• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

Objective: We compare the effects of three different approved sources of supplemental zilpaterol on growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Methods: Twenty four Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($46.75{\pm}2.43kg$) were used in a 33-day feeding trial. Lambs were fed a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet. Treatments consisted of the non-supplemental basal diet (Control) versus the basal diet supplemented with 125 mg zilpaterol/kg of diet (as fed basis) from three commercial sources marketed in Mexico: Zilmax (ZIL), Grofactor, and Zipamix. Results: Compared to controls, zilpaterol (ZH) supplementation did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but increased carcass adjusted daily weight gain (ADG, 36.7%), gain efficiency (34.2%), and dietary net energy (26.0%), and decreased (23.4%) the ratio of observed:expected DMI. Compared to controls, supplemental ZH increased hot carcass weight (6.4%), dressing percentage (3.2%), m. longissimus thoracis (LM) area (15.6%), and shoulder muscle:fat ratio (28.7%), but decreased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, and fat thickness. Supplemental ZH increased 10.9% and 14.3% whole cut weight of loin and leg, respectively, and the proportion (as percentage of cold carcass weight) of leg (4.3%). These increases were reflected in greater forequarter and hindquarter weights. Lambs fed ZH increased (4.6%) empty body weight (EBW) and reduced (14.7%) liver/spleen weight (as g/kg EBW). Likewise, ZH supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to lower (8.9%) visceral fat. Growth performance, energetic efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area and whole cuts were not different across supplemental ZH sources. However, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreased carcass fat distribution, including fat thickness, percentage kidney pelvic and heart fat, shoulder fat, and visceral fat. Conclusion: Supplemental ZH increases ADG, gain efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, and LM area. The magnitude of these responses was similar among ZH sources. Nevertheless, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreases carcass fat. The basis for this is uncertain, but indicative that some practical differences in zilpaterol bio-equivalency may exist across commercial sources tested.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

Purpose : In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing students' adjustment to college life by focusing on their empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience. Methods : We applied a descriptive survey research design, which included a self-report questionnaire. The participants comprised 307 nursing students in B city. The data were analyzed by calculating the percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression using SPSS 23.0. Results : The participants' empathic ability score was 3.30±.42, perceived stress score 1.85±.49, resilience score 3.44±.64, and adjustment to college life score 3.25±.52. Adjustment to college life was positively correlated with resilience (r=.43, p<.001) but negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=.27, p<.001). Factors affecting adjustment to college life include, among general characteristics in Model 1, in descending order, major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.54, p<.001), interpersonal conflict: never (β=.26, p=.018), health status: healthy (β=.25, p=.002), character: positive (β=.21, p=.006), character: optimistic (β=.19, p=.015), parents' economic power: high (β=.15, p=.047), and gender: male (β=.11, p=.016). Model 1 was statistically significant (F=11.67, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 41 %. In Model 2, empathic ability, perceived stress, and resilience were added as independent variables. When including the dependent variables, the factors that most influenced adjustment to college life were perceived stress (β=-.37, p<.001), major satisfaction-satisfied (β=.36, p<.001), health status-healthy (β=.25, p<.001), gender-male (β=.10, p=.015), and resilience (β=.10, p=.029). Model 2 was statistically significant (F=17.65, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 56 %. Conclusion : We found that gender, major satisfaction, health status, perceived stress, and resilience affected adjustment to college life among nursing students who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. To increase their ability to adjust to college life, a gender-specific intervention program should be developed that can improve the students' health status, major satisfaction and resilience, and reduce their perceived stress.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1650-1655
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• 2003

Crossbred gilts (n=54) of about $26.38{\pm}0.85kg$ body weight and 25 weeks of age were randomly divided into 18 groups of 3 animals each. Three dietary treatments viz., $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were formulated. The treatment $T_1$ containing maize grain (35%) and wheat bran (47%) along with soybean meal and fish meals served as control diet. Rice bran (RB) was selected as a single source of fat (13.02%) and fibre (17.12%), which was gradually increased in diets $T_2$ (41%) and $T_3$ (82%) replacing maize grain and wheat bran of $T_1$ at 50% and 100% in the diets $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. The fat and fibre levels of the diets were thus 3.46 and 5.24, 9.31and 9.69 and 11.61and 13.26% in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively. All the diets, however, contained almost similar concentration of CP (18.35${\pm}0.29%$). Each dietary treatment was offered to six replicated groups of 3 piglets in following completely randomized design and feeding was continued for 112 days during the growing phase. Growth, feed utilization, reproductive performance, nutrient utilization and different blood biochemical parameters were studied. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion were lower (p<0.01) in $T_3$ in comparison to $T_1$ or $T_2$. Digestibility of all the nutrients except EE was reduced significantly (p<0.01) in $T_3$. Serum glucose level decreased (p<0.01), whereas the urea and cholesterol concentration in the blood increased (p<0.01) in $T_3$. The duration of estrus of pigs fed diet containing 82% RB ($T_3$) was highly variable within the group, but all the groups showed statistically similar duration of estrous. Feed cost per unit gain was found to be comparable between control ($T_1$) and $T_2$ group. The results indicated that RB can be included up to 41% in swine diets replacing 50% of maize and wheat bran. Higher concentrations of ether extract and fibre beyond 9.31 and 9.69% in diet had detrimental effect on growth, nutrient utilization and reproductive performance.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the exposure levels of forklift operators to diesel engine exhaust(DEE) using black carbon(BC), elemental carbon(EC), and nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) as indicators. Methods: A total of eight forklift operators in six collection companies were assessed over a period of two months from July to September 2015. BC was measured using a real-time monitor and respirable EC samples were analyzed using the NIOSH method 5040. $NO_2$ samples were collected using a passive badge-type sampler. Results: The geometric mean of BC, EC and $NO_2$ were $3.1-19.1{\mu}g/m^3$, $2.1-23.8{\mu}g/m^3$, and 12.5-166.6 ppb at all companies. When forklifts were operating both outside and inside, BC concentrations increased 2.0-5.6 times. The highest increase was observed when forklifts were operating indoors. The increase in BC concentrations varied by company(company A: 2.0 times, B: 3.2 times, C: 5.6 times, D: 2.1 times, E: 5.1 times, F: 2.6 times). The geometric mean of BC, EC, and $NO_2$ for the forklift operators was $9.6{\mu}g/m^3$, $7.9{\mu}g/m^3$, and 48.9 ppb, respectively. The geometric mean of BC, EC, and $NO_2$ for manufacturing workers was $9.