• 제목/요약/키워드: F0 Range

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수술로 제거된 비소세포폐암의 예후 예측에 있어 FDG-PET 최대 표준화 섭취계수의 유용성 (Prognostic Usefulness of Maximum Standardized Uptake Value on FDG-PET in Surgically Resected Non-small-cell Lung Cancer)

  • ;이원우;성숙환;전상훈;김유경;이동수;정준기;이명철;김상은
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.205-210
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    • 2006
  • 목적 : PET에서 측정되는 FDG 섭취가 비소세포폐암의 예후예측인자로 인정받고 있으나 최대 표준화섭취계수(maximum standardized uptake value, 이하 maxSUV)의 예후예측 성능에 대해서는 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 저자들은 수술로 제거된 비소세포폐암 환자에서 maxSUV의 재발예측 성능을 알아 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : FDG-PET을 실시한 후 4주 이내에 근치적인 수술을 시행받은 42명의 환자(여:남=14:28, 평균나이 $62.3{\pm}12.3$세)를 대상으로 하였으며 수술 후 병리학적인 stage는 29명은 stage I, 13명은 stage II이었다. 21명의 환자들은 수술 후 경구용 항암제 치료를 받았다. 추적관찰 기간(중앙값 16개월, 범위 3-26개월) 동안 재발여부와 maxSUV와의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결과 10명(23.8%, 10/42)의 환자에서 재발이 확인되었다(추적관찰 기간: 중앙값 7.5개월, 범위 3-13개월). 단변량분석에서 maxSUV (<7 vs. $\geq7$, p=0.006), 종양의 크기(<3 cm vs. $\geq3$ cm, p=0.024), 그리고 종양의 분화도(well/moderate vs. poor, p=0.044)가 비재발-생존기간과 유의한 상관이 있었다. Cox 위험도 모델을 이용한 다변량분석에서는 maxSUV만이 유일한 재발 예측인자이었다. (p=0.014) MaxSUV가 7이상인 환자들(n=10)은 1년 비재발 생존률이 50.0%인 반면에 maxSUV가 7미만인 환자들(n=32)은 1년 비재발 생존률이 87.5%이었다. 결론: MaxSUV는 수술로 제거된 비소세포폐암의 재발을 예측하는 독립적인 인자이었다. FDG 섭취 정도는 기존에 알려져 있는 인자들과 함께 비소세포폐암의 예후에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

백령도 절골저수지의 부영양화와 담수적조 (Eutrophication and Freshwater Red-tide Algae on Early Impoundment Stage of Jeolgol Reservoir in the Paikryeong Island, West Sea of South Korea)

  • 이흥수;허진;박재충;신재기
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제39권2호통권116호
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    • pp.271-283
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    • 2006
  • 섬 지역의 초기 담수과정에 있는 상수원 저수지 (절곡저수지)에서 수색 악화와 여과지 폐색의 원인을 분석하기 위해 2005년 8월에 식물플랑크톤을 포함한 다각적인 수환경 조사를 수행하였다. 저수지의 형태는 단순하였고, 평균 수심은 5.5 m로서, 상류에서 얕고 댐 부근에서 가장 깊었다. 환경요인 중에서 수평적 또는 수직적 차이가 큰 인자는 DO, Chl-a이었고,가장 작은 인자는 수온이었다. 수중 투명도는 0.6 ${\sim}$ 0.9 m범위(평균값 0.7 m)이었고, 탁도의 평균값은 9.3 NTU (8.0 ${\sim}$ l2.1 NTU범위)이었다. 후명도와 탁도의 증감요인은 생물 또는 비생물의 복한적인 영향으로 달 수 있었고 공간적인 차이도 탄영되었다. 수색이 탁한 것은 무기입자의 증가와 식물플랑크톤치 과대증식 영향이 주된 원인이었고, 여과지 폐색은 저수지로부터 식물플랑크톤의 과잉 공급에 의한 문제점이었다. 저수지 내 chlorophyll-a농도의 범위와 평균값은 상층에서 31.6 ${\sim}$ 258.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 123.6 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 저층에서 17.0 ${\sim}$ 37.4 ${\sim}$, 26.5 ${\sim}$이었다. Chlorophyll-a의 증가는 담수적조의 대발생 영향이었고, 주종은 와편모조류 Peridinium bipes f. occultatum이었다. Peridinium의 분포는 chlorophyll-a농도와 밀접한 관련성이 있었다. 담수적조의 현존량은 상류지역에서 $8.5\;{\times}\;10^3\;cell\;mL^L{-1}$로서 많았고, 댐부근의 하류지역($4.4\;{\times}\;10^2\;cell\;mL^L{-1}$)으로 갈수록 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 또한, 담수적조의 원인종으로 규조류 Synedra acus와 남조류 Microcystis aeruginosa도 소량관찰되었다. 저수지의 수질 부영양화 현상은 기존 경사사면형 농경지를 기반으로 조성되었으므로 저층으로부터 풍부한 영양환경을 내재하고 있었고, 담수 초기에 발생할 수 있는 가능성을 포함하고 있었다. 또한 유입수량의 부족과 현재 수질개선을 위해 적용하고 있는 수중폭기시설등의 물리적인 영향도 직 ${\cdot}$ 간접적으로 작용하였을 것으로 추정되었다 따라서 향후 이에 대한 중장기적인 모니터링이 필요하였고 유역과 저수지의 통합적인 수질관리계획 이 요구되었다.

