• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2012

In this study, the research examined the effect on FC, WG, RP replacement ratio on the quality improvement of BS mortar using the RA. First of all, the flow value increased as the FC contents increased, and decreased as the WG and RP contents increased. The air contents was reduced as the FC and RP contents increased, but was increased as the WG contents went up While the compressive strength of 1 : 7 mix proportion increased with the increase of the FC and WG contents, it decreased as there was more RP contents. The compressive strength of RP could increase as the mix proportion increased, but the difference depending on the improvement material type and replacement ratio decreased gradually. The absorption deteriorated as the FC and RP contents increased in all the mix proportions, but improved a little when WG was used. Meanwhile, the absorption decreased as the compressive strength improved in all the mix proportions as a correlation, but the order was FC, RP and WG depending on the quality improvement material types. The FC and WG were most favorable in terms of quality improvement as a total analysis, and the RP and WG was most effective in terms of economical efficiency and resource recycling.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

연구배경 IgG에 대한 $Fc{\gamma}$ 수용기는 치주병인균에 대한 숙주 반응에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이 중 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$는 NK 세포, 대식세포, 단핵구, ${\gamma}{\delta}T$세포에서 발현되며, EC2 도메인에서 158 아미노산 부위의 valine (V)-phenylalanine (F)의 유전자다형성을 보인다. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$는 특이적으로 중성구에 발현되는데, extracellular (ECl) Ig-like 도메인 내 4개의 아미노산 치환(substitutions)에 의한 NA1-NA2 유전자다형성을 보인다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인에서 급진성 치주염 환자와 $Fc{\gamma}III$ 수용기의 유전자다형성과의 관련성을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 및 재료 치주적으로 건강한 90명 (대조군, 남자 64명, 여자 26명)과 서울대학교 치과병원 지주과에 내원하여 급진성 치주염으로 진단된 환자 43명 (aggressive periodontitis patients: AgP, 남자 30명, 여자 13명)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 실험 대상자는 임상 실험에 대해 동의 하였고, 초진 시 전자 탐침(Florida Probe(R) Co. Gainesville, FL)을 이용하여 탐침 시 치주낭 깊이 (PPD), 임상부착수준 (CAL), 치태지수(PI), 탐침 후 출혈지수 (BOP)를 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 정맥혈에서 추출한 DNA를 PCR법, 전기영동법 등을 이용하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$, $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$의 대립 유전자의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ 복합 유전형을 확인하여 각 군 간을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 1. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$에 대한 유전자다형성 연구 결과 대조군과 급진성 치주염 환자 군(AgP)사이에서는 대립 유전자 분포가 서로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었고 (P<0.05), $Fc{\gamma}RIIIb$에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. (P>0.05) 2. $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 158F 대립형질이 급진성 치주염 환자에서 유의성 있게 많이 발견되어졌다. (P<0.05) 결론 이 연구를 통하여 $Fc{\gamma}RIIIa$ 유전자의 분석이 한국인의 급진성 치주염에 대한 감수성의 위험요소의 표지자로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향 후 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 히는 추가 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.671-681
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• 2004

