• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

The Agricultural Systems Application Platform (ASAP) provides bottom-up modelling and simulation environment for agricultural engineer. The purpose of this study is to expand usability of the ASAP to the second order partial differential equations: elliptic equations, parabolic equations, and hyperbolic equations. The ASAP is a general-purpose simulation tool which express natural phenomenon with capsulized independent components to simplify implementation and maintenance. To use the ASAP in continuous problems, it is necessary to solve partial differential equations. This study shows usage of the ASAP in elliptic problem, parabolic problem, and hyperbolic problem, and solves of static heat problem, heat transfer problem, and wave problem as examples. The example problems are solved with the ASAP and Finite Difference method (FDM) for verification. The ASAP shows identical results to FDM. These applications are useful to simulate the engineering problem including equilibrium, diffusion and wave problem.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1989

매스콘크리트(mass concrete)는 시멘트의 수화숙(水和熟)에 의하여 온도응력(溫度應力)이 생기며, 균열(龜裂)을 일으키게 된다. 매스콘크리트 내부(內部) 온도(溫度) 해석(解析)에는 Carlson의 방법(方法)이나, Glover의 방법(方法) 등이 오늘날까지 많이 쓰여 왔으나 이 방법(方法)들은 공학적(工學的)으로 간단한 가정(假定)을 하여 온도(溫度) 해석(解析)하고 있으므로, 실체적인 추정치(推定値)가 되지 못 한다고 알려져 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 유한차분법(有限差分法)(FDM)에 의하여 콘크리트 댐의 내부온도(內部溫度)를 해석(解析)하고, 이것의 유용성(有用性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 계산기(計算機)로 계산한 계산치(計算値)와 충주(忠州) 대에서 실측(實測)한 실측치(實測値)를 비교검토(比較檢討)한 결과 좋은 근사치(近似値)를 얻었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2007

Nonlinear response structural optimization is performed using equivalent loads (NROEL). Nonlinear response optimization is extremely cost because many nonlinear analyses are required. In NROEL, the external loads are transformed to the equivalent loads (EL) for linear static analysis and linear response optimization is carried out based on the EL in a cyclic manner until the convergence criteria are satisfied. EL is the load set which generates the same response field of linear analysis as that of nonlinear analysis. The primitive from of theory has been published. In this research, the theory is investigated with large scale example problems. Four examples are solved by using NROEL. Conventional optimization with sensitivity analysis using the finite difference method (FDM) is also applied to the same examples. Moreover, response surface optimization method is applied to the last two examples. The results of the optimizations are compared. In nonlinear response optimization of large scale problems, hundreds (or even thousands) of nonlinear analyses are expected to satisfy the convergence criteria. However, in nonlinear response optimization using equivalent loads, only tens of nonlinear analyses are required. The results are discussed and the usefulness of NROEL is presented.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.612-615
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• 1996

In the continuous casting process, molten metal contacts the mold wall and the molten metal surface is subject to the mold oscillation. The mold oscillation results in the oscillation marks on the surface of solidified steel, which has undesirable effects on the quality of slabs. In order to reduce the oscillation marks by achieving soft contact of molten metal with the mold surface, alternating magnetic field is applied to the surface of molten metal. However, if the magnetic field strength becomes too strong, the melt flow induced by the magnetic field. causes the instability of the molten metal surface, which has also the bad influence on the slab quality. Therefore, it is very important to choose the optimal position of the inductor coil and the optimal level of electric power to minimize the surface defects. In the present work, as a first step toward the optimization problem of the process, numerical studies are performed to investigate the effects of coil position and the electric power level on the meniscus shape and the flow field. As numerical tools, the boundary integral equation method(BIEM) is used for the magnetic field analysis and the finite difference method (FDM) with orthogonal grid generation is used for the flow analysis.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2016

A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger is useful for analyzing the modern ground source heat pump system. Furthermore, a detailed description of the inner side of the exchanger allows to account for the effects of the thermal capacity. Thus, both methods are included in the proposed numerical model. For the ground portion, a FDM (Finite Difference Method) scheme has been applied using the Cartesian coordinate system. Cylindrical grids are applied for the borehole portion, and the U-tube configuration is adjusted at the grid, keeping the area and distance unchanged. Two sub-models are numerically coupled at each time-step using an iterative method for convergence. The model is validated by a reference 3D model under a continuous heat injection case. The results from a periodic heat injection input show that the proposed thermal capacity model reacts more slowly to the changes, resulting in lower borehole wall temperatures, when compared with a thermal resistance model. This implies that thermal capacity effects may be important factors for system controls.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 1999