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $0.9{\mu}g/m^3$, and 85.2 ppb, respectively. The mean BC and EC exposure levels for the forklift operators were slightly higher than those for manufacturing workers, but $NO_2$ levels for manufacturing workers were higher than those for the forklift operators(p>0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that diesel exhaust emissions standard, forklift weight and forklift manufacturer were the most influential factors in determining worker exposure. Conclusions: In the DEE work environment, workers who perform tasks within the workplace as well as inside forklifts as operators are likely to be exposed to a lack of ventilation. Further study of forklift operators' exposure to DEE indicators should be conducted to include a wider range of occupational and environmental situations, such as collection procedures, seasonal situations, types of fuel used, and number of forklifts.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

새조개의 효율적인 종묘생산을 위한 생물학적 기초자료를 얻고자 난발생 및 유생사육에 미치는 환경요인으로서 수온의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 실험에 사용된 수정란은 산란유도하여 6개의 수온별 실험구 (14, 17, 20, 23, 26 및 $29^{\circ}C$)에 수용하여 발생과정을 관찰하였다. 유생사육의 각 단계에 이르기까지의 수온 (T, $^{\circ}C$) 에 따른 발생속도 (1/h, 시간) 는 수온이 높을수록 빨랐으며 그 관계식은 다음과 같다. 4-cell : 1/h = 0.0067T-0.0879 ($r^2$ = 0.8760) 8-cell : 1/h = 0.0128T-0.1794 ($r^2$ = 0.7589) M (상실기) : 1/h = 0.0234T-0.3274 ($r^2$ = 0.9587) B (포배기) : 1/h = 0.0306T-0.4276 ($r^2$ = 0.9236) T (담륜자기) : 1/h = 0.0442T-0.6224 ($r^2$ = 0.9121) V (D형유생) : 1/h = 0.0864T-1.2850 ($r^2$ = 0.8586) 유생사육시 수온과 난발생 속도와의 관계에서 추정된 D형 유생까지 난발생의 생물학적 영도 및 적산수온은 평균 $0.1^{\circ}C$ 및 $597.3^{\circ}C$였다. D형유생까지 가장 적합한 수온은 $23^{\circ}C$였으며, 발생은 20시간으로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2011

In this study, the canadian peat moss extract was purified by a supercritical ₂ using three different conditions and assessed its biological activities. Peat moss was extracted by acid-alkaline extraction method (sample 1) and purified by a supercritical $CO_2$ at $40^{\circ}C$ under pressure of 100 bar (sample 2), 120 bar (sample 3) or 150 bar (sample 4). We evaluated the antioxidant activities of the samples by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging, $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate (FTC) and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The antioxidant activities were examined by comparing the results with that of ascorbic acid as a positive control. Sample 3 showed relatively higher DPPH radical-scavenging activities than other samples. The antioxidant activity by FIC method exhibited similar results as the DPPH radical-scavenging activities. On the other hand, sample 2 showed higher antioxidant activity measured by TBA method of all. The whitening effects of the samples were examined using mushroom tyrosinase and B16F10 melanoma cells. Sample 3 exhibited overall significant whitening effects, however, other samples showed relatively lower effects. These results suggest that the peat moss extract purified by a supercritical ₂ could be used as a cosmetic ingredient for the anti-aging and whitening effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 위생적인 고춧가루 및 고추장 소스의 효과적인 살균방법을 확립하기 위한 기반 연구로서 감마선, 자외선 조사를 이용한 비가열 살균 및 스팀을 이용한 직,간접 가열살균에 의한 미생물 저감화 효과에 대한 세부 고찰을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 호기성 총균 및 내열성균이 10 kGy 선량 감마선 조사에서는 각각 5-6 log CFU/g, 방사조도 12 mW/㎠ 자외선 조사는 1 log CFU/g 내외, 그리고 120℃, 40 s 스팀가열 살균시는 2 log CFU/g 내외의 감균 효과를 나타내었다. 스팀 가열살균 방법은 감마선 조사 대비 사멸효과는 떨어지지만 2 log CFU/g의 유효적인(p<0.05) 미생물 저감화 효과를 나타내므로 가열온도 및 처리시간 등의 살균공정 조건을 최적화하면 살균효과, 상업적 설비, 처리비용 및 소비자 선호도 등을 종합 검토시 색상 품질 손상 없이 효과적으로 고춧가루내 바실루스 계통의 내열성균을 제어할 수 있는 방법으로 사료된다. 또한 120℃ 스팀 순간 가열살균시 흑후추 분말은 4 log CFU/g, 양파 분말은 2 log CFU/g, 그리고 마늘 분말은 1 log CFU/g 내외의 호기성 총균이 감소하여 다양한 향신야채 건조분말의 미생물 제어에도 유효한 방법으로 판명되었다. 그리고 고추장 용액 경우도 고온 순간 가열방식인 HTST 적용시 110℃에서 부터 호기성 총균수가 무처리 5 log CFU/g에서 2.26 CFU/g로 효과적으로 감소하기 시작하여, 121℃ 처리에서는 상업적 멸균상태로 나타나 고춧가루 및 고추장을 함유한 매운맛 소스의 효과적인 살균방법으로 판명되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5A호