Genomic Project 이후로 다양한 질환에 있어서 유전적인 영향에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인 치주질환 환자에서 Fc ${\gamma}R$ 유전자의 유전자다형성과 치주질환 특성과의 관련성을 알아보는 것이다. 치주적으로 건강한 한국인 90명(대조군, 남자64명, 여자26명), 중도 만성 치주염환자 40명(severe chronic periodontitis patients; severe CP, 남자 24명, 여자 16명)을 대상으로 임상지수(치주낭 깊이, 입상부착소실, 치은지수, 치태지수, 탐침 후 출혈지수, 치조골소실)를 측정하였다. 또한 이들의 정맥혈에서 추출한 DNA를 PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)법, 전기영동법 등을 이용하여 Fc ${\gamma}RIIIa$ , Fc ${\gamma}RIIIb$의 대립유전자의 존재여부를 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 각 유전자의 다형성 및 Fc ${\gamma}R$ 복합유전자형 (Fc ${\gamma}R$ composite genotype)을 확인하여, 각 군 간을 비교하였다. 치주질환의 특성과 유전자 다형성과의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 Fc ${\gamma}R$ 유전자에 대한 유전자다형성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. Fc ${\gamma}RIIla$에 대한 유전자다형성 연구결과 대조군과 severe CP, AgP군 사이에서, severe CP와 AgP군 사이에서는 대립유전자분포가 서로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었지만(p<0.05), Fc ${\gamma}RIIlb$에서는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2. Fc ${\gamma}R$ 복합유전자형간의 비교에서 유의성 있는 차이를 발견할 수 없었다(p>0.05). 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 실험대상 한국인 치주염환자에서 Fc ${\gamma}R$ 유전자에 대한 다형성분석에서 Fc ${\gamma}RIIIa$ 대립유전자가 치주염에 대한 감수성과 관련되어 있다고 생각된다. 이 연구의 결과는 유전자의 차이가 치주질환의 감수성 판단의 자료로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2017

Recent studies have reported that certain lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites, such as exopolysaccharides (EPSs), have immunological effects and can modulate the immune system following oral administration. Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FC is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented milk from Caucasians and has been shown to produce EPSs. In this study, the effects of lactoferrins (apo-lactoferrin, holo-lactoferrin, and native-lactoferrin) and transferrins (apo-transferrin and holo-lactoferrin) on the growth of L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC were examined. The addition of lactoferrins and transferrins to L. lactis subsp. cremoris FC cultures was found to be effective at concentrations of 0.5 or 1 mg/mL.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Mast cells and basophils perform important functions as pivotal effector cells in IgE-mediated allergic reactions. KU812F cells, a human basophilic cell line isolated originally from chronic myelocytic leukemia, express a high affinity receptor of IgE, $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$. Kaempferol was extracted and isolated from a methanolic extract of flavonoid-rich Nelumbo nucifera stamens. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of kaempferol on $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression in human basophilic KU812F cells was examined. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression on the cell surface was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner when the cells were cultured with kaempferol. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels for $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}-\;and\;{\gamma}$-chains were reduced as the result of kaempferol treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Kaempferol showed its suppressive effects on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and histamine release from anti-$Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$-chain antibody-stimulated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These observations indicate that kaempferol may exert antiallergic effect via down regulation of $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression and degranulation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2016

Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJN) water extract has a variety of physiological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidative activities. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of AJN extract were investigated in high affinity immunoglobulin E receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$)-mediated KU812F cells activation. AJN extract showed suppressive effects on histamine release and intracellular calcium [$Ca^{2+}$]i elevation from anti$Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ antibody (CRA-1)-stimulated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that AJN extract treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in the cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression and the binding between the cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ and the IgE antibody. Moreover, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that levels of the mRNA for the $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ ${\alpha}$ chain was decreased by treatment with AJN extract. These results indicate that AJN extract may exert anti-allergic effects via the inhibition of calcium influx and histamine release, which occurs as a result from the downregulation of the binding of IgE antibody to cell surface $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$. This mechanism may occur through $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$ expression inhibition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.110-111
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• 2013