간호개념에 대한 기초조사 (The Empirical Exploration of the Conception on Nursing)

  • 백혜자
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.65-87
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    • 1981
  • The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1% indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0% of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1% of nursing student and 74.7% of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6% satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9% were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l% were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried; 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p < 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96% of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.

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Alternative Method of Retrocrural Approach during Celiac Plexus Block Using a Bent Tip Needle

  • An, Ji Won;Choi, Eun Kyeong;Park, Chol Hee;Choi, Jong Bum;Ko, Dong-Kyun;Lee, Youn-Woo
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.109-115
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    • 2015
  • Background: This study sought to determine safe ranges of oblique angle, skin entry point and needle length by reviewing computed tomography (CT) scans and to evaluate the usefulness of a bent tip needle during celiac plexus block (CPB). Methods: CT scans of 60 CPB patients were reviewed. Image of the uppermost margin of L2 vertebral body was used to measure the minimal and maximal oblique angles and the distances from the midline to skin puncture point. The imaginary needle trajectory distance was calculated by three-dimensional measurement. When the procedure was performed by using a $10^{\circ}$ bent tip needle under a $20^{\circ}$ oblique X-ray fluoroscopic view, the distance (GF/G'F) from the midline to the actual puncture site was measured. Results: The imaginary safe oblique angle range was $26.4-34.2^{\circ}$ and $27.7-36.0^{\circ}$ on the right and left, respectively. The distance from the midline to skin puncture point was 6.1-7.6 cm on the right and 6.3-7.6 cm on the left. The needle trajectory distance at minimal angle was 9.6-11.6 cm on the right and 9.5-11.5 cm on the left. The distance of GF/G'F was 5.1-6.5 cm and 5.0-6.4 cm on the right and left, respectively. All imaginary parameters were correlated with BMI except for GF/G'F. All complications were mild and transient. Conclusions: We identified safe values of angles and distances using a straight needle. Furthermore, using a bent tip needle under a $20^{\circ}$ oblique fluoroscopic view, we could safely perform CPB with smaller parameter values.

(Polystyrene-divinylbenzene)-thiazolylazo형 킬레이트 수지에 의한 Zr(IV) 및 Th(IV)의 선택적인 분리(I) (Selective Separation of Zr(IV) and Th(IV) by (polystyrene-divinylbenzene)-thiazolylazo Chelating Resins(I))

