• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an efficient document layout analysis algorithm that includes table detection. Typical methods of document layout analysis use the height and gap between words or columns. To correspond to the various styles and sizes of documents, we propose an algorithm that uses the mean value of the distance transform representing thickness and compare with components in the local area. With this algorithm, we combine a table detection algorithm using the same feature as that of the text classifier. Table candidates, separators, and big components are isolated from the image using Connected Component Analysis (CCA) and distance transform. The key idea of text classification is that the characteristics of the text parallel components that have a similar thickness and height. In order to estimate local similarity, we detect a text region using an adaptive searching window size. An improved adaptive run-length smoothing algorithm (ARLSA) was proposed to create the proper boundary of a text zone and non-text zone. Results from experiments on the ICDAR2009 page segmentation competition test set and our dataset demonstrate the superiority of our dataset through f-measure comparison with other algorithms.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.389-390
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• 2008

The dependence of $f_T$ and $f_{max}$ on the unit finger width is measured and analyzed for $0.13{\mu}m$ MOSFETs. The increase of $f_T$ at narrow width is attributed by the parasitic gate-bulk capacitance, and the decrease of $f_T$ at wide width is generated by the reduction of increasing rate of $g_{mo}$. The increase of $f_{max}$ at narrow width is originated from the abrupt reduction of gate resistance due to the non-quasi-static effect. These analysis results will be valuable information for layout optimization to improve $f_T$ and $f_{max}$.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1995

The effects of device geometry and layout on high speed performance such as current gain outoff frequency(f$_{T}$) and maximum oscillation frequency(f$_{max}$) are of very improtant for the scaling-down of geterojunction bipolar transistors(HBT$_{s}$). In this paper AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs are fabricated by MBE epitaxial growth and conventional mesa process, and the experimental data of emitter-base geometru dependency of HBT performance are presented in order to provide the quantitative information for optimum device structure design. It is shown that f$_{T}$ and f$_{max}$ are inversely proportional to the emiter stripe width, while the low emitter perimeter/area ratio is better to f$_{T}$ and worse ot f$_{max}$. It is also demonstrated the f$_{T}$ and f$_{max}$ are highly improved by the emitter-base spacing reduction resulting in less parsitic effects. As the result f$_{T}$ of 42GHz and f$_{max}$ of 23GHz are obtained for fabricated HBT with emitter area of 3${\times}20^{\mu}m^{2}$ and E-B spacing of 0.2$\mu$m.m.m.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The printed circuit board (PCB) can be used only 2 layers of front and back. Therefore, the wiring line segments are located in 2 layers without crossing each other. In this case, the line segment can be appear in both layers and this line segment is to resolve the crossing problem go through the via. The via minimization problem (VMP) has minimum number of via in layout design problem. The VMP is classified by NP-complete because of the polynomial time algorithm to solve the optimal solution has been unknown yet. This paper suggests polynomial time algorithm that can be solve the optimal solution of VMP. This algorithm transforms n-line segments into vertices, and p-crossing into edges of a graph. Then this graph is partitioned into 3-coloring sets of each vertex in each set independent each other. For 3-coloring sets $C_i$, (i=1,2,3), the $C_1$ is assigned to front F, $C_2$ is back B, and $C_3$ is B-F and connected with via. For the various experimental data, though this algorithm can be require O(np) polynomial time, we obtain the optimal solution for all of data.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2005

With the development of cognitive science and environmental psychology, there have been growing researches and discussions on the relationship between the residential design preferences and personality types. MBTI personality types have been earning popular credibility. MBTI means Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. It is based on Carl Jung's theory of psychological type. This study is based on Myers-Briggs theory to explain residential furnishing preference and explores the relationship between the four bi-polar personality types-Extroversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Perceiving and residential furnishing preference. These tests were conducted to two hundred and twelve adult residents who live in Seoul, Korea. These tests were analyzed several significances by Chi-Square with SPSS for windows software. (E) Extroverted residents prefer layouts for interaction with guests. (I) Introverted residents prefer centripetal layout around the bed. (S) Sensing residents prefer practical and functional layouts. (N) Intuitive residents prefer personal and conceiving layouts. (T) Thinking residents prefer for attribute of space. (F) Feeling residents for familiar conversation. (J) Judging residents prefer systematic and complete layouts. (P) Perceiving residents prefer adaptable and flexible layouts. In conclusion, personality types can have a determining role in preference of residential furnishing layouts. This study suggests that residential designers should take into account clients' personality types prefer effective designing and should provide a variety of alternatives reflecting clients' preferences. This will promote clients' pleasantness and satisfaction in dwelling at home.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1547-1550
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• 1987

This paper describes a new design rule checking system, PC-DRC, for CIF mask layout, which was written in C language on IBM PC/AT under DOS 3.0 environment. H/W devices and S/W utilities for PC-DRC is identical to that for PC-LADY[6], which makes PC-DRC an ideal post-processing routine for CIF file generated by PC-LADY. Various spurious errors were eliminated by ORing the input ClF data for each layer and the design rule errors were checked by edge based method on rectilinear polygon form. The detected errors are stored in CIF and displayed on CRT simultaneously.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.275-289
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• 2008

