• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2003

Cytokines produced by immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets have been incriminated as important mediators of $\beta$-cell destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In non insulin-dependent diabetes, cytokines are also associated with impaired $\beta$-cell function in high glucose condition. By the screening of various natural products blocking $\beta$-cell destruction, we have recently found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can prevent the in vitro destruction of RINm5F cell, an insulinoma cell line, that is induced by cytokines. In that study we suggested that EGCG could prevent cytokine-induced $\beta$-cell destruction by down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) through inhibition of NF-kB activation. Here, to verify the in vivo antidiabetogenic effect of EGCG, we examined the possibility that EGCG could also prevent the experimental autoimmune diabetes induced by the treatment of multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), which is recognized as an inducer of type I autoimmune diabetes. Administration of EGCG (100 mg/day/kg for 10 days) during the MLD-STZ induction of diabetes reduced the increase of blood glucose levels caused by MLD-STZ. Ex vivo analysis of $\beta$-islets showed that EGCG downregulates the MLD-STZ-induced expression of inducible NOS (iNOS). In addition, morphological examination showed that EGCG treatment ameliorated the decrease of islet mass induced by MLD-STZ. In combination these results suggest that EGCG could prevent the onset of MLD-STZ-induced diabetes by protecting pancreatic islets. Our results therefore revealed the possible therapeutic value of EGCG for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2013

Paddy rice is rarely used as a feed because of its high fiber content. In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplementing an enzyme complex consisting of xylanase, beta-glucanase and cellulase, to paddy-based diets on the performance and nutrient digestibility in meat-type ducks. In the both experiments, meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) were randomly assigned to four treatments. Treatment 1 was a basal diet of corn-soybean; treatment 2 was a basal diet of corn-paddy-soybean; treatment 3, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean basal diet at levels of 0.5 g/kg diet; and treatment 4, had enzyme complex added to the corn-paddy-soybean diet at levels of 1.0 g/kg diet. The results showed that the enzyme complex increased the ADG, and decreased the ADFI and F/G significantly (p<0.05) in the ducks, and the ADFI for the ducks fed the corn-paddy-soybean diet showed no difference compared to the ducks fed corn-soybean diets at all stages of the experiment (p<0.05). When corn was partially replaced by paddy, the digestibility of CP and NDF was decreased and increased, respectively (p<0.05), and the level of enzyme complex had a significant effect on both CP and NDF digestibility (p<0.05). As for the AME, addition of enzyme complex increased it significantly (p<0.05), but both diet types and levels of enzyme complex had no effect (p>0.05). The outcome of this research indicates that the application of enzyme complex made up of xylanase, beta-glucanase, and cellulase, in the corn-paddy-soybean diet, can improve performance and nutrition digestibility in meat-type ducks.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1978

To examine the result of the government Medical Aid Program which began in January, 1977 as a part of social security policy implementation, all the medical records of the clients and official statistics in the year were analysed. The specific objectives this study pursues include the magnitudes and patterns of morbidity and utilization, and the characteristics of clients. One Korean rural area, Koje county was selected as the study area and subsequently all the clinics and hospitals assigned to work out the Aid Program are the subjects for the survey. A brief summary of the sutdy results as follows: a. The clients of Koje county are 6.4% of the total population in the area, more than the average percentage of the clients in Korea. It reflects on low level of economic status of the residents of the area. b. The population structure of the clients indicates that the large proportions of young and old age group are overwhelming, while the middle age group share very small portions. c. The utilization rates for primary care are 2.0 persons, 11.6 visits and 22.6 treatment days per 100 persons per months. Annual hospitalization is rated as 13.7 cases and 164 days per 1,000 persons, The utilization rates are slightly lower than those expected rates during planning period but eventually become higher than those of general population in rural Korea. d. The factors which influence the utilization rates are identified with client group (low income vs indigent), age and sex. e. The utilization pattern for primary care demonstrates seasonal variation similar to the pattern of general rural population in the low income group, but none in the indigent group. f. The most common diseases revealed at the primary care clinics are the acute respiratory infection (26.9%), acute gastritis (10.8%), skin and subcutaneous infection (6.8%). The cases of acute conditions are outnumbered than the cases of chronic condition. 8. The clinics, hospitals and other related health institutions are well cooperated in dealing health care services in their own capacities. Considering the above results Medical Aid Program generated satisfactory results at least in the utilization aspect.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The advantages of hydrogen peroxide dissolution method were no discharge of noxious matter when dissolution of molybdenum wire which used as the center supporter, reactions occur in room temperature. The results were as follows : 1. In the FL/10-A type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 50Min., C.R.(Coil resistance) was $9.27{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}9.2{\pm}0.22{\Omega})$, P.W.(Piece weight) was $10.59mg(St.{\;}:{\;}10.5{\pm}0.26mg)$. In the FL/15-D type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 55Min., C.R. was $6.39{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}6.38{\pm}0.02{\Omega})$, P.W. was $16.7mg(St.{\;}:{\;}16.5{\pm}0.3mg)$. In the FL/20-H type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $4.7{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}4.6{\pm}0.3{\Omega})$, P.W. was $20.8mg(St.{\;}:{\;}20{\pm}1.5mg)$. In the FL/20-C type: Dissolution-reaction Time was 60Min., C.R. was $4.5{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}4.6{\pm}0.3{\Omega})$, P.W. was $19.8mg(St.{\;}:{\;}19{\pm}1.0mg)$. 2. In the GLS-230/40-B type: Dissolutiona-reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $105.1{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}104{\pm}2.6{\Omega})$, P.W was $6.37mg(St.{\;}:{\;}6.3{\pm}0.16mg)$. In the GLS-230/60-F type: Dissolution- reaction Time was 45Min., C.R. was $65.92{\Omega}(St.{\;}:{\;}65{\pm}1.62{\Omega})$, P.W. was $11.91mg(St.{\;}:{\;}11.8{\pm}0.29mg)$.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Naesohwangryntang and its composition oriental medicines. Methods : We were experimented anti-oxidation effect and growth inhibition ability on cancer cells and antibacterial activity on various kinds of bacteria of skin. Results : The results were obtained as follows : Electron donating ability(EDA) of water extract Naesohwangryntang and ethanol extract Naesohwangryntang was 60% and 70% at 1000 ppm concentration. In the test of SOD-like activity, ethanol extract showed more activity with 27.4% in 700 ppm, while water extract was low in 19.6%. Clear zones formed by sample against the human skin-resident microflora indicated that anti-microbial activity of ethanol extract Naesohwangryntang was higher than that of water extract Naesohwangryntang. The growth inhibition rates of each sample on lung-cancer(A549), at 1000 ppm cancer cell was over 40%. The growth inhibition rate of the each sample melanoma-cancer(B16F10, G361), at 1000 ppm was over 80%. Conclusions : The results indicated that, ethanol extract which is superior in its anti-oxidation and antibacterial effect is useful to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