  • 이원;육진경;이시은;이창헌
    • 분석과학
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.323-331
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    • 2000
  • 표면적과 다공성이 큰 Amberlite XAD-16 수지와 2-(2-thiazolylazo)-p-cresol(TAC) 및 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-orcinol(TAO)를 작용기로 하여 합성한 두가지 킬레이트수지인 XAD-16-TAC 및 XAD-16-TAO를 이용하여 Th(IV), U(VI) 및 Zr(IV)의 흡착특성을 뱃치법으로 조사하였다. 혼합 금속 이온 용액의 pH를 2-6으로 조절하고 24시간 진탕시킨 결과 최적 흡착 pH가 5-6범위이었으며, 가리움제로 NTA, CDTA 및 $NH_4F$를 택하여 혼합 금속 이온의 가리움효과를 조사한 결과 XAD-16-TAC 킬레이트 수지에서 혼합 금속 중 Zr(IV) 이온을, 그리고 XAD-16-TAO 수지로 Th(IV)이온을 분리하는데 $NH_4F$의 효과가 가장 우수한것으로 나타났다. 한편, $HNO_3$를 탈착제로 사용하여 농도를 0.1-2M로 변화시켜 금속이온의 탈착율을 조사한 결과 두가지 킬레이트 수지는 비슷한 경향을 나타내어 2 M에서는 Zr(IV)이온을 제외한 금속이온이 100% 탈착되었다. 그리고 Zr(IV), Th(IV) 및 U(VI)의 혼합금속용액에서 XAD-16-TAC 수지는 Zr(IV)을, XAD-16-TAO 수지는 Th(IV)을 선택적으로 분리할 수 있었다.

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점선원 감마선장에서 유효선량의 성별차 및 개연선량당량과의 차이 (Effective Doses in the Radial Gamma Radiation Field near a Point Source: Gender Difference and Deviation from the Personal Dose Equivalent)

  • 장재권;이재기
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.299-307
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    • 1997
  • 점선원 주위에 형성되는 방사상의 감마선장에서 개인선량당량 $H_p$, 유효선량 E, 성별 유효선량 $E^m$$E^f$를 MIRD형 남녀 모의 피폭체를 이용하여 평가하였다. 선원은 신체의 전방 각각 15, 40 및 100 cm 거리의 여러 높이에 있는 것으로 하였고 방사성 핵종으로는 시범적으로 $^{137}Cs$$^{131}I$을 선정하였다. 성별 유효선량에서는 일부 예외적인 경우-예를 들면 선원이 생식선 앞에 위치할 때-를 제외하고는 대체로 여성의 경우가 크게 나타났으나, 남녀 평균값과의 차이는 크지않아 방사상 감마선장에서 성별 유효선량환산인자를 사용할 필요성은 없었다. 선량계를 가슴에서 하복부까지의 몸통 전방에 착용할 경우에는 $H_p$/E의 비가 약$1{\sim}3$의 범위에 있었고 극단적인 경우는 0.34에서 6.5까지 큰 편차를 보였다. 그러나 일반적인 방사선원 취급방법과 선량계 착용위치(흉곽 전방)를 가정하고, 선량계가 넓고 평행한 방사선장에서 유효선량에 대해 교정된다면 평행하지는 않지만 넓은 빔인 방사상 감마선장에 대해서는 용인할 수 있는 오차의 범위에서 유효선량 평가치를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

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Li-X 제올라이트에서의 CO2/CO/CH4/H2 단일성분 및 혼합성분의 흡착평형 (Pure and Binary Gases Adsorption Equilibria of CO2/CO/CH4/H2 on Li-X Zeolite)

  • 박주용;양세일;최도영;장성철;이창하;최대기
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.175-183
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    • 2008
  • 흡착제 Li-X 제올라이트(UOP)에서 $CO_2$, CO, $CH_4$, $H_2$에 대한 단일성분 및 혼합성분의 흡착평형 실험을 정적부피법에 의해 수행하였다. 실험 데이터는 압력범위 0~20 bar와 온도범위 293.15 K, 303.15 K, 313.15 K에서 실시하였다. 각각 등온식의 파라미터들은 단일성분 실험을 통해 결정했고, 결정한 파라미터로 혼합성분의 흡착 평형을 예측하였으며 실험값과 비교하였다. Li-X 제올라이트에서의 $H_2/CO_2$, $H_2/CO$, $H_2/CH_4$ 혼합성분의 흡착평형 실험 결과는 extended langmuir-freundlich(L-F) 등온식, dual-site langmuir(DSL) 등온식을 이용해 예측하였으며 실험값과 비교하였다. L-F 등온식은 다른 모델들에 비해 $CH_4$$H_2$에서 좋은 예측 결과를 보여주었다. 또한 DSL 등온 식은 $CO_2$와 CO에서 좋은 예측 결과를 보여주었다.

