• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1995

The fate and use efficiency of applied nitrogen were evaluated in a pot experiment with different fertilizers and water management practices during 30days after fertilizer application. N-P-K compound fertilizers, 13-10-1l(F-l) for upland Crop use and 15-10-10(F-3) for rice Crop use, and mixed fertilizer, 21-17-17(F-2) for basal dressing in rice were used. Fertilizers corresponding to 1.8g N were mixed thoroughly with the whole volume of sandy loam soil in a pot. The pots were flooded upto 3cm above soil surface for O(0dF), 10(10dF), 20(20dF), and 30(30dF) days after fertilizer application and all the treatments were flooded continuously from 30 days after fertilizer application. During the flooding period water percolation rate was adjusted to 2.5mm/day. Rice seedlings were transplanted 40 days after fertilizer application. The pH of infiltrated water increased with increasing duration of flooding. The pH of F-2 was higher than those of F-1 and F-3 between which there were no differences. The applied nitrogen remained 23% in F-1, 29% in F-2, and 29.1 % in F-3, and 45.0% in 0dF, 26.6% in 10dF, 24.8% in 20dF, and 20.3% in 30dF as inorganic nitrogen at 63 days after fertilizer application. Nitrogen losses by leaching amounted to 51.3%, 32.1% and 48.1% of applied nitrogen in F-1, F-2 and F-3, respectively. Nitrogen leaching losses increased with increasing duration of flood- ing, amounting to 25.7%, 29.8%, 32.7%, and 35.8% in 0dF, 10dF, 20dF and 30dF, respectively. Gaseous loss of applied nitrogen was greatest in F-2, followed by F-1 and F-3. Total loss of nitrogen due to gaseous volatilization and leaching was greatest in F -1, followed by F -2 and F-3, and were greater in the treatments with longer flooding after fertilizer application. Nitrogen recovery by rice shoot until 72 days after transplanting were 23.2%, 24.7% and 27.4% of applied nitrogen in F-1, F-2 and F-3, respectively and 34.1%, 25.5%, 21.1%, and 21.2% in 0dF, 10dF, 20dF and 30dF, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to investigate seed set, variation in chromosome number, and agronomic characteristics of the progeny in the cross between hexaploid triticale variety, Sinkihomil(P$_1$) and tetraploid rye variety, Dooroohomil(P$_2$). Seed set rate obtained was 30.5% in the cross of Sinkihomil with Dooroohomil, whereas 3.26% in reciprocal cross using Dooroohomil as female. Alsoseed set was 8.75% in F$_1$/P$_1$, 7.20% in F$_1$/P$_2$, and 1.53% in F$_2$(=F$_1$ /F$_1$, respectively. Germination rate of crossed seed was 37% in cross of P$_1$ with P$_2$, 39.0% in F$_1$/P$_1$(BC$_1$), 50% in F$_1$/P$_2$(BC$_2$) and 43.0% in F$_1$/F$_1$(F$_2$), and 1,000 grain wight was 20.7g in the cross of P$_1$ with P$_2$, which have 41.9g and 47.7g, respectively, 24.5g in F$_1$/P$_1$, 23.6g in F$_1$/P$_2$, and 24.5g in F$_1$/F$_1$, respectively. In pollen fertility of F$_1$ plant, 69.8% turned out to be abnormal or sterile pollen grains, whereas 30.2% was fertile or normal. In meiosis of pollen mother cell of F$_1$ plant, 13.5 univalents, 8.89 bivalent and 1.24 trivalent were appeared. Somatic chromosome number of 35 in F$_1$, both 32 to 33 and 35 to 36 in F$_2$, 35 to 39 in BC$_1$ and 28 to 36 in BC$_2$ which mean producing female gamate was 14 to 18 chromosome in PMC of F$_1$ plant. Rate of fertile plant turned out to be 100% in F$_1$, 4.5% in F$_2$, 42.9% in BC$_1$, and 50.0% in BC$_2$, respectively. Number of seed set per spike appeared to be 1.17 in F$_1$ plant, 13.3 in F$_2$, 2.36 in BC$_1$, and 3.75 in BC$_2$, respectively. Days to heading of F$_1$ was intermediate, but F$_2$ was later than both parents. Plant height of F$_1$ , BC$_1$ ,and BC$_2$ was shorter than both parent, but F$_2$, longer than both parents.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.247-263
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• 2016

Let $M_{1}f(x,y):=\frac{3}{4}f(x+y)-\frac{1}{4}f(-x-y)+\frac{1}{4}f(x-y)+\frac{1}{4}f(y-x)-f(x)-f(y)$, $M_{2}f(x,y):=2f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(\frac{x-y}{2})+f(\frac{y-x}{2})-f(x)-f(y)$. Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive-quadratic ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) $N(M_{1}f(x,y),t){\geq}N({\rho}M_{2}f(x,y),t)$ where ρ is a fixed real number with |ρ| < 1, and (0.2) $N(M_{2}f(x,y),t){\geq}N({\rho}M_{1}f(x,y),t)$ where ρ is a fixed real number with |ρ| < $\frac{1}{2}$.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.163-179
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• 2016

