• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

Objective: Recently the demands for the effective and safe depigmentative and anti-aging agents of the skin have increased due to the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MKG(Methanol Extract of Kaempferia galanga) and their dermal bioactivity properties related to cosmeceuticals such as depigmentation. Methods: We assessed inhibitory effects of MKG on melanin production in B16/F10 melanoma cells, on mushroom tyrosinase activity, effects of MKG on the expression tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, GSK-$3{\beta}$, CREB, MITF in B16/F10 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity range. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and tyrosinase activity was assessed using by DOPA staining, western-blot analysis. We measured inhibition of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by down-regulation of melanogenic enzyme expressions in ${\alpha}$-MSH induced melanogenesis B16/F10 melanoma cells. Results: MKG inhibited tyrosinase-activity, total melanin contents and dendrite out-growth. MKG inhibited melanogenesis by down-regulation of tyorsinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, CREB, and MITF in B16/F10 cells. The treatment with MKG at the 12.5, $25{\mu}g/ml$ level significantly inhibited the melanin synthesis induced ${\alpha}$-MSH in B16/F10 melanoma cells compared with untreated control. Conclusion: These results suggest that MKG inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyper-pigmentation. So MKG is considered to be used as a whitening components reducing cytotoxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.765-771
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the anti cancer effect of Batryticatus Bombycis extract(BBE) in B16F10 cells. The cell viability after BBE treatment was quantified by MTT assay. The results showed that BBE inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 cells and caused a 80% inhibition of B16F10 cells at concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. B16F10 cells exposed to BBE displayed the DNA fragmentation ladder and nucleus chromatin condensation characteristic for apoptosis. The enzyme activity of caspase-3 and actived caspase-3 protein was markedly increased in B16F10 cells treated with the BBE. The expression of Bcl-2, anti-apoptotic protein, was decreased by treatment of the BBE in a dose-dependent manner. And the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was increased. In conclusion, we can suggest that BBE induce the apoptotic death of B16F10 cells via activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP protein and Bcl-2 degradation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1980

The incidence of the empyema thoracis has been drastically reduced with the advent of antimicrobial drugs. Empyema thoracis is however still dealt with one of major problems in thoracic surgery because of difficulties in the management of associated bronchopleural fistula. During the period of January 1975 to June 1979, 145 patients of empyema thoracis were treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Busan National University Hospital. This reports dealed especially with the incidence, etiology and management of chronic empyema thoracis with B.P.F. and estimated the results of intercostal myoplasty. The results: 1 ] Among 145 empyema thoracis patients, 33 patients [22.7%] had bronchopleural fistula. 2] Male predominated in general with the ratio of 4:1 and in empyema thoracis with B.P.F. male predominance was further more prominent with the ratio of 10:1. Peak incidence of chronic empyema thoracis lay on 3rd and 4th decade. 3] The most common causation of empyema thoracis was pneumonia [77.3%] in children and tuberculosis [48.8%] in adult. 4] The most common causative organism of empyema thoracis was staphylococcus aureus [52.5%]. 5] Among 40 cases of resection for pulmonary tuberculosis, 4 cases developed empyema thoracis with B.P.F. [10%], and resection for another underlying pathology was 2.1%. 6] In contrast to good prognosis of acute empyema thoracis, chronic empyema thoracis with B.P.F. was improved only 66.6% of cases. 81.5% of chronic empyema without B.P.F. were cured completely. 7] Intercostal myoplasty were performed in 21 cases of empyema thoracis with B.P.F. and of which 15 cases showed that fistula were closed. 8] The over all mortality rate in empyema thoracis was 8.7%. The mortality rate of chronic empyema thoracis with and without B.P.F. was 15.2% and 5.3% respectively.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 약콩(Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc.) 분획 추출물의 미백효능을 관찰하기 위해 B16F10 멜라노마 세포에서 TRP-1 (tyrosinase related protein-1), TRP-2 (tyrosinase related protein-2), 티로시나제 발현을 평가하였다. 그 결과 약콩 분획 추출물 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 2.0 mg/mL 농도에서 82% 이상의 높은 세포생존율을 나타내었다. ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$)을 처리한 B16F10 멜라노마 세포에 약콩의 EtOAc 분획 추출물을 처리한 결과 티로시나제 발현이 감소되었으며 TRP-1, TRP-2 단백질 발현이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 약콩 분획 추출물이 멜라닌생합성과 관련되는 단백질의 발현을 감소시켜 피부 미백효능을 나타내는 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2003

