• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

Nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are predominant Fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. NIV is found in most of cereals grown in Korea, but the genetic basis for NIV production by F. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. In this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two NIV-producing F. asiaticum and four DON-producing F. graminearum strains. Chemical analysis revealed that time-course toxin production patterns over 14 days did not differ between NIV and DON strains, excluding F. asiaticum R308, which was a low NIV producer. Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis revealed that the majority of TRI gene transcripts peaked at day 2 in both NIV and DON producers, which is 2 days earlier than trichothecene accumulation in liquid medium. Comparison of the gene expression profiles identified an NIV-specific pattern in two transcription factor-encoding TRI genes (TRI6 and TRI10) and TRI101, which showed two gene expression peaks during both the early and late incubation periods. In addition, the amount of trichothecenes produced by both DON and NIV producers were correlated with the expression levels of TRI genes, regardless of the trichothecene chemotypes. Therefore, the reduced production of NIV by R308 compared to NIV or DON by the other strains may be attributable to the significantly lower expression levels of the TRI genes, which showed early expression patterns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.483-487
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• 2013

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha protein, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, plays an important role in energy homeostasis. The genetic variations within the PPARGC1A gene promoter region were scanned in 808 Chinese native bovines belonging to three cattle breeds and yaks. A total of 6 SNPs and one 4 bp insertion variation in the promoter region of the bovine PPARGC1A gene were identified: SNP -259 T>A, -301_-298insCTTT, -915 A>G, -1175 T>G, -1590 C>T, -1665 C>T and -1690 G>A, which are in the binding sites of some important transcription factors: sex-determining region Y (SRY), myeloid-specific zinc finger-1 (MZF-1) and octamer factor 1(Oct-1). It is expected that these polymorphisms may regulate PPARGC1A gene transcription and might have consequences at a regulatory level.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2002

To evaluate the anti metastatic effect of Antivascular-first(AntiV-F), we investigated cytotoxic effect on B16-F10 and HMCB. gene expression of MMP-9 and nm23-H1, and survival. After treating with AntiV-F, AntlV-F promoted cytotoxic effect on B16-F10 and HMCB as its density, compared with Control. AntiV-F inhibited gene expression of MMP-9 in the L+14 and HMCB cell line compared with Control. On the other hand AntiV-F increases gene expression of nm23-H1 and survival about 30% compared with Control. These results suggest that AntiV-F has effects on anti-metastasis can be used for treatment of cancer patients and preventing recurrence.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1998

The dnrF gene, responsible for conversion of aklavinone to $\varepsilon$-rhodomycinone via C-11 hydroxylation, was mapped in the daunorubicin gene cluster of Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius ATCC 27952, close to drrAB, one of the anthracycline resistance genes. To characterize the enzymatic properties of the aklavinone 11-hydroxylase, the dnrF gene was overexpressed in Escherchia coli. The pET-22(+) plasmid which has the T7 promoter under the control of lacUV5 gene was used for the overexpression of the dnrF gene, and the recombinant plasmid pET213 that contains the dnrF gene linked to the T7 promoter of pET-22b(+) was introduced into the E. coli BL2l. When the expression of the dnrF gene was induced by IPTG at the final concentration of 1 mM, the induced protein could be detected in SDS-PAGE only in insoluble precipitate. The insoluble protein was electroeluted from the gel and used for the preparation of antiserum in mice. Various culture conditions were tested to maximize the expression of the aklavinone 11-hydroxylase in soluble form. The enzymatic activity was checked by the bioconversion experiment, and the protein was confirmed by the SDS-PAGE and the Western blot analysis. From the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the culture induced with IPTG at the final concentration of 0.02 mM at 37$^{\circ}C$ yielded the best productivity of active form of enzyme.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

The gene analysis of resistance in rice cultivars, Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo to strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was studied. F$_1$ plants and F$_2$ populations from the crosses between six cultivars and near isogenic lines carrying the single bacterial blight(BB) resistance gene were analyzed using Korean and Japanese BB races. Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo are alleic with IRBB101 but are non-alleic with IRBB104 and IRBB105. The allelic tests indicated that Daeanbyeo, Hwasunchalbyeo, Daejinbyeo, Naepungbyeo, Hwajinbyeo and Surabyeo have the Xal gene for resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 1983

Genetic polymorphism of transferrin $(T_f)$ subtypes in Jeju population was studied by isoelectric focusing of human sera on polyacrylamide gels under high voltage, and haptolobin (Hp) polymorphism in Seoul and Jeju population was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among 946 normal samples, three common types of transferrin, $T_{f}C_{1}, T_{f}C_{1}-C_{2} and T_{f}C_{2}$ were observed with some variants migrating slower than $T_{f}C$ subtypes, while among 139 patient (hepatitis) samples, only three common types were found. The gene frequencies were calculated as follows; in normal population, $T_{f}C^{1}$ was 0.7220; $T_{f}C^{2}, 0.2743; T_{f}D^{Jeju}, 0.0037$, and in patient population, $T_{f}C^{1} was 0.7194; T_{f}C^{2}, 0.2806$ respectively. Among 460 samples in Seoul and 502 in Jeju population, three types of haptoglobin, Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1 and Hp 2-2 were observed. The gene frequency of $Hp^1$ was 0.304, $Hp^2$, 0.696 in Seoul and in Jeju, $Hp^1$ was 0.269 and $Hp^2$, 0.731, respectively. The frequencies of the genes and the polymorphic phenotypes were discussed comparatively with the other populations.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1999