A heat transfer analysis for the two-dimensional (2-D) steady state using finite difference method (FDM) is performed to predict the thermal behavior of the primary first-wall (FW) system of fusion reactor under various geometric and thermo-hydraulic conditions, such as the beryllium (Be) armor thickness, pitch of cooling tube, and coolant velocity. The FW consists of authentic steel (type 316 stainless steel solution annealed) for cooling tubes, Cu for cooling tubes embedding material, and Be for a protective armor, based on the International Thermonuclear Experiment Reactor (ITER) report. The present 2-D analysis, the control volume discretized with hybrid grid (rectangular grid and polar grid) and Gauss-Seidel iteration method are adapted to solve the governing equations. In the present study, geometric and thermo-hydraulic parameters are optimized with consideration of several limitations. Consequently, it is suggested that the adequate pitch of cooling tube is 22-32mm, the beryllium armor thickness is 10-12mm, and that the coolant velocity is 4.5m/s-6m/s for $100^{\circ}C$ of inlet coolant temperature. The cooling tube should locate near beryllium armor. But, it would be better for locating the center of Cu wall, considering problems of material and manufacturing. Also, 2-D analysis neglecting the axial temperature distribution of cooling tube is appropriate, regarding the discretization error in axial direction.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.198-203
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• 2004

Ocean developments gradually move to deep-sea in the 21 century. A deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle is one of important tools for ocean resource survey. A marine cable plays an important role for the safe operation and signal transmission of a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle. The first cable of a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle is excited by surface vessel motion and shows non-linear dynamic behaviors. A ROV launcher is also excited by the 1st cable motion. A numerical method is necessary for analysing the dynamic behaviour of the first marine cable and the ROV launcher. In this study, a numerival program is appled to a 6,000m long cable for a deep-sea unmanned underwater vehicle to shaw shows the dynamic behaviour of the cable and the ROV launcher under combined excitations.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2011

In this study, we proposed a novel electrode structure for the fringe field switching (FFS) mode LCD and performed a three-dimensional computer simulation to calculate the optical transmittance for the new structure. In the simulation Erickson-leslie equation and Berreman $4{\times}4$ matrix were used for obtaining the director distribution profiles of liquid crystal molecules and the electro-optical characteristics, respectively. Considering the complexity of the motional equation of the liquid crystal molecules, FDM (finite difference method) was used as a numerical method. From the results, We revealed that the light transmission of the newly designed pixel structure is expended to the edge of the pixel electrode. We also confirmed that the light transmittance increased more than 13% compared to that of the conventional electrode structure.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 암반근입 현장타설말뚝의 선단지지력에 영향을 미치는 주요 영향인자들과 이들 영향인자에 따른 선단지지력의 변화특성을 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 수치해석은 일반적으로 널리 사용되는 연속체해석 중 유한차분해석(FDM)과 암반에 존재하는 불연속면(절리, 단층 등)의 특성을 고려할 수 있는 불연속체해석 중 개별요소해석(DEM)을 병행함으로서 해석의 정확도를 높였다. 그 결과, 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 선단지지력($q_{max}$)은 암반의 탄성계수($E_m$), 불연속면의 간격($S_j$)에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 말뚝의 직경(D)에는 반비례하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 불연속면의 경사($i_j$)에 대해서는 불연속면의 경사($i_j$)가 $0^{\circ}$ < $i_j$ < $60^{\circ}$일 때의 선단지지력은 그 외 경사의 선단지지력에 비해 최대 약 50%까지 감소하였으며 이는 말뚝으로부터 전해진 하중에 의하여 말뚝하부 암반 자체 보다 암반의 불연속면에서 먼저 전단파괴가 발생하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 불연속면의 경사($i_j$)가 불연속면의 내부마찰각(${\phi}_j$)과 근접할 때 선단지지력이 최소치에 가까운 것으로 나타났으며, 따라서 불연속면의 경사가 일반적인 암반 및 암반 불연속면 내부마찰각의 범위인 $20^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$에 존재할 때는 선단지지력의 산정 시 반드시 불연속면 경사의 영향을 고려해야하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2018

Effect of the nonuniform grid on the two-dimensional transport equation was investigated in terms of theoretical analysis and finite difference method (FDM). The nonuniform grid having a typical structure of the numerical weather forecast model was incorporated in the vertical direction, while the uniform grid was used in the zonal direction. The staggered and non-staggered grid were placed in the vertical and zonal direction, respectively. Time stepping was performed with the third-order Runge Kutta scheme. An error analysis of the spatial discretization on the nonuniform grid was carried out, which indicated that the combined effect of the nonuniform grid and advection velocity produced either numerical diffusion or numerical adverse-diffusion. An analytic function is used for the quantitative evaluation of the errors associated with the discretized transport equation. Numerical experiments with the non-uniformity of vertical grid were found to support the analysis.