Bee venom is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of arthritis. The anti-inflammatory activity of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous partitions from bee venom (Apis mellifera) was studied using cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production, in vitro. COX-2 is involved in the production of prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process. The aqueous partition of bee venom showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on COX-2 activity ($IC_{50} = 13.1 \mu$ g/mL), but did not inhibit COX-1 activity. The aqueous partition was subfractionated into three parts by molecular weight differences, namely, B-F1 (above 20 KDa), B-F2 (between 10 KDa and 20 KDa) and BF-3 (below 10 KDa). B-F2 and B-F3 strongly inhibited COX-2 activity and COX-2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, without revealing cytotoxic effects. TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and are early indicators of the inflammatory process. We also investigated the effects of three subfractions on TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$ production using ELISA method. All three subfractions, B-F1, B-F2 and B-F3, inhibited TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$production. These results suggest the pharmacological activities of bee venom on anti-inflammatory process include the inhibition of COX-2 expression and the blocking of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha and IL-1\beta$) production.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2007

여러 가지 세척제(A; 수돗물, B; 옥수, C; 0.2% chitosan-ascorbate(CA), D; 0.03 ppm 오존수, E; 1.5% 식초를 함유하는 옥수, F; 1.5%식초와 CA를 함유하는 옥수)로 세척한 넙치회와 우럭회를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(DS) 및 $-20^{\circ}C$서 7일간 동결한 후 $10^{\circ}C$에서 저장(TS)하면서 저장성을 조사하였다. DS는 TS에 비하여 pH와 산도의 변화가 적었다. 저장 3일째 DS 넙치회의 경우, 대조구(A)의 총균수(log cfu/g)는 6.7로 당일 5.8에 비하여 약 1 log cycle이 증가하였으나 B는 5.50, C는 3.23, D는 4.90, E는 2.40, F는 1.77로 처리직후에 비하여 감소하거나 유지하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 감균효과는 DS와 TS 모두 F > E > D > C > B > A 순이었고 우럭회에서는 F > E > C > D > B > A 순이었다. 텍스쳐는 넙치회와 우럭회 다 같이 전반적으로 TS가 DS보다 경도와 씹힘성이 좋았다. TS에서 C가 텍스쳐에 미치는 효과는 넙치에서는 크지 않았으나 우럭에서는 비교적 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. DS의 경우, 외관은 B, C 및 D가 A보다 양호하였으며 신선한 정도도 외관과 대체적으로 유사하였다. 비린내는 A > B > F > E > D > C의 순으로 낮았다. 종합적 기호도는 넙치회와 우럭회 모두 C에서 높은 경향을 보였다. TS의 경우, 외관은 넙치회에서는 B가, 우럭회에서는 C가 양호하였다. 신선한 정도는 넙치회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순, 우럭회에서는 D > C > B > A > E > F순이었다. 비린내는 넙치회 우럭회 모두 D에서 가장 낮았으며, 종합적 기호도도 모두 D에서 가장 양호하였다.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2000년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.X
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• pp.61-64
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• 2000