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• pp.849-859
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 벤치마크 사장교를 이용해 다양한 불확실성에 대해서 복합시스템에 사용된 ${\mu}$-제어기의 강인성 해석을 수행하였다. 복합 시스템에 추가적으로 사용된 능동제어 장치로 인하여 전체 시스템의 강인성이 저하되거나 불안정성이 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복합 시스템의 강인성을 향상 시키기 위해 기본적으로 신뢰성이 확보되는 수동장치와 함께 불확실성을 포함한 시스템의 성능과 안정성(강인성능)을 보장하는 ${\mu}$-합성법을 능동제어 장치에 사용하였다. 교량상판에 추가적인 질량, 구조물 강성행렬에 대한 섭동, 능동제어 장치의 시간지연, 그리고 이들의 조합을 이용하여 ${\mu}$-합성법의 강인성을 조사하였다. 수치해석 결과 다양한 불확실성에 대해 제안된 시스템은 제어성능의 저하 없이 뛰어난 강인성을 보여 주었다. 또한 제어시스템의 강인성은 다른 불확실성에 비해 구조물의 강성행렬 섭동에 더 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 ${\mu}$-합성법으로 제어되는 복합 시스템은 불확실성이 많은 지진하중을 받는 사장교에 개선된 제어기법으로 제안될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental methionine, lysine, choline, and sulfur on laying performance, metabolic parameters, and egg quality of hens fed diets containing sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) during the peak laying period. Lohman layers (n = 144), 30-wk of age as 6 replicate cages of 4 hens, were allocated randomly to receive basal diets containing either 22% corn (B) or 22% sorghum (BS) and diets BS plus 0.57% methionine, 0.66% lysine, 0.47% choline, or 0.05% sulfur for 98 d. Feed intake (FI) and egg production (EP) were recorded daily, egg weight (EW) was measured bi-weekly, and body weight (BW) was measured monthly. A sample of 12 eggs from each experimental group was collected every month to evaluate egg quality. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for metabolite concentrations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA as repeated measures and significant differences between the experimental groups were assessed using Duncan's Multiple Range test. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect BW, EP, and FCR but increased FI by 5.7% and EW by 2.4%. The effects of additives on laying performance were variable. Except for serum total protein (STP) concentration, other metabolic parameters were not affected by partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet. Hens fed diet BS had lower SPT concentration than hens fed diet B. Except for methionine supplementation, other supplements ameliorated depression in STP concentration. The additives did not affect other metabolic parameters. Egg quality responses to the experimental diets were also variable. Partial replacement of corn with sorghum in the basal diet did not affect eggshell characteristics (both thickness and stiffness), whereas it had variable effects on inner egg quality parameters (increased yolk index, depressed yolk color, and unaltered albumen index and Haugh unit). In conclusion, laying hen diets could include low-tannin sorghum (0.26%) up to 22% without necessitating extra supplements to overcome compromised performance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2018

본 연구는 간호대학생의 다문화 개방성, 고정관념, 다문화 수용성, 다문화 효능감의 정도를 알아보고, 다문화 효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악함으로써 다문화 효능감을 향상시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 B, Y시의 간호대학생 299명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 2017년 5월 8일부터 5월 26일까지 였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 program을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 다문화 효능감은 평균 $3.92{\pm}0.54$점 이었으며, 일반적 특성에 따른 다문화 효능감은 연령(F=4.516, p=.012), 다문화 학생과의 수업경험(t=2.131, p=.034), 외국어 수강경험(t=2.133, p=.034), 외국인 친구(t=2.759, p=.006)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 다문화 개방성, 고정관념, 다문화 수용성, 다문화 효능감과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 다문화 효능감은 다문화 개방성(r=.396, p<.001), 다문화 수용성(r=.471, p<.001)과 정적 상관관계를 나타냈고, 고정관념(r=-.464, p<.001)과는 부적 상관관계를 나타냈다. 다문화 효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인은 외국인 친구(t=2.021, p=.048), 고정관념(t=-6.363, p<.001), 다문화 수용성(t=6.122, p<.001)으로 나타났고, 다문화 효능감을 35.5% 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 간호대학생의 다문화 효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 반복연구가 필요하다. 또한 다문화 효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 교육 및 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.