This study was carried out to establish most suitable freezing condition, to evaluate the different glycerol concentration of freezing and thawing rates on motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome intecrity of frozen Korean Jeju Black Bull spermatozoa, Semen was collected from a Korean Jeju Black Bull using an artificial vagina and transported to the laboratory. The semen was extended gradually 1:5 then cooled slowly for 2 hrs to 4$^{\circ}C$. The semen was diluted 1:1 with cryoprotectant extenders (3%, 5% and 7% glycerol) and equilibrated for 2 hrs at cold chamber and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, above 5 cm for 10 min and above 8 cm for 10 min. And then the frozen straw was plunged into LN$_2$. The presented straws were examined the viability and motility after thawed at 37$^{\circ}C$ water bath. The viability and membrane integrity immediately post-thawing were significantly higher in samples frozen in 7% glycerol than 3% and 5% glycerol (p<0.05). After CTC staining to assess acrosome integrity, F pattern was significantly increased, but B pattern was significantly decreased in 7% glycerol (p<0.05). Freezing distance of 5 cm from liquid nitrogen and pre-cooling for 10 min yield better survival and membrane integrity, but not significant difference. However, AR pattern according to CTC staining was significantly decreased in 3 cm for 5 min.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2005

Genetic heterogeneity of the tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina was examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite analyses. One hundred and thirteen polymorphic RAPD fragments were generated. The percentage of polymorphic bands of H. asinina across overall primers was 85.20%. The average genetic distance of natural samples within the Gulf of Thailand (HACAME and HASAME) was 0.0219. Larger distance was observed when those samples were compare with HATRAW from the Andaman Sea (0.2309 and 0.2314). Geographic heterogeneity and $F_{ST}$ analyses revealed population differentiation between H. asinina from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea (p < 0.0001). Three microsatellite loci (CUHas1, CUHas4 and CUHas5) indicated relatively high genetic diversity in H. asinina (total number of alleles = 26, 5, 23 and observed heterozygosity = 0.84, 0.42 and 0.33, respectively). Significant population differentiation was also found between samples from different coastal regions (p < 0.0001). Therefore, the gene pool of natural H. asinina in coastal Thai waters can be genetically divided to 2 different populations; the Gulf of Thailand (A) and the Andaman Sea (B).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

A Pseudomonas sp. strain NGK1 (NCIM 5120) capable of utilizing salicylate was immobilized in alginate and polyurethane foam (PUF). The degradation rate of salicylate by freely suspended cells was compared with the degradation rate by immobilized cells. In an initial 20 and 40 mM salicylate, free cells ($2{\times}10^{11}\;cfu\;ml^{-1}$) degraded to 16 and 14 mM, alginate-entrapped cells degraded to 18 and 26 mM, and PUF-entrapped cells degraded to 20 and 32 mM salicylate, respectively, in batch cultures. The alginate-and PUF-entrapped cells were used in repeated batch and continuous culture systems. The efficiency of both the immobilized systems f3r the degradation of salicylate was compared. It has been observed that the PUF-entrapped cells could be reused for more than 20 cycles whereas alginate-entrapped cells could be reused for a maximum of only 12 cycles, after which a decrease in degradation rat was observed with the initial 20 and 40 mM salicylate. The continuous degradation of sallcylate by freely suspended cells showed a negligible degradation rate of salicylate when compared with immobilized cells. With the immobilized cells in both alginate and polyurethane foam, the degradation rate increased with an increase in the dilution rate up to $2\;h^{-1}$ for 20 mM, and $1.5\;h^{-1}$ for 40 mM salicylate. The results revealed that PUF-entrapped cells were more efficient for the degradation of salicylate than alginate-entrapped cells and freely suspended cells.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1973