Large eddy simulations have been performed within and over different types of urban building arrays. This paper adopted three dimensionless parameters, building frontal area density (${\lambda}_f$) the variation degree of building height (${\sigma}_h$), and the staggered degree of building range ($r_s$), to study the systematic influence of building spacing, height and layout on wind and turbulent characteristics. The following results have been achieved: (1) As ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.25 to 0.18, the mean flow patterns transfer from "skimming" flow to "wake interference" flow, and as ${\lambda}_f$ decrease from 0.06 to 0.04, the mean flow patterns transfer from "wake interference" flow to "isolated roughness" flow. With increasing ${\lambda}_f$, wind velocity within arrays increases, and the vortexes in front of low buildings would break, even disappear, whereas the vortexes in front of tall buildings would strengthen and expand. Tall buildings have greater disturbance on wind than low buildings do. (2) All the wind velocity profiles and the upstream profile converge at the height of 2.5H approximately. The decay of wind velocity within the building canopy was in positive correlation with ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$. If the height of building arrays is variable, Macdonald's wind velocity model should be modified through introducing ${\sigma}_h$, because wind velocity decreases at the upper layers of the canopy and increases at the lower layers of the canopy. (3) The maximum of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) always locates at 1.2 times as high as the buildings. TKE within the canopy decreases with increasing ${\lambda}_f$ and $r_s$ but the maximum of TKE are very close though ${\sigma}_h$ varies. (4) Wind velocity profile follows the logarithmic law approximately above the building canopy. The Zero-plane displacement $z_d$ heighten with increasing ${\lambda}_f$, whereas the maximum of and Roughness length $z_0$ occurs when ${\lambda}_f$ is about 0.14. $z_d$ and $z_0$ heighten linearly with ${\sigma}_h$ and $r_s$, If ${\sigma}_h$ is large enough, $z_d$ may become higher than the average height of buildings.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 3차원 소자 시뮬레이터인 Sentaurus를 사용하여, spacer 및 selective epitaxial growth (SEG) 구조 등 공정적 요소를 고려한 22 nm 급 FinFET 구조에서 레이아웃에 따른 DC 및 AC 특성을 추출하여 아날로그 성능을 평가하고 개선방법을 제안한다. Fin이 1개인 FinFET에서 spacer 및 SEG 구조를 고려할 경우 구동전류는 증가하지만 아날로그 성능지표인 unity gain frequency는 total gate capacitance가 dominant하게 영향을 주기 때문에 동작 전압 영역에서 약 19.4 % 저하되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 구동전류가 큰 소자인 multi-fin FinFET에서 공정적 요소를 고려하지 않을 경우, 1-finger 구조를 2-finger로 바꾸면 아날로그 성능이 약 10 % 정도 개선되는 것으로 보이나, 공정적 요소를 고려 할 경우 multi-finger 구조의 게이트 연결방식을 최적화 및 gate 구조를 최적화 해야만 이상적인 아날로그 성능을 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2023

In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer's layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.175-204
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• 1999

Today, the hotel industry in a whole are facing serious problems with a number of reasons. To overcome this situation, Customer-Oriented Marketing is considered to be a solution for the hotel F & B management, due to the potential of F & B department. The main purpose of this study was to present the Food and Beverage Marketing Mix Strategies suitable for the market characteristics. To achieve the purpose of this study, theoretical and empirical approaches were used. In review of theoritical background, basic concepts and characteristics of hotel F & B, hotel F & B marketing environment, and hotel F & B marketing mix were studied. Based on the theoritical studies and previous studies, F & B marketing mix sub-components were chosen. In this research, F & B 5P's and 1I marketing mix are discussed, they are Product, Price, Promotion, People, Physical evidence and Image. Through the survey, a number of important segment markets are emerged, which lead to essential segment markets ; business, conference and leisure market. F & B marketing mix strategies as follows. First, for the physical evidence mix, to build up the position as deluxe hotels, it is necessary to matte an investment in technical and decorative components. Second, for the people mix, to assure the service quality, the education and training programs for employee are required. Third, for the image mix, to ensure the image of hotel brand strength, the consideration for public area layout, restaurant and bar ambience, and green policy are required. Fourth, for the product and price mix, to differentiate the F & B, it is necessary to offer thorned and ethnic cuisine, and signature restaurants. Fifth, for the promotion mix, to attract more cumstomers, creative and various promotion activities, and long-term investment in customer-oriented marketing are required. There were some limitations in this study. That is, most of hotels don't operate the concrete and effective F & B marketing, have difficulty in getting data base for F & B customer. Despite their limitations, this study add some values to hotel F & B management in that it introduce the service marketing mix strategies to hotel F & B marketing.