Let $M_1f(x,y):=\frac{3}{4}f(x+y)-\frac{1}{4}f(-x-y)+\frac{1}{4}(x-y)+\frac{1}{4}f(y-x)-f(x)-f(y)$, $M_2f(x,y):=2f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(\frac{x-y}{2})+f(\frac{y-x}{2})-f(x)-f(y)$ Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive-quadratic ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) $N(M_1f(x,y)-{\rho}M_2f(x,y),t){\geq}\frac{t}{t+{\varphi}(x,y)}$ and (0.2) $N(M_2f(x,y)-{\rho}M_1f(x,y),t){\geq}\frac{t}{t+{\varphi}(x,y)}$ in fuzzy Banach spaces, where ρ is a fixed real number with ρ ≠ 1.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.485-495
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to obtain the information on the crossability, variation of chromosome number in pollen mother cell (PMC) and somatic cell of the progeny from the cross between hexaploid triticale cv. Sinkihomil and two diploid rye varieties. Seed set was 39.3 to 41.6% (averaged 40.5%) in the cross between triticale (P$_1$) and rye(P$_2$), which resulted in 0.33% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 2.69% in F$_1$/P$_1$ 5.47% in F$_1$/P$_2$ respectively. However, seed set was extremely low in both reciprocal crosses when triticale was used as male. Germination rate of the crossed seed was 94.0% in F$_1$ 40.8% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 59.5% in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 65.9% in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between triticale and rye, respectively. Pollen fertility of F$_1$ plant was averaged 18.7% in the cross between triticale and rye. Number of Uni-, Bi-, and Trivalent in PMC was 12. 6, 6.94, and 0.53, respectively, in the F$_1$ between the triticale and rye. There were 28 chromosomes in F$_1$, 21 to 34 in F$_2$, 34 to 38 in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 19 to 23 in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between the triticale and rye, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2006

This study was carried out to isolate the possible anti-tumor promoters from the citrus peel (Citrus natsudaidai Hayata). We fractionated the cold-pressed oil of citrus peel by column chromatography, HPLC and TLC. The analysis on column chromate-graphy yielded seven peaks $(F-I{\sim}F-VII)$, all of which showed single spot on TLC analysis ($R_f$ for $F-I{\sim}VIII$; 0.31, 0.13, 0.13, 0.78, 0.79, 0.69 and 0.84). Among the seven fractions, three fractions (F-I, -II and F-IV) were re-analyzed on HPLC, also showing single peak except for one fraction (F-IV) which was divided two peaks. The retention times $(R_f)$ of F-I and F-II was 3 min. and 2.5 min., respectively, but these of two peaks from F-IV were 2 min. and 4.5 min., respectively. Since the area of the latter peak (4.5 min.) was very smaller than that of the former one (2 min.), it is considered that the latter one did not appear on TLC analysis. The inhibitory effect on tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation in Raji cells was tested for the seven fraction obtained. It decreased in order of F-VI (82.3+1.3%) > F-I (80.4+1.6%) > F-II (77.2+0.9%) > F-III (75.0+1.2%) > F-IV (74.1=1.0%) > F-V (71.0+1.1%) > F-VII (70.2+1.2%). These results imply that some constiuents contained in citrus peels have the inhibitory activity of TPA-induced tumor promotion.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the quadratic and quartic type functional equations $$f(kx+y)+f(kx-y)-k^2f(x+y)-k^2f(x-y)-2f(kx)\\{\hfill{67}}+2k^2f(x)+2(k^2-1)f(y)=0,\\f(x+5y)-5f(x+4y)+10f(x+3y)-10f(x+2y)+5f(x+y)\\{\hfill{67}}-f(-x)=0,\\f(kx+y)+f(kx-y)-k^2f(x+y)-k^2f(x-y)\\{\hfill{67}}-{\frac{k^2(k^2-1)}{6}}[f(2x)-4f(x)]+2(k^2-1)f(y)=0$$ by using the fixed point theory in the sense of L. $C{\breve{a}}dariu$ and V. Radu.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2000

In order to investigate the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound extracted from persimmon leaves(Diospyros kaki folium), animal test was done. Two fractions such as F-1 and F-2 from persimmon leaves were compared with their safety and function. The food intake of group F-1 and F-2 considerably decreased within 1% level. Cadmium addition influenced to rat growth(a tested animal), but food efficiency ratio(FER) wasn't shown any considerable difference in F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control. Cadmium content of liver, kidney and femur considerably decreased within 1% level in F-1 and F-2, compared to the control, cadmium content of liver decreased 25% in F-1, 28% in F-2 3150 decreased 22% md 25% in kidney. In femur, also decreased 53% in F-1 and 59% in F-2 respectively. The test of cadmium content in feces indicate that the content considerably increased within 1% level in both group F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control(42% in F-1, 54% in F-2). As shown the above results, have seen the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2018

Earlier studies reported that the /o/ and /u/ phonemes of Seoul Korean were currently merging in the F1/F2 space. However, studies on perception tests have shown that rates of correctness were high, even in cases where the two vowels overlapped. This study explores whether there is another acoustic parameter that differentiates /o/ from /u/, besides the F1/F2 contrast. Seventy-five native speakers of Seoul Korean, born between 1953 and 1999, participated in a production test. The data collected were analyzed in terms of F1 and F2, H1-H2, and F0. The result shows that the /o/ and /u/ of female speakers almost overlap in the F1/F2 space for all ages, while H1-H2 values are significantly different between the two vowels regardless of age. On the other hand, the /o/ and /u/ of male speakers are largely well separated in the F1/F2 space, while the H1-H2 values between the two vowels are very close at all ages. F0 effect is relatively small for both male and female speakers, even though there is a statistically significant difference. The result of this study provides evidence that female speakers use phonation differences to distinguish /o/ from /u/, and that the F1/F2 contrast has been replaced by H1-H2 values.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

The 1R(Infra-Red) spectrum and PL(Photoluminescence) of the antiferromagnetic pure $MnF_2$ and the single crystal $MnF_2(1.5%\;EuF_3)$ with the rutile structures were measured. The detailed analysis of the measured PL data showed the differences of the optical property between the single crystal $MnF_2(1.5%\;EuF_3)$ and the pure $MnF_2$. It was found that the additional PL peak by the doping of the $EuF_3$ in $MnF_2$ is originated from the f-d transition of $Eu^{3+}$ from the temperature dependent intensity measurement.