• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.407-417
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• 2021

In order to investigate frequency of fungal contamination in ginseng sprout, we collected 18 types of retail ginseng sprouts and analyzed them. Overall frequency of fungal contamination ranged from 113.3 to 174.1% with the highest occurrence of Penicillium spp. Fungal detection rate was significantly higher in moss than in stem, leaf and root of ginseng sprout. Penicillium spp. occurred in leaf and stem with the highest incidence and Fusarium spp., in root. Among Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., P. olsonii and F. oxysporum were dominant, respectively. Nine Fusarium species, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus flavus, and 11 Penicillium species were identified by phylogenetic analysis. PCR screening of mycotoxigenic potential revealed that 19 out of 25 isolates tested were positive for respective mycotoxin biosynthetic gene. Two 2 A. flavus and 11 A. westerdijkiae isolates produced varying amount of aflatoxin or ochratoxin A in czapek yeast extract brothsome of which showed high levels of mycotoxin production. These results suggests a need for continuous monitoring and management program to control fungal contamination in the ginseng sprout production chain.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2010

'Jopung' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from an original cross between the $F_1$ hybrid of 'Early80' and 'PA202-210-S' and 'Walken' in 1999. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO99006-B-YB-29-Y1', was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri65'. The line 'Gwiri65' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009 and finally named as 'Jopung'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Jopung' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $17.3MT\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $13.6MT\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Swan'. The silage quality of 'Jopung' was superior to the check cultivar 'Swan' in crude protein content, and was similar to the check cultivar in percent total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cultivar 'Jopung' is suitable primarily for winter planting in the southern regions of Korean peninsula.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.823-832
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• 2020

The analgesic effects of music in people with glasses on perceived pain through cold-pressor task (CPT) is assessed based on three-sequence, three-period, crossover trial with three treatment conditions(music-listening, news-listening, and no-sound) to each subject. Fifty subjects are divided into three sequence groups by randomization, and CPTs under the pre-assigned treatment conditions at each period are performed. Pain responses after each CPT, subjects' pain tolerance (PT) in time scale and pain intensity (PI) and pain unpleasantness (PU) in visual analog scale (VAS) are measured. After classifying the group by whether or not to wear glasses, which is the phenotype of the myopia gene, pain responses are compared by F-tests and Tukey's multiple comparisons. CPT pain responses in group with glasses during the music intervention are significantly different from responses during the news intervention and the control conditions, respectively. This study investigates the pain responses of music intervention in the group wearing glasses, which can be seen as a phenotype of the nearsighted gene, and this result would play a role in explaining the biopsychosocial model of the pain mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.457-467
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• 2020

This study was conducted to for the development of nursing education programs suitable for the period by identifying the unmet needs of kidney transplant surgery patients who need continuous self-care according to the elapsed period. The subjects of the study consisted of 84 inpatients and outpatients for up to 1 year after kidney transplant surgery. The data collection period was from February 17 to May 31, 2020, and the collected data were analyzed by Chi-square, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post-test by Scheffé using the IBM SPSS 21.0 program. As a measurement tool, the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in Cancer(CNAT), a tool to assess unmet needs of cancer patients, was modified and supplemented to receive expert validity, and then self-report through a questionnaire consisting of a total of 57 questions. As a result of the study, the average of the total score out of 171points for the unmet needs of kidney transplant patients was 68.28(±38.88), and information and education accounted for the highest score of 17.92(±8.36) out of the eight sub-areas. The unmet needs according to the elapsed period were significantly higher in the 6 months ~1 year group(F=7.57, p=.001) compared to the 3-6 months group. Based on this, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program that can provide appropriate information and support at a time when the unmet needs of patients up to increase from 6 months to one year after kidney transplantation increase.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the degree of job stress related to COVID-19, emotional labor, empowerment, and retention intention of nurses in hospitals dedicated to infectious diseases, and confirmed the effect of job stress related to COVID-19, emotional labor, and empowerment on retention intention. The data collection of this study was conducted from August 27, 2021 to September 17, 2021 through a structured questionnaire targeting 162 nurses at an infectious disease hospital in S city. The data were analyzed analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and multiple linear regression using SPSS/WIN 25.0. As a result of analyzing differences according to general characteristics, retention intention showed a significant difference according to work department and work satisfaction. And as a result of analyzing the correlation between retention intention and COVID-19 related job stress, emotional labor, and empowerment, it showed a significant negative correlation (r=-0.215, p=0.006) with job stress related to COVID-19 and a significant positive correlation (r=0.343, p<0.001) with empowerment. As a result of multiple linear regression analysis, job satisfaction, job stress related to COVID-19, and empowerment were identified as significant variables affecting retention intention (F=23.751, p<0.001), and the explanatory power was 30.0%. Through the above results, we intend to provide basic data for strategic development for efficient nursing manpower management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

In the field of defense, one-shot devices such as missiles are stored for a long period of time after they are manufactured, so it is essential to predict their storage life. A study was conducted to find the shelf life of a Li-ion battery used in one-shot devices. To do this, a Li-ion battery that has been used in weapon systems for more than 5 years was secured. A non-functional test was performed on the battery to check for external changes or failures. After the non-functional test, a discharge test was performed to measure the performance after storing it. Through the test, the performance was checked, including the initial charging voltage, discharge time, and battery temperature, and the trend of the change was identified. An F-test, One-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed to verify the aging, and the shelf life of the battery was estimated by an approximation formula that was derived through a regression analysis. As a result of the ANOVA, the p-value was less than the reference value of 0.05, and the performance of the battery decreased by more than 15% after a certain period of time. This change is assumed to result from the change in physical properties of the lithium polymer cell.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

