pp.44-50
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• 2003

The axisymmetric methane-air counterflow flame was simulated to investigate changes in the flame structure due to the fuel concentration and to evaluate the numerical method. The global strain rates $a_g=20,\;60,\;90\;s^{-1}$ and the mole fractions of methane $x_m=20,\;50,\;80\%$ in the fuel stream were taken to be numerical parameters. The axisymmetric simulation was conducted by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) which employed a mixture fraction combustion model, and the results were compared with those of OPPDIF, which is an one-dimensional flamelet code and includes detail chemical reactions. In all the cases tested, there was good agreement in the temperature and axial velocity profiles between the axisymmetric and one-dimensional simulations. It was shown that the flame thickness and peak flame temperature increase and the flame radius decreases as the fuel concentration increases.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1054-1061
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• 2009

This research was performed with emphasis on fire driven flow behavior and smoke exhaust efficiency which depend on the presence of PSD which are being installed domestically and overseas. For simulation, Jung-ang-ro station of Dae-gu subway station was chosen as model, and fire driven flow analysis was performed by using FDS as flow analysis code. Since many calculation time are required for calculation due to increase in the number of grid as the entire station is modeled, simulation was conducted in parallel processing technique. The fire driven flow analysis was analyzed case by case with composing fire scenario to compare fire driven flow and smoke exhaust efficiency changes depending on the presence of PSD. For fire scale, fire strength of 10MW was studied by referring to NFPA-l30. The calculation results were analyzed with focus on passenger safety by referring to NFPA-130.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

The sprinkler system is regarded as the most effective fire extinguishing system. In this study, we proposed a sprinkler layout optimization framework based on fire simulation and mathematical programming. As a case study, the target space in the form of ordinary residence was set up with the size of $5.2m(L){\times}5.4m(W){\times}2.4m(H)$, and we constructed the fire scenario that polyurethane couch was ignited through carelessness. And we simulated and analyzed fire speed, temperature change and heat release rate according to the type and number of sprinklers installed. Through the formulation of installation and damage costs depending on sprinklers, the sprinkler layout showing optimal performance was resulted from mathematical programming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.791-800
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• 2017

For fires in ship accommodation areas, if it is possible to predict the pattern in which fire will spread and suggest proper countermeasures according to a situation using a fire simulation tool, fire damage may be reduced. However, fire simulations have a practical limit: a significant amount of time is required to analyze the results due to the size of the computational domain and the number of grids. Therefore, in this study, applicable grid size for fire simulations to predict fire patterns in ship accommodation areas was analyzed, and a generation method was conducted to predict fire behavior in real time. As a result, a value within 0.25[m] was judged appropriate as an applicable grid size for ship accommodation areas. Also, in comparison with studies using a single mesh generation method, the visibility value was similar, within 4.3 %, as was the temperature value, within 8.3 %, when a multi mesh generation method was used, showing a decline of 80 % in analysis time. Therefore, it was confirmed that composing a grid using multi mesh was effective for reducing analysis time.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2008

In this study, the fire suppression characteristics of a water mist with natural wind in a road tunnel were calculated using the FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulation) code. In addition, the cooling and the chemical kinetic effects of water vapor on fire extinction ere investigated in a counterflow non-premixed flame using a detailed chemistry. As a result, the behavior of fire plume and the spray characteristics of water mist are modified remarkably with the increasing of wind velocity. In the case which is not the external natural wind, small droplets are more efficient in fire suppression than large droplets. However, the large droplets show better results on the fire suppression than the small droplets with the increasing of wind velocity. It can be estimated that the natural wind disturb the penetration of water droplets into the flame region and decrease the effect of oxygen dilution. Finally, it can be identified that the fire into the natural wind can be suppressed with smaller amount of $H_2O$ by flame stretching effect in the flame region than one in an enclosure, and the chemical kinetic effects of $H_2O$ on fire extinction are not affected significantly the velocity of natural wind.