CHEF-PFGE(Contour-Clarnped Homogeneous Electric field- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis) was used to identify electrophoretic karyotype for eight strains belonging to the Fzisoriuni section Liseolo. Chromosome numbers were nine to thirteen bands, ranging in size Cram 0.75 to 6.45 Mb. The total genome size was eslimated to range from 38.19 Mb to 43.12 Mb and numerous chromosome-length polymorphisms (CLPs) were observed. For the chromosome localizalion of the gene, 1GS sequence(2.6 Kb) of rDNA from F: moniliforme, chs-2 gene(2.8 Kb) and 4 - 3 gene(3.8 Kb) from Neuuospora cmssa were wed as probes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

We have developed an efficient and precise method for genome manipulations in Bacillus subtilis that allows rapid alteration of a gene sequence or multiple gene sequences without altering the chromosome in any other way. In our approach, the Escherichia coli toxin gene mazF, which was used as a counter-selectable marker, was placed under the control of a xylose-inducible expression system and associated with an antibiotic resistance gene to create a "mazF-cassette". A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated fragment, consisting of two homology regions joined to the mazF-cassette, was integrated into the chromosome at the target locus by homologous recombination, using positive selection for antibiotic resistance. Then, the excision of the mazF-cassette from the chromosome by a single-crossover event between two short directly repeated (DR) sequences, included in the design of the PCR products, was achieved by counter-selection of mazF. We used this method efficiently and precisely to deliver a point mutation, to inactivate a specific gene, to delete a large genomic region, and to generate the in-frame deletion with minimal polar effects in the same background.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2006

Thirty five Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains were isolated from diarrheic patients and pigs in Gyeongbuk area from 2003 to 2004. All 35 strains (17 strains from diarrheic patients and 18 from pigs) were resistant to more than one drug and most of strains isolated from pigs were resistant to ampicillin, ohloram-phenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime, tetracyclin and nalidixic acid. Each isolate was also screened or the presence of class I, II and III integron gene cassettes. Among 35 strains,3 out of 17 strains isolated from diarrheic patients, carried dhfrX-orfF-aadA2 integron gene cassette and among 18 strains isolated from diseased pigs, 11 strains carried dhfrX-orfF-aadA2 integron gene cassette and 1 strain carried aadA2 integron only. But any class II and class II integron gene cassette were not detected in 35 strains. Thirty five strains were divided by five pulsotypes. Thirty one strains out of thirty five were pulsotype A. Among the remaining 4 strains, one each strain belonged to pulsotype B, C, D and pulsotype E. This data of pulsotypes showed that the widespread of pulsotype A, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in human and pigs in Gyeongbuk area may have been caused by the dissemination of a few epidemic strains in this area. Thirteen strains contain dhfrX-orfF-aadA2 integron gene cassette showed pulsotype A and one strain contains dhfrX-orfF-aadA2 integron gene cassette showed pulsotype B. One strain contains aadA2 integron showed pulsotype E. But fifteen strains do not contain any integron showed pulsotype A.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.451-453
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• 2002

A new concept of "photo" -antisense method has been evaluated, where the inhibition of gene expression by the conventional antisense method is enhanced by photochemical binding between antisense oligonucleotides conjugated with photo-reactive compound and target mRNA or DNA. Fluorescein labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides (F-DNA) was delivered to cell nuclei in the encapsulated form in multilamellar lecithin liposomes with neutral charge. F-DNA was previously shown to photo-bind to the complementary stranded DNA, and the delivery system using neutral liposome to be effective in normal human keratinocytes. In the present study, we used human kidney cancer G401.2/6TG.1 cell line to be advantageous in reproducible experiments. p53 was adopted as a target gene since antisense sequence information has been accumulated. The nuclear localization ofF-DNA was identified by comparing the fluorescence ofF-DNA with that of Hoechst 33258 under fluorescence microscope. After 7hr incubation to accumulate p53 protein induced by UV -B, p53 protein was quantified by Western blot. After 2hrs from F-DNA application, about 30% of cell population incorporated F-DNA in their nuclei with some morphological change possibly due to liposomal toxicity. Irradiation of visible light longer than 400nm from solar simulator at this time enhanced the inhibitory action of antisense F-DNA. The present results suggest that photo-antisense method is promising to control gene expression in time and space dependent manner. Further improvement of F-DNA delivery to cancer cells in the stability and toxicity is in progress. progress.