There is a need to breed and distribute of domestic varieties for Lilium longiflorum because most of the lily bulbs cultivated in Korea were imported from foreign country. The L. longiflorum 'Ace' and 'Nellie White' collected from 1996 had been self-crossed from 1996 to 2010. In 2012, the L. longiflorum 'Bright LoSong' was developed as a F₁ hybrid crossed between 'L₂-17-4' and 'L₂-16-6' that obtained by 7th self-fertilization. The 'Bright LoSong' was tested for homogeneity, regional adaptability test, consumer preference show from 2014 to 2015, and it was registered in 2017. The flower of 'Bright LoSong' is a trumpet shaped single flower with no spots.It has 5.8 flowers per plant, which is a relatively many number compared control 'Mount Carmel', Its flower diamater is 9.8cm, relatively a bit small size. And the flower inflorescence has umbel or raceme while the attitude of longitudinal axis is horizontal. The plant height is 38.4cm with 30.8 leaves per plant and 1.9cm of the leaf width. 'Bright LoSong' has a longer flowering period because of relatively small diameter or many number of flowers than those of the control 'Mount Carmel'. Thus, the 'Bright LoSong' showed a high consumer preference, and the cultivar has the advantage of being able to reproduce since the parents are pure lines.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.315-322
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• 2020

This study was carried out to provide basic data for prevention of burnout by measuring levels of self-efficacy, social support and burnout that nursing students experienced during clinical practice and identifying factors influencing burnout. This is a descriptive research targeting 173 junior- and senior-year nursing students in Y area, and data were collected from October 15^th to November 4^th 2019. For data analysis, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and t-test and ANOVA were conducted along with the Scheffé test as a post-test. In addition, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were employed. The study results are as follows. There were significant differences in self-efficacy, social support and burnout depending on grades(t= -2.20, p=.029) and major satisfaction(F=3.62, p=.029) among general characteristics of nursing students. When analyzing correlations among self-efficacy, social support and burnout of nursing students, there was a positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support(r=.214, p=.005), a negative correlation between burnout and self-efficacy(r=-.253, p<.001) and a negative correlation between burnout and social support(r=-.175, p=.021). Major satisfaction(β= -.21, p=.006) had the biggest influence on burnout, and it was followed by self-efficacy(β= -.16, p=.032) and social support(β= -.15, p=.047). The explanatory power of the model was 13.8 percent. In conclusion, it is required to improve university life satisfaction and clinical practice satisfaction and develop programs, which enhance social support and self-efficacy, for preventing burnout of nursing students during clinical practice.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2022

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, infests the hot pepper cultivated in greenhouses and has been considered to be controlled by a natural enemy, Orius laevigatus. However, sporadic outbreaks of the thrips due to fast population growth occasionally need chemical insecticide treatments. This study was designed to develop an optimal integrated pest management (IPM) by using selective insecticides along with a safe re-introduction technique of the natural enemy after the chemical insecticide treatment. First, chemical insecticides were screened to select the high toxic commercial products against F. occidentalis. Five insecticides containing active components (pyriproxyfen+spinetoram, abamectin, spinosad, acetamiprid, and chlorpyrifos) were selected among 17 commercial products. These five selected insecticides gave different toxic properties to the natural enemy, O. laevigatus. Especially, abamectin and spinetoram gave relatively low toxicity to the natural enemy compared to organophosphate or neonicotinoid. Furthermore, the five selected insecticides were assessed in their residual toxicities against O. laevigatus. Organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides showed relatively longer residual toxicity compared to abamectin and spinosads. Indeed, abamectin or spinetoram did not give any significant toxicity to O. laevigatus after 3 days post-treatment. These residual effects were further supported by the assessment of the chemical residue analysis of the insecticides using LC-MS/MS. These results suggest an IPM technology: (1) chemical treatment of abamectin or spinetoram against sporadic outbreaks of F. occidentalis infesting hot pepper and (2) re-introduction of O. laevigatus to the crops after 3 days post-treatment to depress the equilibrium density below an economic injury level.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

This research assessed the feasibility of using high-resolution aerial images and deep learning algorithms for estimating the land-use and land-cover areas at the Approach 3 level, as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The results from different sampling densities of high-resolution (51 cm) aerial images were compared with the land-cover map, provided by the Ministry of Environment, and analyzed to estimate the accuracy of the land-use and land-cover areas. Transfer learning was applied to the VGG16 architecture for the deep learning model, and sampling densities of 4 × 4 km, 2 × 4 km, 2 × 2 km, 1 × 2 km, 1 × 1 km, 500 × 500 m, and 250 × 250 m were used for estimating and evaluating the areas. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the deep learning model were 91.1% and 88.8%, respectively. The F-scores, except for the pasture category, were >90% for all categories, indicating superior accuracy of the model. Chi-square tests of the sampling densities showed no significant difference in the area ratios of the land-cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment among all sampling densities except for 4 × 4 km at a significance level of p = 0.1. As the sampling density increased, the standard error and relative efficiency decreased. The relative standard error decreased to ≤15% for all land-cover categories at 1 × 1 km sampling density. These results indicated that a sampling density more detailed than 1 x 1 km is appropriate for estimating land-cover area at the local level.