콩 P34 단백질 결핍 유전자를 이용한 SSLP 마커 개발 (Development of SSLP Marker Targeted to P34 Null Gene in Soybean)

  • 양기웅;고종민;이영훈;전명기;정찬식;백인열;김현태;박금룡
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.502-506
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    • 2010
  • 콩 알레르기에 민감한 사람들은 15가지가 넘는 콩 알레르기 단백질을 인지한다. 이러한 알레르기 단백질 때문에 콩의 광범위한 사용이 제한적이다. 시스테인 프로테아제에 속하는 P34 단백질은 콩의 주된 알러젠이다. 미국 국무부에서 16,226개의 유전자원에서 P34 단백질이 결핍된 PI567476 유전자원을 찾아냈다. P34 유전자 염기서열과 P34 유전자가 결실된 염기서열을 NCBI 데이터베이스에서 확인한 결과 P34 유전자가 결실된 염기서열에서 4 bp 가 삽입되었다는 것을 확인하였고, 그 부위에서 SSLP 마커를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 태광콩과 PI567476을 이용한 교배조합 $F_2$ 339개체를 개발한 분자표지마커로 확인하였다. 실험결과 태광콩 유형과 heterozygous 유형 및 PI567476 유형의 분리비는 85: 187: 67로 $X^2{_{0.05}}=5.99$, df=2에서 1:2:1의 분리비로 하나의 유전자가 관여한다는 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 P34 단백질 관련 분자마커가 단백질 수준에서 정확히 일치하는지 확인 할 것이다.

용액인상법에 의한 $Cr:Al_2O_3$$Ti:Al_2O_3$ 단결정 육성 (Crystal Growth of $Cr:Al_2O_3$ and $Ti:Al_2O_3$ by Czochralski Technique)

  • 유영문;이영국;박로학
    • 한국결정학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 1995
  • 융액인상법에 의해 Cr:A12O3 및 Ti:A12O3 단결정을 육성한 후 인상속도, 회전속도, 주입이온 및 결정육성 분위기와 같은 결정육성요소가 결정의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 육성된 결정의 레이저 효율과 분광학적 물성을 측정하였다. 직경 20mm, 길이 100-135mm 크기의 결정을 <001>방위로 육성하였다. Cr:A12O3의 주입농도 0.5w/o, 인상속도 2.0mm/hr, 회전속도 30rpm으로 할 때 질소기체에 의한 비활성 분위기하에서 양질의 Cr:A12O3 결정이 얻어졌다. Ti:A12O3 단결정은 TiO2를 0.25w/o 주입하고 인상속도 1.5mm/hr, 회전속도 30rpm으로 육성할 때, 수소기체에 의한 환원성 분위기하에서 양질의 결정이 얻어졌다. 원자가가 변화하지 않는 Cr3+이온은 원자가가 변화하는 Ti4+이온을 주입할 때보다 효과적으로 탈포되었으며, Fe3+이온은 Ti3+이온에 대해 탈포를 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. Ti:A12O3 단결정 육성시 90% N2 - 10% H2 혼합기체를 사용하여 환원성 분위기를 조성하는 것이 원자가 변화 및 탈포에 좋은 효과를 나타내었다. 흡수 및 형광방출 스펙트럼 조사 결과 Cr:A12O3 단결정에서 4A2 → 4F2 및 4F1 천이에 의한 흡수와 E→4A2(R1) 및 2A→4A2(R2) 천이에 의한 형광방출 천이를 확인하였다. R1 및 R2 천이의 레이저 주파장은 각각 696±5nm 및 692 ±5nm이고, 각 천이의 형광선폭은 12A, 형광수명은 152 μsec로 측정되었다. Ti:A12O3 단결정에서는 4T2→ 4E의 흡수천이와 4E→4T2의 천이에 의해 650nm-1050nm 범위에서 파장가변이 가능한 형광방출천이가 일어남을 확인하였으며 형광수명은 147μsec, figure of merit는 125.4로 측정되었다. Ti:A12O3 단결정으로부터 제조한 레이저봉을 이용하여 레이저 공진한 결과 레이저 발진효율은 9%로 측정되었다.