FcBP consisting of 13 amino acids specifically binds to Immunoglobulin G Fc domain. Initially, we utilized this peptide for preparation of antibody chip as a PEG composite for enhanced solubility. After then, the peptide conjugate was immobilized on agarose resin, resulting in highly efficient affinity column for antibody purification. The efficiency was comparable to commercial Protein A column. Recently, this peptide was conjugated with cell penetrating peptide (CPP) on a backbone of GFP, affording antibody transducer, which carries antibody into live cells by simple mixing of antibody and the transducer in cell culture media. Antibody transduction into cells was monitored by live cell imaging. More recently, the FcBP was fused to ferritin cage, which consists of 24 ferritin protein molecules. The FcBP-ferritin cage showed greatly increased binding affinity to human IgG. Its binding was analyzed by QCM and SPR analysis. Finally, it was selectively delivered by Herceptin to SKBR3, a breast cancer cell, over MCF10A, non-tumorigenic cells (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Fluorescent microscopic images of SKBR3 breast cancer cells (A~C) and MCF10A breast cells (D~F) treated with Cy3-trastuzumab/fFcBP-Pf_Fn complexes. Trastuzumab and FcBP-Pf_Fn, which were labeled with Cy3 (Cy3-trastuzumab) and fluorescein (fFcBP-Pf_Fn), respectively, selectively targeted SKBR3 over MCF10A.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Eph receptors and their ligands ephrins have been implicated in guiding the directed migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). In this study, we found that Wnt1-Cre-mediated expression of ephrinA5-Fc along the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon resulted in severe craniofacial malformation of mouse embryo. Interestingly, expression of cephalic NCC markers decreased significantly in the frontonasal process and branchial arches 1 and 2, which are target areas for the migratory cephalic NCCs originating in the dien- and mesencephalon. In addition, these craniofacial tissues were much smaller in mutant embryos expressing ephrinA5-Fc. Importantly, EphA7-positive cephalic NCCs were absent along the dorsal dien- and mesencephalon of mutant embryos expressing ephrinA5-Fc, suggesting that the generation of cephalic NCCs is disrupted due to ephrinA5-Fc expression. NCC explant experiments suggested that ephrinA5-Fc perturbed survival of cephalic NCC precursors in the dorsal midline tissue rather than affecting their migratory capacity, which was consistent with our previous report that expression of ephrinA5-Fc in the dorsal midline is responsible for severe neuroepithelial cell apoptotic death. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that expression of ephrinA5-Fc decreases a population of cephalic NCC precursors in the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon, thereby disrupting craniofacial development in the mouse embryos.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-197
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• 2018

Flipped classroom (FC) has gained attention as an active learning approach. Designing effective out-of-class activities to help prepare students for in-class activities is fundamental for successful implementation of FC. This study investigated the effectiveness of Goal-Based Scenarios (GBS) for out-of-class learning in FC. Four out of twelve units in a medical humanities course for Year 2 medical students was redesigned into a FC format, where e-learning modules were designed using a GBS approach for out-of-class activities and classroom debates were implemented for in-class activities. The other eight units were delivered in a conventional classroom debate format, which included reading text materials as pre-class assignments. A formative evaluation study was conducted using questionnaires and interview methods and students' academic achievements were evaluated by comparing their pre- and post-test scores between FC and conventional units. Students had positive perceptions of the e-learning modules in GBS approach and preferred the structure of learning in the FC format. Students' pre-test scores were slightly higher in the FC units, yet their post-test scores were comparable with conventional units. This study illustrates students' perceptions that the learning was bettered structured in FC and that the out-of-class learning using the GBS approach helped them better prepared for in-class activities.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigens. The family of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors ($Fc{\gamma}Rs$) has emerged as central regulators for modulating both pro-and anti-inflammatory responses. However, the role of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in the development of HP has not been investigated yet. Methods: To explore the functional roles of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in HP, $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ and B6 mice were challenged with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR) antigen intranasally, and compared these mice in terms of the histological change, infiltrated immune cells in BALF and in vitro immune responses. Results: $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice exhibited attenuation of HP in terms of histological alterations, and reduced numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in and the increased CD4 : CD8 ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The lungs of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice showed high production of Th2 cytokine such as IL-4 and slightly low production of Th1 cytokine, INF-${\gamma}$ compared to those of B6 mice. However, SR-specific adaptive immune responses of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice were similar to those of B6 mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that activating $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors play an important role in activating neutrophils and macrophages in pulmonary inflammation and inducing Th1 differentiation by regulating cytokine expression in SR-induced HP.