$^{11}$B NMR measurements have been performed to investigate local electronic structure and 4f spin dynamics for TbNi$_2$B$_2$C single crystal. $^{11}$B NMR spectra show three resonance peaks due to the quadrupolar interaction. Shift and linewidth are huge and strongly temperature-dependent. In addition, both are proportional to magnetic susceptibility, indicating that the hyperfine field at the boron site originates from the 4f spins of Tb. $^{11}$B NMR shift and relaxation rates show high anisotropy for field parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. Anisotropy of the shift and the relaxation rates suggests that the hyperfine field perpendicular to the c-axis is larger.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1046-1054
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• 2001

적층일체형 RF 수동소자 모듈 구현을 위한 저온소결 유전체로의 사용을 위해 B$_2$O$_3$ 및 CuO의 첨가가 PbWO$_4$-TiO$_2$계 세라믹의 고주파 유전특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구자는 PbWO$_4$가 8$50^{\circ}C$에서 소결이 가능하고 우수한 유전특성($\varepsilon$$_{r}$=21.5, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=37200 GHz, $ au$$_{f}$ =-31 ppm/$^{\circ}C$)을 보여 LTCC 재료로의 응용가능성이 있다고 판단하였다. 이에 PbWO$_4$의 $\tau$$_{f}$ 조절을 위해 TiO$_2$를 첨가하여 8$50^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 결과 TiO$_2$의 함량이 8.7 mol%일 때 $\tau$$_{f}$ 를 +0.2ppm/$^{\circ}C$로 조절할 수 있었고, 이때 $\varepsilon$$_{r}$ 및 Q$\times$f$_{0}$ 값은 각각 22.3과 21400GHz이었다. TiO$_2$첨가량 증가에 따른 Q$\times$F$_{0}$ 값의 감소는 결정립 크기 감소에 의한 것이었다. Q$\times$f$_{0}$ 값의 개선을 위해 다양한 량의 CuO 및 B$_2$O$_3$를 첨가한 결과, 최적의 유전특성을 얻기 위해서는 적정량의 첨가량이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. CuO 첨가의 경우 유전특성 개선을 위한 최적의 첨가량은 0.05 wt%이었고 이 조성을 8$50^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 결과, 얻어진 유전특성은 $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=23.5, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=32900 GHz, $\tau$$_{f}$ =-2.2 ppm/$^{\circ}C$이었다. B$_2$O$_3$첨가의 경우 최적의 첨가량은 1.0~2.5 wt%이었으며 8$50^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 경우 얻어진 유전특성은 $\varepsilon$$_{r}$20.3~22.1, Q$\times$f$_{0}$=48700~54700 GHz, $\tau$$_{f}$ =+2.4~+8.2ppm/$^{\circ}C$이었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.419-431
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• 2021

In this paper we discuss the classical problem of finding conditions on the entire coefficients A(z) and B(z) guaranteeing that all nontrivial solutions of f" + A(z)f' + B(z)f = 0 are of infinite order. We assume A(z) is an entire function of completely regular growth and B(z) satisfies three different conditions, then we obtain three results respectively. The three conditions are (1) B(z) has a dynamical property with a multiply connected Fatou component, (2) B(z) satisfies T(r, B) ~ log M(r, B) outside a set of finite logarithmic measure, (3) B(z) is extremal for Denjoy's conjecture.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find how English vowels /a, e, i, o, u/ affect the production of English labials /p, b, f, v/ by Korean learners of English. Sixty syllables were composed by five vowels and four labials in the syllable types CV, VC, and VCV. The nonsense syllables were produced three times by nine subjects. The major results show that (1) in inter-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ composed with /a, e, o/ and /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /p/ with /i/ and /o/, (2) in post-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ and /f/ with /a, e/, and /o/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/ and /i/, and (3) in pre-vocalic position, the subjects had higher scores in producing /v/ with /e, o, u/ and /f/ with /u/, while subjects had lower scores in producing /b/ with /e/, /i/ and /u/. The results suggest that on the whole, Korean learners of English have much difficulty in producing /p/ with /i/ in inter-vocalic condition and /b/ with /i, /e/ in pre-vocalic position.