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한국 동해 명태 어업의 적정어획노력량 추정 -동해구기선저인망어업과 동해구트롤어업의 경제성분석을 근거로- (Estimation on Optimum Fishing Effort of Walleye Pollock Fishery in the East Coast of Korea : Based on the Economic Analysis between Danish Seine Fishery and Trawl Fishery for Walleye Pollock)

  • 이장욱
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.75-99
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    • 1991
  • A quantitative analysis was carried out to monitor the commercial yield level of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the east coast of Korea, based on available data on catch and fishing effort, catch per unit of effort including fish prices from 1911 to 1988, using a traditional yield model. The results from the quantitative assessment were based to estimate maximum economic yield (MEY) and optimal fishing effort (E-opt) at MEY. On the other hand, interaction aspects between danish seine fishery and trawl fishery mainly targeting walleye pollock in the east coast of Korea were studied to predict optimal situation in fishing effort level from economic point of view which gives the most benefits to the two fisheries. Total production of walleye pollock in 1911 when its catch record was begun for the first time was about 12, 000 metric tons(M/T), and then the catch trend maintained nearly at the level of 50, 000 M/T per annum, showing a decreasing trend until 1930. The highest production from historical data base on walleye pollock fishery statistics was from the years in 1939 and 1940, about 270, 000 M/T and 26, 000 M/T, respectively. No production of the fish species was recorded during the years from 1943 to 1947, and from 1949 to 1951. From 1952 onwards annual production was only available from the southern part of 38$^{\circ}$N in the east coast. During two decades from 1952 to 1970, the production had sustained about less than 30, 000 M/T every year. Annual production showed an increasing trend from 1971, reaching a maximum level of approximately 162, 000 M/T in 1981. Afterwards, it has deceased sharply year after year and amounted to 180, 000 M/T in 1988. The catch composition of walleye pollock for different fishery segments during 1970~1988 showed that more than 70% of the total catch was from danish seine fishery until 1977 but from 1978 onwards, the catch proportion did not differ from one another, accounting for the nearly same proportion. Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for both danish seine fishery and trawl fishery maintained a decline tendency after 1977 when the values of CPUE were at level of 800 kg/haul for the former fishery and 1, 300 kg/haul for the latter fishery, respectively. CPUEs of gillnet fishery during 1980~1983 increased to about 3.5 times as high value as in the years, 1970~1979 and during 1987~1988 it decreased again to the level of the years, 1970~1978. The bottom longline fishery's CPUE wa at a very low level (20 kg/basket) through the whole study years, with exception of the value (60 kg/basket) in 1980. Fishing grounds of walleye pollock in the east coast of Korea showed a very limited distribution range. Danish seine fishery concentrated fishing around the coastal areas of Sokcho and Jumunjin during January~February and October~December. Distributions of fishing grounds of trawl fishery were the areas along the coastal regions in the central part of the east coast. Gillnet and bottom longline fisheries fished walleye pollock mainly in the areas of around Sokcho and Jumunjin during January~February and December. Relationship between CPUEs' values from danish seine fishery and trawl fishery was used to standardize fishing effort to apply to surplus production model for estimating maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and optimum fish effort (F-opt) at MSY. The results suggested a MSY of 114, 000 M/T with an estimated F-opt of 173, 000 hauls per year. Based on the estimates of MSY and F-opt, MEY was estimated to be about 94, 000 M/T with a range of 81, 000 to 103, 000 M/T and E-opt 100, 000 hauls per year with a range of 80, 000 to 120, 000 hauls. The estimated values of MEY and E-opt corresponded to 82% of MSY and 58% of F-opt, respectively. An optimal situation in the fishing effort level, which can envisage either simultaneously maximum yield or maximum benefit for both danish seine fishery and trawl fishery, was determined from relationship between revenue and cost of running the fleet : the optimal fishing effort of danish seine fishery was about 52, 000 hauls per year, corresponding to 50 danish seiners and 27, 000 hauls per year which is equal nearly to 36 trawlers, respectively. It was anticipated that the net income from sustainable yield estimated from the respective optimal fishing effort of the two fisheries will be about 3, 800 million won for danish seine fishery and 1, 000 million won for trawl fishery.

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