한국의 뽕나무 해충은 210종 이상이 기록되었다. 과거 4반세기 동안 다수의 합성농약이 농림해충 및 위생해충 방제에 큰 공헌을 해 온 것은 주지의 사실이다. 그러나 뽕나무의 해충에 대해서는 농약에 대한 내약력이 가장 약한 누에에 미칠 악영향 때문에 여러 가지 어려운 점이 많아서 외국에서도 잔효성이 짧은 TEPP 또는 DDVP등이 사용되고 있을 정도이다. 한국에서도 뽕나무순혹파리 방제를 위해서 초여름에 BHC 분제의 토양처리가 실천되어 왔으며 근래에는 뽕나무애바구미의 피해가 심해져서 몇 가지 살충제로 방제시험이 백에 의해서 이루어 졌을 뿐이다· 따라서 뽕나무해풍 방제를 위해서는 천적을 이용한 방제가 바람직하다 하겠다. 필자들은 우선 천적으로서의 거미의 분포 실태를 파악하기 위하여 수원시 소재 잠업시험장 뽕밭에서 1971-72년에 조사하였다. (Fig. 1) 조사된 뽕밭의 면적을 27a이었으며 9개의 조사구를 택하고 이것을 생태적 환경에 따라 3군으로 나누어 비교해 보았다. A, B 및 C구는 동쪽 가에 위치하며 가로등과 3개의 잠실의 등불의 영향을 받아 해충의 밀도가 높았으며 E, D 및 H구는 뽕밭의 중앙부이며 뽕나무 오갈병의 피해가 심하여 뽕나무가 작았고 또한 결주도 많았다. F, G 및 I구는 도로를 격하고 뽕밭 또는 초지에 면한 가장자리 이었 다. 이밖에 수시로 근처의 딴 뽕밭에서 채집한 것도 포함하여 4,987마리의 거미를 조사한 바 17과 47속 66종에 이르렀다. 이것을 Abe의 보고와 비교한 때 종수가 월등 많았으며 또한 Kayashima의 보고와는 달리 풀거미속(Agelena)거미가 훨씬 적은 것이 특이하였다. 채집된 거미를 그 생태에 기초하여 4군으로 나누어 천적으로서의 가치를 비교해 보면 다음과 같다. A군 : 대형의 둥근 망을 치는 종류들로서 날으는 곤충을 잡아먹는데 천적으로서 그다지 중요하지는 않다. 106주에서 245마리가 채집되었으며 (Tetragnatha squamata)가 우량종이었다. B군 : 소형의 둥근 망을 가지나 잎사이에 치는 종들로서 비록 몸은 작지만 가장 중요한 천적이다. 꼬마거미과 애접시거미과에 속하는 거미들이며 18종, 2,815마리가 잡혔다 우점종은 (Erigoridium raminicola),(Theridion octomaculata) (Enoplognatha spp.)이었다. C군 : 떠돌이거미로서 소형곤충을 잡아먹어 유력한 천적이다 26종 1,727마리가 잡혔으며 게거미과, 깡총거미과 및 염낭거미과의 거미들이 우점종이었다. D군 : 지상을 걸어다니는 떠돌이거미로서 늑대거미과가 약간 잡혔으나 천적으로서 중요한 것으로는 생각되지 않는다. 앞으로 이들과 해충과의 관계를 조사구명 해야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.509-513
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• 1996

The data analysed consisted of body weight records at birth, and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age of 549 half Friesian $\times$ Bunaji crossbred heifers collected over a twenty-five year period (1965-1989). Least squares $means{\pm}s.e$. of body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were $26.7{\pm}1.3$, $72.4{\pm}4.5$, $112.9{\pm}6.9$, $147.2{\pm}9.2$ and $182.1{\pm}11.1kg$, respectively. Year of birth was highly significant (p < 0.01) in affecting body weights at all ages, while the effect of month of birth was not. Seasonal influence on birth weight and body weights at 3 and 6 months of age was significant (p < 0.05). Phenotypic correlations between body weights at all ages were positive and highly significant (p < 0.01), ranging from 0.30 to 0.79. The results of this study showed that the beneficial effect of crossbreeding Friesian with Bunaji cattle was reflected in the growth performance of the $F_1$ crosses, since they grew faster than the indigenous Bunaji from brith to yearling age. The study also indicated that heifer selection for yearling body weight can be done early on the basis of weights at 3 and 6 months of age.